MEASUREMENTS OF HEAVY-FLAVOUR DECAY ELECTRONS IN PB-PB COLLISIONS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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MEASUREMENTS OF HEAVY-FLAVOUR DECAY ELECTRONS IN PB-PB COLLISIONS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MEASUREMENTS OF HEAVY-FLAVOUR DECAY ELECTRONS IN PB-PB COLLISIONS WITH ALICE AT LHC DEEPA THOMAS UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN 2015 US LHC USERS ASSOCIATION MEETING 11-13 NOVEMBER 2015 INTRODUCTION Discovery of asymptotic freedom lead to the


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SLIDE 1

MEASUREMENTS OF HEAVY-FLAVOUR DECAY ELECTRONS IN PB-PB COLLISIONS WITH ALICE AT LHC

DEEPA THOMAS UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN 2015 US LHC USERS ASSOCIATION MEETING 11-13 NOVEMBER 2015

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SLIDE 2

INTRODUCTION

Discovery of asymptotic freedom lead to the prediction of a deconfined state of quarks and gluons at high temperature and pressure à Quark Gluon Plasma. A unique way to study QCD matter in lab is by colliding heavy-ions at relativistic energies.

  • Reaching energy density above 1 GeV/fm3

Currently at LHC, Pb ions collide at √sNN = 2.76 TeV.

  • Run 2 : √sNN = 5.02 TeV.

2

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SLIDE 3

WHY STUDY HEAVY FLAVOUR?

[1]. Yu. Dokshitzer and D.E. Kharzeev, Phys.Lett. B 519 199‐206 (2001).

Charm and beauty quarks (heavy quarks)

  • Mainly produced in hard scattering processes in the

initial stage of the collisions with high Q2 values.

  • Traverse the medium undergoing elastic and

inelastic collisions in the QGP.

  • Sensitive to the transport properties of the medium.

Heavy quarks lose less energy compared to light quarks and gluons in the QCD medium

  • Color coupling factor à ΔEg > ΔEq
  • Due to Dead cone effect[1] : suppression of gluon

radiation at forward angles θ < M/E. Harder fragmentation à measured hadron properties are closer to parton properties.

3

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SLIDE 4

HEAVY FLAVOUR HADRONS

One way to study heavy-quark production is using its semi-leptonic decay channel.

  • c, b à l (e, µ) + X.
  • Large branching ratio (10%).
  • Leptons can be used as trigger

particles.

  • High momentum electrons à clean

signature in electromagnetic calorimeter.

  • Present here heavy-flavour decay

electron (HFE) measurements.

4

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SLIDE 5

ALICE DETECTOR

  • TPC --- measures dE/dx

Detectors used for analysis: Inner Tracking System à tracking, primary vertex reconstruction. Time Projection Chamber à tracking, momentum and dE/dx measurement. Time of Flight à PID. Transition Radiation Detector à Electron ID and trigger. Electromagnetic calorimeter à Energy measurement, EMC trigger. US Detector contribution : EMCal + DCal (from Run 2) VZero à MinBias trigger, centrality and event plane estimation. Silicon Pixel Detector à MinBias trigger.

5

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SLIDE 6

E/p 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 Entries

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

electrons hadrons

05/07/2013 = 2.76 TeV

NN

s 20-40% central Pb-Pb, < 2 GeV/c

T

1.5 < p

ALI−PERF−52231

π e π K p e π K p π

ELECTRON MEASUREMENT

Important background electron sources :

  • Photon conversion, Dalitz decays of neutral mesons

and quarkonium decays. Background electrons subtracted using :

  • Cocktail method
  • Background calculated based on measured

pion pT-differential yield (η and J/Ψ spectra used when available).

  • Invariant mass method
  • Reconstruction of electron-positron pairs from

decays of neutral mesons and photon conversions. Electron identification

  • TOF : ±3 σ on electron

hypothesis.

  • TPC dE/dx : 0-3 σ of

electron Bethe-Bloch band.

  • EMCal : 0.8 < E/p < 1.2

TOF TPC EMCal

6

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SLIDE 7

NUCLEAR MODIFICATION FACTOR (RAA)

<NColl> à average number of binary nucleon-nucleon collision dNPbPb/dpT à measured pT differential cross section in Pb-Pb collisions dσpp/dpT à reference pT differential cross section in pp collisions at the same √s as Pb-Pb collisions.

RAA = 1 à Absence of nuclear matter effects RAA < 1 à Indicates suppression of the observed yield in Pb-Pb collisions relative to pp collisions.

7

the nuclear

‘QCD medium’

<

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SLIDE 8

(GeV/c)

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

)

  • 2

dy ((GeV/c)

T

/dp

2

dN

T

p π 1/2

  • 8

10

  • 7

10

  • 6

10

  • 5

10

  • 4

10

  • 3

10

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 Heavy flavour decay electrons 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb (40-50% central), |y|<0.6 > (ALICE)

AA

<T × 2.76 TeV → pp 7 TeV FONLL 2.76 TeV (Uncertainty band)

ALI−PREL−52792

(GeV/c)

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

)

  • 2

dy ((GeV/c)

T

/dp

2

dN

T

p π 1/2

  • 8

10

  • 7

10

  • 6

10

  • 5

10

  • 4

10

  • 3

10

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1

Heavy flavour decay electrons |<0.6 η 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb (0-10%), | (ALICE) 〉

AA

T 〈 × 2.76 TeV → pp 7 TeV (ATLAS) 〉

AA

T 〈 × 2.76 TeV → pp 7 Tev FONLL 2.76 TeV (Uncertainty band)

ALI−PREL−31884

HFE DN/DPT DISTRIBUTION

0-10% central Pb-Pb events

40-50% central Pb-Pb events

dN/dpT distribution for Pb-Pb collisions and pp references (<TAA> scaled)

  • pp reference :
  • pT < 8 GeV/c : 7 TeV data scaled with p-QCD FONLL scaling
  • pT > 8 GeV/c : p-QCD FONLL prediction
  • Comparison with FONLL prediction for pp reference (M.Cacciari et al.

JHEF 0103 (2001) 006) pp reference pp reference 8

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SLIDE 9

(GeV/c)

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

AA

Heavy flavour decay electron R

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 = 2.76 TeV, 40-50% central, |y|<0.6

NN

s Pb-Pb,

= 7 TeV s with pp ref. from scaled cross section at = 2.76 TeV s with pp ref. from FONLL calculation at

ALI−PREL−52742

(GeV/c)

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 AA

Heavy flavour decay electrons R

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 = 7 TeV s with pp ref. from scaled cross section at = 2.76 TeV s with pp ref. from FONLL calculation at

= 2.76 TeV, 0-10% central, |y|<0.6

NN

s Pb-Pb,

ALI−PREL−31917

HFE RAA IN 0-10% AND 40-50% CENTRAL PB- PB COLLISIONS

  • σ

same ¡√s ¡

T pp T PbPb AA AA

dp d dp dN T R / / 1

  • Clear suppression of heavy flavour decay

electrons (RAA ~ 0.4) w.r.t reference pp reference in (0-10%) central Pb-Pb events. RAA of ~ 0.6 observed for semi-central Pb-Pb collisions. RAA (0-10%) < RAA (40-50%). RAA (0-10%) for pT

e < 18 GeV/c

RAA (40-50%) for pT

e < 10 GeV/c

0-10% central Pb-Pb 40-50% central Pb-Pb

9

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SLIDE 10
  • If matter is strongly interacting à spatial asymmetry converted into an anisotropic

momentum distribution.

  • Anisotropy characterized by Fourier co-efficient.
  • Second moment called elliptic flow (v2).

ϕ is the azimuthal angle of the particle

  • Hydrodynamical models can describe the measurements of elliptic flow for light

hadrons at low pT (pT < 2−3 GeV/c).

AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPY (V2) OF ELECTRONS

One observables sensitive to the dynamics

  • f the early stages of Pb-Pb collision is the

azimuthal distribution of the emitted particles in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction. When nuclei collide at non-zero impact parameter the initial matter distribution is anisotropic (almond shaped).

v2 = hcos[2(φ ΨRP )]i

10

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SLIDE 11

) c (GeV/

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12

2

v

  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ALICE Preliminary

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s Pb-Pb, 0-10% Centrality Class

, |y| < 0.7 | > 0.9} η ∆ {EP, |

2

v ,

±

Heavy-flavour decay e , 2.5 < y < 4 {2}

2

v ,

±

µ Heavy-flavour decay

ALI−PREL−77612

) c (GeV/

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12

2

v

  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ALICE Preliminary

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s Pb-Pb, 10-20% Centrality Class

, |y| < 0.7 | > 0.9} η ∆ {EP, |

2

v ,

±

Heavy-flavour decay e , 2.5 < y < 4 {2}

2

v ,

±

µ Heavy-flavour decay

ALI−PREL−77620

) c (GeV/

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

2

v

  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ALICE Preliminary

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s Pb-Pb, 20-40% Centrality Class

, |y| < 0.7 | > 0.9} η ∆ {EP, |

2

v ,

±

Heavy-flavour decay e , 2.5 < y < 4 {2}

2

v ,

±

µ Heavy-flavour decay

ALI−PREL−77628

0-10% 10-20% 20-40%

AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPY (V2)

heavy-flavour decay electrons (|y|<0.7) compared with heavy- flavour decay muons (2.5 < y <4) Non-zero v2 observed in semi-central Pb-Pb collisions. Indication for v2(20-40%) > v2(10-20%) > v2(0-10%). v2 of heavy-flavour decay electrons consistent with that of HF-decay muons. Confirms strong interaction of heavy quarks with the medium. Supports that charm quarks participate in the collective expansion of the medium.

dN dϕ = N0 2π (1 + 2v1 cos(ϕ − Ψ1) + 2v2 cos(ϕ − Ψ2) + ...)

11

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SLIDE 12

) c (GeV/

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

2

v Heavy flavour decay electron

  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ALICE Preliminary

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s Pb-Pb, 20-40% Centrality Class, |y| < 0.7

| > 0.9} η ∆ {EP, |

2

v ALICE, syst error BAMPS el. BAMPS el. + rad. POWLANG MC@sHQ+EPOS, Coll+Rad(LPM) TAMU

ALI−PREL−77576

COMPARISON OF RAA AND V2 WITH THEORETICAL MODELS

(GeV/c)

T

p 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

AA

R Heavy flavour decay electron 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

= 7 TeV s with pp ref. from scaled cross section at = 2.76 TeV s with pp ref. from FONLL calculation at BAMPS el. BAMPS el. + rad. TAMU POWLANG MC@sHG+EPOS,Coll+Rad(LPM)

= 2.76 TeV, 0-10% central

NN

s Pb-Pb, ALICE Preliminary

ALI−PREL−77686

POWLANG: Eur. Phys. J. C 71 (2011) 1666, J. Phys. G 38 (2011) 124144. BAMPS: Phys. Lett. B 717 (2012) 430 TAMU elastic: arXiv: 1401.3817 MC@ sHQ+EPOS, Coll + Rad (LPM): Phys. Rev. C 89 (2014) 014905

Simultaneous description of HF-decay electron RAA and v2 is challenging. à Can provide constraints to energy-loss models. Similar picture for heavy-flavour decay muons (and D mesons).

12

0-10% 20-40%

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SLIDE 13

CONCLUSIONS

ALICE measurement of HFE RAA, v2 in 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions. RAA

  • Suppression consistent with in-medium energy loss ~ 0.4 in 0-10% and

~ 0.7 in 40-50% central Pb-Pb collisions.

  • RAA (0-10%) < RAA (40-50%).

v2

HFE

  • Non zero v2 in 20-40% central Pb-Pb collisions.
  • Suggest strong re-interactions of heavy quarks in the QCD medium.

13

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SLIDE 14

BACK UP

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SLIDE 15

RAA COMPARISON

(GeV/c)

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 AA

Heavy flavour decay electrons R

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 = 7 TeV s with pp ref. from scaled cross section at = 2.76 TeV s with pp ref. from FONLL calculation at

= 2.76 TeV, 0-10% central, |y|<0.6

NN

s Pb-Pb,

ALI−PREL−31917

0-10% central Pb-Pb

) c (GeV/

T

p 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

AA

R 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

ALICE

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s 0-10% Pb-Pb, |<0.8 η Charged pions, | |<0.8 η Charged particles, | CUJET 3.0 Djordjevic Vitev rad WHDG rad+coll

ALI−PUB−99686

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SLIDE 16

RAA

(GeV/c)

T

p

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 AA

R

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 |y|<0.5, 0-7.5%

*+

, D

+

, D Average D

  • extrapolated reference

T

with pp p |<0.8, 0-10% η Charged particles, | |<0.8, 0-10% η Charged pions, |

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s Pb-Pb,

ALI−DER−56048

(GeV/c)

T

p

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

AA

R

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

0-7.5%, |y|<0.5

*+

, D

+

, D Average D |<0.6 η 0-10%, |

±

Heavy flavor decay e 0-10%, 2.5<y<4.0

±

µ Heavy flavor decay

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s Pb-Pb,

Filled markers : pp rescaled reference

  • extrapolated or FONLL reference

T

Open markers: pp p Empty boxes: syst. uncertainties

ALI−DER−36850

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SLIDE 17

V2 COMPARISON

) c (GeV/

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12

2

v

  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ALICE Preliminary

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s Pb-Pb, 0-10% Centrality Class

, |y| < 0.7 | > 0.9} η ∆ {EP, |

2

v ,

±

Heavy-flavour decay e , 2.5 < y < 4 {2}

2

v ,

±

µ Heavy-flavour decay

ALI−PREL−77612

) c (GeV/

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12

2

v

  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ALICE Preliminary

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s Pb-Pb, 10-20% Centrality Class

, |y| < 0.7 | > 0.9} η ∆ {EP, |

2

v ,

±

Heavy-flavour decay e , 2.5 < y < 4 {2}

2

v ,

±

µ Heavy-flavour decay

ALI−PREL−77620

) c (GeV/

T

p

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

2

v

  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ALICE Preliminary

= 2.76 TeV

NN

s Pb-Pb, 20-40% Centrality Class

, |y| < 0.7 | > 0.9} η ∆ {EP, |

2

v ,

±

Heavy-flavour decay e , 2.5 < y < 4 {2}

2

v ,

±

µ Heavy-flavour decay

ALI−PREL−77628

0-10% 10-20% 20-40%

(GeV/c)

T

p

5 10 15 20

2

v

0.1 0.2 |>2.0} η ∆ {EP, |

2

v {4}

2

v WHDG LHC

2

v π Extrapolation

30-40%

ALI−PUB−28768