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Measurements and Observations of IP Introduction Multicast Traffic - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Outline Measurements and Observations of IP Introduction Multicast Traffic Environment and methodology Bruce A. Mah Measurements bmah@CS.Berkeley.EDU Aggregate The Tenet Group Audio conversations University of California at Berkeley

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Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffic Page 1 of 16

Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffic

Bruce A. Mah bmah@CS.Berkeley.EDU The Tenet Group University of California at Berkeley and International Computer Science Institute 14 February 1994 XUNET Student Meeting, Chicago, IL

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Outline

Introduction Environment and methodology Measurements

Aggregate Audio conversations Video conversations

Analysis and random observations Conclusions

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Introduction

IP Multicast MBONE (Multicast Backbone): Virtual network for supporting Internet-wide multicasts “Multimedia” tools

Video (nv, vic, ivs) Audio (vat, nevot) Shared whiteboard (wb) Still image distribution (imm)

The first widespread multimedia applications What can we learn about network traffic generated by production use multimedia applications?

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Environment and Methodology

Capture packet headers for off-line processing sdsnoop: Session Directory Snoop

paradigm conviction propaganda 128.32.201 ICSI (Ethernet) 128.32.131 XCS (Ethernet) 192.107.102 Tenet (FDDI) To XUNET To campus and Sequoia 2000 MBONE routers tcpdump MBONE routers 192.128.57 XUNET

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Aggregate IP Multicast Traffi c

XUNET Video Conference 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST

500 1000 1500 2000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 KBits per second Time in Seconds Total IP Multicast Traffic

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Aggregate IP Multicast Traffi c

”Just an ordinary day” 20 January 1994 09:45 AM to 21 January 1994 09:47 AM PST

500 1000 1500 2000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 KBits per second Time in Seconds Total IP Multicast Traffic

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Audio Bitrate

XUNET Audio 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 KBits per second Time in Seconds

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Video Bitrate (nv 128Kbps)

law.CS.Berkeley.EDU to XUNET Video (one-second samples) 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST

50 100 150 200 250 300 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 KBits per second Time in Seconds law.cs.berkeley.edu

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Video (nv) Bitrate

law.CS.Berkeley.EDU to XUNET Video (fi ve second samples) 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST

50 100 150 200 250 300 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 KBits per second Time in Seconds law.cs.berkeley.edu

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Video (nv) Packet Sizes

law.CS.Berkeley.EDU to XUNET Video 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Cumulative Distribution Packet Size in Bytes

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Video (nv) Packet Interarrival Time

law.CS.Berkeley.EDU to XUNET Video 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Cumulative Distribution Interarrival Time in Milliseconds

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Still Image Distribution (imm)

GOES-7 (Visual Satellite Images) The solution to “casual Internet usage?”

2 4 6 8 10 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 KBits per second Time in Seconds

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Traffi c Analysis

20 January 1994 Trace Gross Characteristics

299 traffi c sour ces 65 destinations 1,005 conversations 722,901,051 total bytes 2,239,382 total packets

No special events this day...why so many destination addresses?

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Traffi c Br eakdown

723 MB total (all sessions)

585 MB (81.0% percent of total) from a locally-advertised “radio session” , adjusted totals exclude this session

24 advertised sessions

100 MB (72.6% of adjusted total) Still Images (imm and mnm): 46 MB Audio (vat): 42 MB Video (nv): 11 MB

7 unadvertised but known sessions

8 MB (5.5% of adjusted total)

33 unknown sessions

30 MB (21.8% of adjusted total)

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Funny User Behavior

What’s happening here?

Traffi c patterns suggest vat No sd advertisements suggests testing, experimentation Improper scope control (most sources in Europe, why should we see their traffi c in California?)

Suggestions

We need real multicast tree pruning! Users need education!

Hosts unreachable from ANSNET backbone

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Conclusions

Aggregate traffi c

IP Multicast traffi c still highly variable Dependent on special events and outside factors Diffi cult to constr uct a “typical” workload Trends?

Audio conferencing traffi c

“Floor control” needed

Video conferencing traffi c User behavior

Better protection in network (true multicast tree pruning) User education