Marion LECONTE Universit Lumire Lyon 2 (France), Laboratoire EVS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nov 22, 2022 22 likes •497 views

Irrigation tanks becoming Important Bird Areas Study of three tanks in Mysore city : Kukkarahalli, Ligambudhi, Karanji lakes Marion LECONTE Universit Lumire Lyon 2 (France), Laboratoire EVS Environnement-Ville-Socit. Exchange program

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Irrigation tanks becoming Important Bird Areas Study of three tanks in Mysore city : Kukkarahalli, Ligambudhi, Karanji lakes

Marion LECONTE

Université Lumière Lyon 2 (France), Laboratoire EVS

Environnement-Ville-Société.

Exchange program with Mysore University, Karnataka state (India).

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  • 1. Context
  • Location of Mysore
  • Climate in Mysore
  • Lakes built for irrigation
  • 2. Problematics
  • 3. Chronology of birds protection in India
  • 4. The Kukkarahalli lake

The Karanji lake The Lingambudhi lake

  • 5. Perspectives

2 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

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  • In Karnataka State.
  • Before

: the capital

  • f

Mysore Kingdom. Ruled by the Maharajas

  • Wodeyar. T
  • day the maharajas have no

political power anymore.

  • 1956 : the State Reorganization Act

 Mysore State.

  • 1976 : named as Karnataka State.

Bangalore became capital of Karnataka.

  • 914 919 people living in Mysore.

(source : Mysore city corporation, census

  • f 2011). Mysore is the second biggest

city in Karnataka. This is the head quarters of Mysore District.

  • 1. Context : location of Mysore

3 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

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From march to may, the temperature varies from 21 to 34°C. From November to February it varies from 12°C to 30°C (source : Mysore City Corporation).

  • 1. Context : climate in Mysore

4 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

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The annual average of precipitation variates from 670 mm to 888.6 mm. The water is a ressource rare because of the precipitations are concentrated during 6 months.

  • 1. Context : climate in Mysore

5 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

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  • 2. Lakes built for irrigation : the role of the Maharajas

6 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • The traditional system :

build bunds to form reservoirs inter connected with canals.

  • In Mysore, this traditional

system had been renovated in 19th century by the Maharaja Krishna Raja Wodeyar III in collaboration with a British engineer.

  • These reservoirs are called

tanks and Kere in kannada.

  • Kukkarahalli lake, Karanji

lake, Lingambudhi lake.

Kukkarahalli kere Lingambudhi Kere Karanji Kere

  • Fig. 2 : Krishna

Raja Wodeyar III

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  • 2. Lakes built for irrigation : multi function areas

7 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • Recharge

the groundwater reservoirs. Borewell and wells.

  • Cattle.
  • Cutting grass to feed the

cows.

  • Washing cloth in dhobhi ghat.
  • Activities

remain in Kukkarahalli lake and Lingambudhi lake.

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  • 2. Lakes built for irrigation : multi function areas

8 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

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  • 2. Lakes built for irrigation : multi function areas

9 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

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10 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 2. Lakes built for irrigation : replaced by the KRS dam
  • Irrigation of fjelds all

the year.

  • 23 % of the cultivable

fjelds of Mysore district are irrigated (source : Mysore District).

  • Because
  • f

the growing

  • f

the population and the growing of the city, these lakes became not suffjciant.

Mysore city in 1978 Mysore city today, in 2013

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11 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 2. Lakes built for irrigation : replaced by the KRS dam
  • 1933 a dam has been

built on the Cauvery River (source : Mysore District Gazeteer). Krishna Raj Sagara or KRS dam. Electrical pumps on the cavery river.

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12 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 2. Lakes built for irrigation : replaced by the KRS dam
  • Provides water for the

city and for irrigation around Mysore.

  • Lakes in Mysore

became dry or constructed areas : jayanagara lake ; Dasara exhibition ground.

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13 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 3. problematics
  • Artifjcial tanks built hundred years ago to provide water to the city
  • f Mysore.
  • The use change along the years.
  • Now this lakes become interesting for the conservation of

biodiversity in the growing city of Mysore. How to maintain biodiversity and use of natural ressources ?

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14 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 3. Chronology of birds protection in India
  • 1972 : the Wildlife Protection Act  sanctuaries and national

parks to protect wildlife (tigers sanctuaries, elephants sanctuaries, birds sanctuaries…). The aim : to protect habitats of wild animals.

  • 1971 : the International Convention on protection of wetland

signed in Ramsar (Iran). India signed the convention in 1982. The aim : to protect the environment of the wetland birds. And to insure the use of wetland to the benefjce of populations.

  • 1974 : the fjrst edition of the book in 10 volumes : Handbook of

the birds of India and Pakistan (Salim Ali et SD Ripley). And many website where birdwatcher and ornithologists identify birds.

  • 2004 : publication of the book Important bird areas in India :

priority sites for conservation (Rahmani A.R., Islam Z.-U.,eds.).

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15 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 3. Chronology of birds protection rules in India
  • The program Important Bird Areas is an initiativ of the British

NGO called Birdlife International, after a request of European Union in 1985. The aim : to cense the sites that are important for birds : nesting sites, breeding sites, or migration spots. T

  • create a world inventory

and make a network of sites.

  • I study three lakes in Mysore city. Lingambudhi, Karanji,
  • Kukkarahalli. This three lakes are very difgerent one from each
  • ther. The three lakes are recorded as Important Bird Areas of

India.

  • India is the seventh biggest country in the world area. The

country belongs to the top ten of countries rich in biodiversity. For this reason it is an interesting case study.

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16 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake
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17 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : history

Mysore Kukkarahalli lake

  • The Kukkarahalli lake

has been built in 1864.

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18 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : history
  • The Kukkarahalli lake

has been built in 1864.

Mysore Kukkarahalli lake

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19 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : in a chain of lakes
  • Water came before

from west side.

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20 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : in a chain of lakes
  • The overfmow was

directing via a canal to the south.

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21 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : industrial purpose
  • This water was used to

bring water for the industry

  • f sandal wood and silk

factories.

  • Government Sandalwood

Oil Factory was established in 1916 for distillation of sandalwood oil.

  • Government Silk Factory

was established in 1932.

  • T
  • day the canal are not

anymore in use. The sewage water is what principally feed the lake. That brings pollution.

Government Sandalwood Oil Factory Government Silk Factory

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22 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : a urban park
  • Since 1954 the lake

belongs to Mysore University.

Mysore University

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23 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : a urban park
  • Area is 54 ha.
  • This is a place of high frequentation early morning and in the

evening for joggers, walkers, lovers, nature lovers and

  • birdwatchers. And gave inspiration for many poets and writers.
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24 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : a urban park
  • Area is 54 ha.
  • This is a place of high frequentation early morning and in the

evening for joggers, walkers, lovers, nature lovers and

  • birdwatchers. And gave inspiration for many poets and writers.
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25 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : a urban park
  • Area is 54 ha.
  • This is a place of high frequentation early morning and in the

evening for joggers, walkers, lovers, nature lovers and

  • birdwatchers. And gave inspiration for many poets and writers.
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26 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : a urban park
  • This lake has been fjtted out like a urban park.
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27 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : a urban park
  • This lake is now fjtted out like a urban park. With children park,

pavilion, benches :

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28 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : a urban park
  • This lake is now fjtted out like a urban park. A fence has been

settled in the beginning of the year :

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29 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : agricultural purpose
  • Still people are coming to cattle or to cut grass to feed the cows

later.

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30 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Kukkarahalli lake : an Important Bird Area
  • This lake is an Important Bird Area
  • Breeding of Spot-Billed Pelican.
  • There is an island that is a refuge for a lot of birds.
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31 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Lingambudhi lake
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32 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Lingambudhi lake

Lingambudhi lake

  • The Lingambudhi kere

has been built in 1828.

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33 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Lingambudhi lake : in a chain of lakes
  • The Lingambudhi kere

has been built in 1828.

  • Till the 20th century,

this lake was supplied by the

  • verfmow
  • f

Kukkarahalli lake.

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34 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Lingambudhi lake : in a chain of lakes
  • The Lingambudhi kere

has been built in 1828.

  • Till the 20th century,

this lake was supplied by the

  • verfmow
  • f

Kukkarahalli lake.

  • The overfmow of the

lake is directing to the

  • south. In direction of

Kabini river.

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35 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Lingambudhi lake : a wild outside place
  • Area is 73 ha.
  • There is a forest around the

lake and a path for walkers, joggers, birdwatchers.

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36 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Lingambudhi lake : a people’s movement to protect the
  • 1990 people’s movement to save Lingambudhi lake was initiated.
  • The lake was transferred to the Forest Department in 1994.
  • In 1997 a ring road was proposed to Mysore, that threatened the lake. A

public pressure was mounted making the authorities realign the ring road by 2001.

  • In the year 2008 the lake premises is declared a reserve forest under

notifjcation 12(E).

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37 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Lingambudhi lake : a people’s movement to protect the
  • Now it is registered as Important Bird Area. It is an Important staging ground for

migratory waders.

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38 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Karanji lake
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39 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Karanji lake

Karanji lake Mysore Palace

The main gate of Karanji lake :

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40 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Karanji lake : in a chain of lakes

Chamundi Hill

  • Area is 65 ha.
  • Water is supplied from

east side and from the chamundi hill streaming water.

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41 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Karanji lake : in a chain of lakes
  • Area is 65 ha.
  • Water is supplied from

east side and from the chamundi hill streaming water.

  • The water streams to

the south.

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42 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Karanji lake : a part of Mysore Zoo

Mysore Zoo

  • Since 1985, the lake

belongs to the Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens of Mysore.

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43 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Karanji lake : an Important Bird Area
  • Many islands have been built to attract the birds.
  • Signifjcant number of spot-billed pelican.
  • Near threatened black-headed ibis breed here.
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44 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 4. Karanji lake : an Important Bird Area

An island in the lake Children park A second island in the lake

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45 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

  • 5. Perspectives
  • Becoming rare, now the lakes are more concern by the public as a

result it is protected in its current status.

  • Before the lakes had an agricultural or domestic purpose, now it is

mainly a recreation and nature watching purpose.

  • As a result of the change of the utility of the lakes, there is a

transition of the ownership of lakes.

  • Each owner has a difgerent framework (objectives, expertise,

fjnance, and the will to do).

  • In Europe : Directive « Habitats-Faune-Flore » (1992) and Directive

« oiseaux sauvages » (1979). The Natura 2000 network to protect habitats and environment of species.

  • So the questions remains : how to make the transition.
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46 Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas : study of three tanks in Mysore city Marion Leconte

References

  • RAHMANI A.R., ISLAM Z.-U. (eds.), 2004. Important bird areas in India : priority sites

for conservation, IBCN : Bombay national history society, Inde, 1133 p.

  • Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Project, Draft final report, concept plan

for rehabilitation of five numbers of lakes in Mysore city, may 2002, 84p.

  • VINATHE S., 1993. Restoration of Lingambudhi tanks as habitat of waterfowl – an

ecological study, July 1993, Institute of Development studies, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 50 p.

  • Suryanath U Kamath (Chief Editor), 1988. Gazetteer of India, Karnataka State

Gazetteer, Mysore District, 1988. Government of Karnataka Publication, Government of Karnataka publication, Printed at Government Press Bangalore, 1022 p.

  • Meeting with Ravi Kumar Sir, who took part of the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure

Development Project Concept plan for rehabilitation of five numbers of lakes in Mysore city.

  • Meeting with Manu K. Sir, who is engaged in lake conservation and nature
  • conservation. Of Mysore Amateur Naturalist.
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Irrigation tanks becoming Important Birds Areas 47

Thank You !