March 21, 2019 PETROLEUM REFINING www.pesa.org What Drives the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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March 21, 2019 PETROLEUM REFINING www.pesa.org What Drives the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PESA OIL & GAS 101 March 21, 2019 PETROLEUM REFINING www.pesa.org What Drives the Demand for Energy? Global energy demand Quadrillion BTUs 250 Average Growth/Year 0.7% 2015 to 2040 2040 200 Population 2015 1.5% Living

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www.pesa.org

PESA OIL & GAS 101 March 21, 2019 PETROLEUM REFINING

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What Drives the Demand for Energy?

 Population  Living Standards  Technology

Source: ExxonMobil 2017 Outlook for Energy

50 100 150 200 250

Oil Gas Coal Other Renewable1 1.5%
  • 0.1%
2.6% Nuclear 0.7%

Average Growth/Year 2015 to 2040

2040 2015 Solar & Wind 5.8% 0.6%

Quadrillion BTUs

Global energy demand

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135 18.6

MBD operable capacity U.S. Refineries

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
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What’s in a barrel of crude?

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“Flavors” of Crude

Brent Mars

West Texas

Light, medium or heavy; sour or sweet

Dubai

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Transportation of Crude

Rail Pipeline Sea

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The Refining Process

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Refining Process

Separation 1

  • Separates crude oil into

naturally occurring components

  • Occurs by applying heat

through a process called distillation

  • Performed in a series of

distillation towers, with the bottom product from each tower feeding the next

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9

Crude Distillation Unit

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Refining Process

Conversion 2 Converts low valued heavy oils into higher valued gasoline, distillates and feedstocks

  • Hydroformers change structure
  • f naphtha molecules to improve
  • ctane and supply chemical feed

requirements

  • Fluidized Catalytic Crackers

(FCC) convert heavy gas oils into gasoline, diesel and chemicals feedstock

  • Coker Units convert asphalts into

diesel and feedstocks

FCC Unit

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Refining Process

  • Sulfur removal from products
  • Hydrotreating – unfinished

products are contacted with hydrogen under high pressure and heat to remove sulfur

  • End products that meet and

exceed environmental standards Purification 3

Hydrotreater

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Products

Both finished products and feedstocks/basestocks

Diesel/Motor gasoline Jet fuel Lubricants Plastics Tires Car dashboard

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Summary

  • The world needs energy
  • Refining produces a diverse set
  • f products through a diverse set
  • f highly technical processes
  • Refining is a valuable part of our

energy economy

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Questions?

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