Materials Science in Foaming Ernesto Di Maio and Salvatore Iannace - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Materials Science in Foaming Ernesto Di Maio and Salvatore Iannace - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 07, 2022 302 likes •796 views

Materials Science in Foaming Ernesto Di Maio and Salvatore Iannace Department of Chemical, Materials and National Research Council Production Engineering Milan&Naples, Italy University of Naples Federico II, Italy foaming in Naples the

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Materials Science in Foaming

Ernesto Di Maio and Salvatore Iannace

Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering University of Naples Federico II, Italy National Research Council Milan&Naples, Italy

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foaming in Naples

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the beauty of foam:

“it is like designing materials with air”

L.J.Gibson, Cellular Materials, 2001

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nice and soft

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acoustic absorption

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thermal insulation

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the most efficient, wonderful structural materials

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foams as structural materials

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foams as structural materials

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structures that we try to mimic

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how?

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as easy as: pouring some beer beating egg white baking a cake

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vs. vs. vs.

as easy as: pouring some beer making egg white baking a cake

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vs. vs. vs.

as easy as: pouring some beer making egg white baking a cake

materials science matters

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www.foamlab.unina.it

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new characterization tools new processing tools new understanding new materials & products

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new characterization tools

  • HP-rheology
  • HP-DSC
  • pVT
  • TEM/SEM/optical
  • …
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new characterization tools

  • HP-rheology
  • HP-DSC
  • pVT
  • TEM/SEM/optical
  • coupled sorption/drop shape analysis
  • solubility, diffusivity, density, interfacial tension

HP/HT view

MSB

Pastore Carbone et al., Polymer Testing 2013

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new characterization tools

Di Caprio et al., Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2016

solubility diffusivity density interfacial tension

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Tammaro, et al. J Cell Past 2015 Tammaro, et al. I&CER 2016

new processing tools

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new understanding new materials & products …playing around with all of the possible strategies to achieve a good foam with the material with the blowing agents with the nucleating agents with the process

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PCL PCL 1%perox

  • 1. macromolecular architecture

Di Maio et al. Macromol. Symp. 2005 Di et al. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2005

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  • 2. blowing agent

Di Maio et al. Poly. Eng. Sci 2005

PCL

CO2 N2 CO2/N2

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PLA 1% nano

  • 3. nanometric additive

Marrazzo et al. Poly. Eng. Sci 2008

  • Di. et al J. Pol. Sci. B 2003

Di Maio et al. Plastics Rubbers and Composites 2003 Di Maio et al. Polymer 2004

  • Di. et al J. Pol. Sci. B 2005
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Di Maio et al. Poly. Eng. Sci 2005 Marrazzo et al. J. of Cell. Plast. 2008 Sorrentino et al. J App Pol Sci 2010 Salerno et al. Biotech Bioeng 2011 Tammaro et al. . J. of Cell. Plast. 2015

  • 4. processing

3000bar/s 300bar/s

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Orsi et al. Nano Research 2014

new materials & products

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Contaldi et al. JAPS 2016

new materials & products

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Trujillo de Santiago et al. in preparation

new materials & products

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so far… thermoplastic foams by physical blowing agents

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thermosetting polyurethane foams by physical blowing agents

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time insulating performance

introduction of water as blowing agent introduction of pentane as co-blowing agent

λ=0.025W/m.K λ=0.020W/m.K

  • R. Herrington, K. Hock, Polyurethane Foams, The Dow Chemical Company, 1977
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time insulating performance

?

introduction of pentane as co-blowing agent

λ=0.025W/m.K λ=0.020W/m.K

introduction of water as blowing agent

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time insulating performance

?

introduction of pentane as co-blowing agent

λ=0.025W/m.K λ=0.020W/m.K

scCO2

introduction of water as blowing agent

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  • 1. sorption under high pressure
  • 2. curing under high pressure
  • 3. foaming at pressure release

how?

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Di Caprio et al., Polymer Testing, submitted

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rubber impeller

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rubber impeller sapphire window

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sorption

FT-NIR spectra polyol+CO2

*4950cm-1 *5070cm-1 *CO2 combination bands

t = 0 t = 2days

*Buback et al. Physica B&C 139-140 (1986) 544-546

  • T. Guadagno, S. G. Kazarian J. Phys. Chem. B. 108 (2004) 13995

T=35°C, Pco2 = 40 bar, tsorption = 2 days scans=32 resolution= 4 cm-1

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1,05 1,10 1,15 1,20 1,25 1,30 1,35 1,40 1,45 Absorbance 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

  • NH
  • vertone band

6700 cm-1

  • NCO

5347 cm-1

  • NCO

4680 cm-1

isocyanate isocyanate urethane

curing

FT-NIR spectra polyol+MDI+CO2

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sorption time

2h 30’ 7h 17h

CO2 % wt

2.0%wt 3.7%wt 4.1%wt 1.3%wt 40’ 12’ 0.7%wt 0’ 0%wt

foaming effect of PBA amount

sorption time density quality of morfology

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without CO2 with CO2

PUFs obtained at 35°C and 0 (left) and 4.0 (right) MPa of CO2.

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still far from the insulating performance goal but THAT’S BEAUTIFUL!

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@University of Naples

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@University of Naples

edimaio@unina.it www.foamlab.unina.it

Form 830-047-0717