March 15, 2011 March 15, 2011 www.arabyouthsurvey.com | - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

March 15, 2011 March 15, 2011

www.arabyouthsurvey.com | www.asdaa.com

OBJECTIVES

ASDA’A Burson‐Marsteller commissioned Penn Schoen Berland (PSB) in October 2010 to carry out the survey among Arab national and expatriate youth aged 18‐24 in 10 Middle East countries: the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi ) Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait), Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt and, for the first time, Iraq.

The research was designed to uncover country differences and common trends, looking at concerns and priorities such as:

• Attitudes towards democracy
• Economic and social concerns
• Attitudes to foreign relations

g

• Personal and social values
• Attitudes towards education
• Perceptions of future careers
• Access to technology

Access to technology

• Social media networking
• Media consumption trends

OBJECTIVES

The timeline below is a brief summary of events leading up to the Arab Youth Survey

• 2010. Protests in Tunisia, Egypt and other countries in the region post‐date 2010

fieldwork:

Timeline of events surrounding AYS 2010

WikiL k WikiL k Qatar win Qatar win US combat US combat Tunisia Tunisia protests protests Failed printer Failed printer cartridge bomb plot cartridge bomb plot WikiLeaks WikiLeaks releases releases diplomatic diplomatic cables cables Protests begin in Protests begin in Bahrain, Yemen Bahrain, Yemen and Oman and Oman Qatar win Qatar win World Cup World Cup 2022 bid 2022 bid

• fficially ends in
• fficially ends in

Iraq, turning to Iraq, turning to advisory role advisory role

AYS AYS Dec 2010 Dec 2010/ / Jan Jan 2011 2011 February February September September October October November November January January December December

Egyptian Egyptian Parliamentary Parliamentary elections elections Egypt Egypt protests protests Supporters of Supporters of the Muslim the Muslim Brotherhood Brotherhood arrested in arrested in Saudi Saudi Regulator Regulator closes websites closes websites for violating for violating Ahmadinejad Ahmadinejad visits visits Lebanon Lebanon Egyptian Egyptian Serious unrest in Serious unrest in Egypt Egypt Royal Decree Royal Decree Parliamentary Parliamentary elections elections (second second round) round) Libya begins Libya begins

METHODOLOGY

PSB conducted 2,000 interviews face‐to‐face* among respondents aged 18‐24 from December 27, 2010‐January 20, 2011. The table explains the country by country breakdown of the respondents.

Quotas were applied to:

Male 60% Female 40%

Gender ‐ Quotas for each market ‐

New in 2010

UAE Oman Qatar Bahrain KSA Kuwait Egypt Jordan

Lebanon Iraq

N=250 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=150

Nationals / Expats = 50 / 50 Exclusively Nationals Nationals / Expats = 50 / 50 Exclusively Nationals Nationals / Expats = 75 / 25 Nationals / Expats = 75 / 25 Exclusively Nationals Exclusively Nationals

Exclusively Nationals Exclusively Nationals

50 / 50 50 / 50 75 / 25 75 / 25

Dubai – 40% Muscat – 50% Doha – 55% Manama – 100% Jeddah – 40% Kuwait City -20% Cairo – 50% Amman – 50% East Beirut – 40% Baghdad (50%) Sharjah – 20% Riyadh – 40% Al Hawalli – 30th Alexandria – 25% Irbid – 25% West Beirut – 40% Irbil (25%) Abu Dhabi – 40% Batinah – 50% Al Rayyan – 45% Dammam – 20% Al Ahmadi – 20% Mansoura – 25% Zarqa – 25% Tripoli – 20% Basrah (25%) Al Farwaniya – 30%

* 2008 research was conducted by Nielsen using an online methodology. Both 2009 and 2010 research was conducted face‐to‐face.

30%

TOP TEN FINDINGS

• 1. An enduring desire for democracy
• 2. Anxiety grows about rising cost of living
• 3. Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern
• 4. Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook
• 5. Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab countries
• 6. Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to start own business
• 7. Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in influence
• 8. Television the most popular and trusted source of news
• 9. Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in influence
• 10. More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of global citizenship

AN ENDURING DESIRE FOR DEMOCRACY

THE MOST IMPORTANT

• Living in a democratic country remains the most important priority.
• The importance of democracy has increased significantly in the past few months.

How important are each of the following to you? (% very important) Among All

92 77 77 50 66 67 68 62 74 60 60 76 60 55 60 52 57 55 51 65 64 64 62 62 62 61 60 60 65 77 72 76 77 76 63 76

Living in a democratic country Living in a safe neighbourhood Maintaining a close relationship with family Being paid a fair wage Being able to get married/start a family Living without fear

• f terrorism

Being able to find a job Having good infrastructure Having the

• pportunities to

excel in my career

2008 2009 2010 2011

THE MOST IMPORTANT

• 4 in 5 for those in non‐GCC countries consider the most important issue to be living in a

democratic country.

• For those in the GCC, living in a safe neighbourhood and close relationships with family are

key

72 80

key.

How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)

72 66 65 65 64 63 62 61 60 49 60 58 55 59 56 56 62

Maintaining a close relationship with family Living in a safe neighbourhood Living without fear of terrorism Being able to find a job Being able to get married/start a family Having the

• pportunities to

excel in my career Having good infrastructure Being paid a fair wage Living in a democratic country

GCC Non GCC

THE MOST IMPORTANT

• Nine in ten young Iraqis believe that living in a democracy is very important. There is also a

strong call for it in Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain.

• In Bahrain, it is particularly important for youth to be able to have a family.

How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)

78 67 52 68 85 52 58 75 92 89 80 66 59 51 51 61 51 67 75 61 70 52 56 65 73 66 73 52 49 46 70 57 84 57 91 71 61 78 34 33 49 46

Living in a democratic country Living in a safe neighbourhood Maintaining a close relationship with my family Being paid a fair wage

Egypt Jordan Kuwait Qatar KSA UAE Oman Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

ANXIETY GROWS ABOUT ANXIETY GROWS ABOUT RISING COST OF LIVING

THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE

Overall young people in the

48% 34% 54 36 39 32

Rising cost of living Unemployment

y g p p Middle East see the region’s biggest challenge as the rising cost of living. This is most pronounced in the Gulf

• countries. Unemployment,

h i h d h

26% 24% 20% 20% 26 28 17 32 26 19 24

Human rights The economy The gap between the rich and the poor

human rights and the economy follow behind. Young people in non‐Gulf countries are more concerned with the gap between the rich and the poor.

20% 17% 17% 17% 20 19 20 14 20 13 14

Dangers of drugs Corruption in government and public life The loss of traditional values and culture Opportunitiesforwomen

Which of the following would you say is the biggest challenge facing the Middle East today?

16% 15% 13% 14 19 15 15 21 12 15 11

Opportunities for women Personal debt The quality of education in schools Middle East conflicts

Among All

13% 13% 12% 15 12 11 11 11 14 12

International conflicts Crime / law and order Shortage of affordable housing

12% 11% 14 11 10 12

Climate change and the environment Reliable electricity supply

Among All GCC Non GCC

GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR OF GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR OF INCREASING CONCERN

CONCERNS FOR 2011

• As well as being the biggest challenge, the rising cost of

living is also the primary concern for youth across the

• region. There has been a sharp increase in concern over the

rise of Islamist movements which is in tandem with a rising d h

How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? (% very concerned)

interest in democracy in the region.

• Unemployment remains one of the key concerns, while the

rich/poor divide is an increasing concern.

Among All +10 +9 Added in 2010

CONCERNS FOR 2011

• Concerns over the rise in the cost of living and unemployment

are constants throughout the Arab world, but other issues are of greater concern to those outside the wealthy Gulf states (GCC)

• Those in non‐GCC countries are most concerned about the role of

How concerned would you say you are • Those in non‐GCC countries are most concerned about the role of

Islam in political life. HIV/Aids, access to clean water and the growing wealth gap

Among All y y y about each of the following issues? (% very concerned)

CONCERNS FOR 2011

• Those in Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain are the most concerned about the rise in cost of
• living. In Egypt, standard of living and unemployment are also of concern, providing the

backdrop on which to view January and February’s protests.

77 63 63 77 71 63 68

How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? Top 5 (% very concerned)

45 33 43 40 33 45 63 35 63 31 56 47 35 41 58 43 59 57 57 53 34 38 50 46 42 46 49 60 63 55 45 56 53 46 47 58 58 53 50 44 13 31 25 16 25 21 24

Rising cost of living Access to clean water The gap between the rich and the poor Unemployment Standard of living in your country of residence

Egypt Jordan Kuwait Qatar KSA UAE Oman Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

LESS OPTIMISM ABOUT ECONOMIC LESS OPTIMISM ABOUT ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK

GENERAL OUTLOOK

• Overall, the majority of Arab youth feel that their country is going in the right direction. Young people in

, j y y y g g g g p p the GCC countries are more likely to believe that their country is heading in the right direction, though there has been a positive uplift in non‐GCC countries.

• Young Qataris feel most positive about their country’s direction, likely helped by winning the 2022 World

Cup.

• Egypt and Lebanon remain the most negative about their countries. This could be attributed to the slow

recovery from the recession, and from concerns about how to bridge the gap between the rising cost of living and unemployment.

Among All Thinking about the last five years, do you think things in your country of residence are going in the right direction or are they going in the wrong direction? * Iraq added for 2010 data

23 27 66 61

Right Direction Wrong Direction

• g

% Right direction

11 13 23 27 2009 2010

Don't know

ECONOMIC RECOVERY

• In Gulf countries, there is a stronger belief that their countries have recovered from the economic crisis.
• Three quarters of young people in Qatar believe their country has completely recovered from the

economic downturn. More than half feel the same in Kuwait.

• In Jordan and Iraq, over 9 in 10 say they have partially recovered, but that there is still a way to go. One

q y y p y y g year on from the Dubai World Default, one third of youth in UAE believe the country has fully recovered but two thirds believe recovery is only partial at this stage.

• Youth in Egypt and Lebanon are least positive about their country’s recovery. Young people are divided

between seeing a partial recovery and none at all.

Do you believe your country of residence has recovered from the economic downturn?

EDUCATION GAP WIDENS BETWEENS GULF EDUCATION GAP WIDENS BETWEENS GULF STATES AND OTHER ARAB COUNTRIES

EDUCATION

• There is a split among youth in the region on entering further education.
• Nine out of ten in UAE plan to go into further education in the future, while almost equal numbers in

Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan do not, reflecting the split between GCC and non‐GCC markets. 6%

Do you plan on going onto further education? Among those in full‐time education

• 6

48% 46%

Yes No Don't know

+3 +3 Red box shows change from 2009

INCREASING PREFERENCE TO WORK IN PRIVATE SECTOR, EAGERNESS TO START OWN BUSINESS OWN BUSINESS

FUTURE CAREERS

• The number of young people preferring to work for the government has declined slightly this
• year. It is particularly low in Egypt. The private sector has appeal in Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan and

Egypt.

• In the Gulf there is a greater appeal for government jobs
• In the Gulf, there is a greater appeal for government jobs

Would you prefer to work for the Government or the private sector? Among All

1 2 10 11 43 47 46 40

Government Private Sector No preference Don't know

2009 2010 52 19 1 4 10 13 37 64 GCC Non GCC

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

• Half of 18‐24 years olds in the region intend to start their own business in the next five years. Primarily

those in KSA, Oman and UAE carry the most entrepreneurial spirit.

• However, Egyptian youth are the least likely to see the potential of owning their own business and Iraqis

are unsure of their intention, potentially as a result of the current climate.

• There is a greater interest in starting a business in GCC countries and among Expats.

Do you intend to start your own business within the next five years? Among All

51% 32% 17%

Yes No Don't know

within the next five years? Among All

Don t know 10 9 20 9 4 27 19 24 10 12 26 17 17 90 66 64 53 53 48 37 33 29 29 62 32 50 58 10 26 16 38 43 25 44 43 61 9 26 41 33 26 20 9 27 19 24 10 61 12 26 17 17

KSA Oman UAE Qatar Bahrain Kuwait Jordan Lebanon Egypt Iraq GCC Non GCC Nationals Expats

INTERNET MAKES MORE INROADS, , WITH SOCIAL MEDIA GROWING IN INFLUENCE IN INFLUENCE

INTERNET USAGE

• Daily usage of the internet has grown overall this year. While under 3 in 5 used the Internet

daily in 2009, now 80% use it on a daily basis.

• Internet usage is equal in GCC and non‐GCC countries.

How often do you generally use the Internet? (% Daily) Among All 2010 (% Daily)

80% 80%

2010

56% 56%

2009

INTERNET USAGE

• The main online activities among Arab youth involve

listening to music and social networking.

• Online social networking has increased by almost a

third in the past 12 months and now almost one in third in the past 12 months and now almost one in five read blogs, reflecting the power of this medium in the region at the moment.

What do you do when you are online?

61 59 37 66 60 44 42

you are online? Among All +28%

32 37 31 27 32 32 18 15 5 29 16 14 22 9 33 26 25 23 21 20 18 18 12 11 10 6

+13% 2009 2010

INTERNET USAGE

• Social networking is most popular in Iraq and Egypt.

In Egypt this supports the widespread use of social media during the protests.

What do you do when you are online? Among All 83 72 69 67 64 59 57 55 Among All 55 49 36 25 15 18 25 16 17 17 19 11 18 6 13 12 9 9 13 10 12 14 10

Iraq Egypt Kuwait Jordan Bahrain Qatar Oman Lebanon UAE KSA

Social networking Read blogs Blogging

TELEVISION THE MOST POPULAR AND TELEVISION THE MOST POPULAR AND TRUSTED SOURCE OF NEWS

TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET

In your opinion what is the most trusted source of news?

• Television and newspapers are the most popular news sources. TV news channels are the

most trusted overall, particularly in Qatar. Trust is low in Kuwait and Egypt, but lowest in Bahrain.

• Trust is highest in TV news channels particularly in Qatar

Where do you get your news? Among All 11 3 most trusted source of news? Among All

• Trust is highest in TV news channels, particularly in Qatar.

Websites Other 60 19 TV news h l Newspapers 85 72 72

Qatar Iraq Lebanon

channels 72 71 71 58 55 45

Jordan KSA UAE Oman Kuwait

44 25

Egypt Bahrain

TRADITIONAL VALUES ARE PARAMOUNT TRADITIONAL VALUES ARE PARAMOUNT, WHILE PARENTS GROW IN INFLUENCE

VALUES AND INFLUENCE

• Traditional values and their preservation for future generations are extremely

important across the whole region, in both the GCC and non‐GCC countries. The feeling is particularly acute in Iraq and Bahrain.

Which of the following is closest to your view?

VALUES AND INFLUENCE

• Parents continue to have the most influence on life outlook for Arab youth in the

region.

• Family and friends have also increased as an influence.

How far would you say each of the following influence you and your outlook on life? (% very influential) Among All

VALUES AND INFLUENCE

• Religion is more influential in GCC countries. The immediate impact of parents,

family and friends has greater resonance in the non‐GCC countries.

81 79 87 77

How far would you say each of the following influence you and your outlook on life? (% very influential)

70 79 52 43 39 77 50 73 45

Among All

35 36 39 33 34 35 29 22 30 19 21 20 18 16

GCC Non GCC

INCREASE IN POSITIVE PERCEPTION OF GLOBAL POWERS, GROWING SENSE OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

FOREIGN RELATIONS

How favourable are you to the following countries? (% V f bl )

• European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on

favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.

(% Very favourable)

United Kingdom France Kingdom

FOREIGN RELATIONS

How favourable are you to the following countries?

• European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on

favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.

(% Very favourable)

69

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

23 1 5 2 9 12 36 26 17

I have travelled abroad I have not yet travelled I have no interest in I am planning to travel I would like to travel this year y abroad this year, but am planning to travelling abroad p g abroad in the next couple of years abroad, but currently cannot afford It

GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

• The concept of global citizenship is increasingly important for many 18‐24 year olds in the region,

particularly in Lebanon, Qatar, Oman and Iraq.

• UAE, Bahrain and Egypt place less importance on the notion in comparison to last year.
• Non GCC countries are more committed to the idea of global citizenship.

How important is the idea of global citizenship ‐ the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic, religious or national background ‐ to you? (% very important)

GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

• Global citizenship is less important in Bahrain and KSA. Just under half of young people in Bahrain

consider the idea to be important – the lowest number in the region.

How important is the idea of global citizenship ‐ the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic, religious or national background ‐ to you? (% very important)

UPDATE: POST‐PROTEST INSIGHTS

TOP 5 FINDINGS

• 1. Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but so is desire for stability
• 2. Concern about the cost of living, and corruption, continues to escalate
• 3. Increased frustration with domestic status quo
• 4. Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in their positive impact
• 5. Political views are increasingly liberal and forward‐looking

Methodology: Following unrest in the Middle East in January 2011, Penn Schoen Berland (PSB) conducted an additional 500 interviews in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq. Interviews were conducted among Arab national youth aged 18‐24. Fieldwork was conducted between February 26 March 5 2011 in capital cities February 26‐March 5, 2011, in capital cities.

IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY IS GREATER THAN EVER BUT SO IS DESIRE FOR STABILITY THAN EVER – BUT SO IS DESIRE FOR STABILITY

MOST IMPORTANT

• It is clear that living in a democratic country and domestic stability are important to young
• people. Living without fear of terrorism has grown in importance.
• While political issues are salient, there has been a growing importance of fundamental issues

While political issues are salient, there has been a growing importance of fundamental issues like family, being able to find a job, and having access to credit.

92 89

How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)

77 61 61 61 61 60 59 59 58 56 56 55 54 54 53 49 47 43 41 65 72 76 75 77 65 64 77 76 77 76 60 63 73 75 68 58 49

• Jan. 2011
• Feb. 2011

( y p ) Among All Added in Feb. 2011

MOST IMPORTANT

How important are each of the following to you? Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq Living in a democratic country 92 90 100 89 89 Domestic Stability 89 100 100 88 100 Having access to the best universities 55 85 70 47 74 Being paid a fair wage 86 69 75 57 70 Being able to get married and start a family 84 89 82 53 79 Having access to reliable healthcare 95 86 81 48 61 Owning my own home 83 96 82 58 68 Living in a safe neighbourhood 78 65 65 55 59 Having access to high speed internet 55 86 75 55 70 Living without fear of terrorism 81 89 80 53 76 Being able to find a job 86 84 83 65 61 Maintaining a close relationship with my family 84 90 95 55 69 Having the opportunities to excel in my career 71 85 86 47 75 Being able to afford luxuries 39 70 69 48 74 Having good infrastructure like electricity, clean water, safe roads 79 68 54 42 70 Ensuring equal rights/opportunities for women 80 87 73 52 73 g q g / pp Readily available credit from banks to start a business 68 90 90 38 71 Opportunities to emigrate 62 79 88 33 72 Preserving traditional values 52 72 49 55 60 Being able to travel and go on holidays when I want 37 66 47 35 62 Being able to travel and go on holidays when I want Denotes biggest increase from Jan. 2011

Note: Low bases, data is directional

CONCERN ABOUT THE COST OF LIVING, AND CORRUPTION CONTINUES TO ESCALATE AND CORRUPTION, CONTINUES TO ESCALATE

CONCERNS FOR 2011

• Unsurprisingly, political and economic issues are a growing concern for young people.

Increasingly corruption in government and lack of political franchise are a concern. Nevertheless, a desire to preserve traditional values endures.

79

• Since January, there has been an increase in concerns about healthcare, housing and law and
• rder.

How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? (% very concerned)

62 54 53 46 44 44 43 43 42 42 39 34 34 34 32 31 30 30 29 28 28 27 26 72 67 56 42 41 56 64 43 66 70 62 65 59 54 66 62 47 53 48 55 56 54 54 59 52

• Jan. 2011

Feb 2011 ( y ) Among All

30 30 29 28 28 27 26 24 24

• Feb. 2011

Added in Feb. 2011

INCREASED FRUSTRATION WITH DOMESTIC STATUS QUO STATUS QUO

COUNTRY’S DIRECTION

• Currently, there is a belief that their country of residence is heading in the wrong direction,

with a sharp decline in Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq among those who see the country as heading in the right direction.

38 66 12 2

Don't know

Among All

• There has been little change in the direction in which young Egyptians see their country as

heading.

Thinking about the last five years, do you think things in your country of residence are going in the right direction or are they going in the wrong direction? % Right direction

50 31 38 66

Don t know Wrong Direction Right Direction

68 55 57 31

• Jan. 2011
• Feb. 2011

50 38 35 55 57 31 33 38 19 41 26 Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

• Jan. 2011
• Feb. 2011

COUNTRY’S DIRECTION

• Egyptians are most likely to see their country heading in the right direction in the long term,

potentially reflecting the time that has elapsed since the large‐scale protests.

Thinking about the last couple of months, do you think things in your country of residence are going in the i ht di ti th i i th right direction or are they going in the wrong direction? 43 12 46 61 38 60 28 36 31 29 32 13 28 51 23 10 27 27 61 60 13

Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

Right direction at the moment Right direction in the long term Wrong direction Don’t know

SUPPORT OF PROTESTS IS HIGH, AND SO IS BELIEF IN THEIR POSITIVE IMPACT BELIEF IN THEIR POSITIVE IMPACT

IMPACT OF PROTESTS

• Three in four see the protests as having a positive impact in the lives of the people. Young

people in Egypt are the most positive, and least negative overall.

Do you believe these protests will have a positive or negative impact in the lives of the people in your country?

18 8 15 21 20 26 8 13 8 3 7 8 74 79 77 76 73 66

Don't know Negative Positive

Among All Egypt Bahrain Jordan Iraq Lebanon

SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS

• Young people are supportive of the protests in all the regions. Support is lowest among youth

in Bahrain, where they support the protests in their own countries, but are less supportive of

• thers.

How much do you support or not support the protests in..? Very supportive

• Support overall is lowest regarding events in Yemen.

81 81 78 74 71 94 66 69 69 85 80 79 76 75 81 89 93 82 89 66 90 79 80 91 81 86

Very supportive

52 66 59 61 51

Egypt Bahrain Tunisia Libya Yemen

Among all Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq Among all Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS

• Greatest agreement is for the stepping down of political leaders

Do you believe these protests will have a positive impact on the

• Greatest agreement is for the stepping down of political leaders.
• Strongest disagreement comes from the shutting down of the internet and communications

services during the protests, and the use of military to control them.

75 75 17 14 6 7 3 4

y p p p lives of the people in your country?

The calls for Qaddafi to step down in Libya The resignation of President Mubarak

66 63 62 23 30 28 8 5 7 4 1 3

Yemeni president declaring that he will not seek another term in office The resignation of President Ben Ali of Tunisia A call for constitutional reforms in Bahrain

61 60 50 28 20 24 8 10 12 3 10 14

King Abdullah’s dismissal of the Jordanian Cabinet and Prime Minister The protests represent the views

• f the citizens of these countries

President Bashir of Sudan announcing he will not seek another term

50 20 17 8 24 13 24 6 12 14 27 9 14 53 32 78

he will not seek another term The use of police and the military to control the protests The protesters represent the views of

• nly a minority in these countries

Shutting down of Internet/ comm. services

8 6 9 78

Agree a lot Agree somewhat Disagree somewhat Disagree a lot

g by the gov’t during the recent protests

SUPPORT OF PROTESTS

• It is clear that young people are supportive of the resignation of Mubarak, Gaddafi, the

Yemeni President, and Ben Ali, and they see the protests as representing the views of the

• people. In Bahrain, this support is less pronounced.

75 75 82 77 83 86 83 83 73 76 70 91 74 77 74 79 70 72

How far do you agree or disagree with th f ll i ?

66 63 62 61 60 50 68 53 48 55 64 63 70 44 67 44 61 61 57 38 57 59 47 47 57 40 54 39 66 70 56 65

the following? Agree a lot

20 17 8 22 5 20 19 24 1 26 20 10 28 13 5 7 24 3

Resignation of President Mubarak of Egypt Calls for Gaddafi to step down in Libya Yemeni president declaring he will not seek another term Resignation of President Ben Ali of Tunisia Call for constitutional reforms in Bahrain King Abdulla's dismissal of Jordanian Cabinet and PM Protests represent the views of the citizens of these countries

• Pres. Bashir of

Sudan announcing he will not seek another term Use of police and the military to control the protests Protesters represent the views of only a minority Shutting down

• f internet/

comms services by gov't during protests

Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

CAUSE OF PROTESTS

• The desire for greater democracy is seen as the biggest contributing factor to the protests
• verall, and in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq. In Bahrain, in particular, the economic

downturn is a cause, though economic issues resonate across all markets.

98 93 89 97 92

• In Jordan and Lebanon, foreign influence in the region is seen to have been impactful.

Thinking about the recent protests in the region, what do you believe contributed to these situations in the Middle East?

86 79 77 74 71 66 65 61 59 54 86 80 85 82 58 64 63 62 53 88 80 89 72 75 68 81 56 80 76 72 80 76 62 73 80 60 56 68 53 56 52 54 52 81 76 80 75 62 73 56 70 52

Very influential

36 52 52 46 27 48 52

Desire for greater democracy Economic downturn Unemployment Reaction against corruption in Rising cost of living Standard of living in your country of Desire for greater human rights The gap between the rich and the Foreign influence in the region The loss of traditional values and democracy corruption in public life country of residence rights rich and the poor region values and culture

Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

ROLE IN PROTESTS

• The majority have not participated in anti‐Government protests, but they either know people

who have or have participated in other ways.

74

Which of the following apply to you?

31 31 47 21 23 26 35 40 31 42 27 29 40 22 20 15 21 23 15 21 11 16 7 11 3 4 7 10 22 10 21

I have not been involved in the anti‐Government street protests but I know people who have Though I have not participated in the anti‐Government street protests, I have participated in

• ther ways

I read/posted messages about it

• n Facebook (or other social

networking site like Orkut or Friendster) I have participated in the anti‐ Government street protests I read/posted videos about it on YouTube

Base Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

POLITICAL VIEWS ARE INCREASINGLY LIBERAL AND FORWARD LOOKING AND FORWARD‐LOOKING

POLITICAL VIEWS

• Young people have become increasingly politicised since the unrest. They are either

increasingly liberal in their outlook, or less apathetic.

Liberal Centre Conservative No political views 72 26 26 3 17 62 29 19 10 5 33 16 1 7 12 62

F b 2011

• Jan. 2011
• Feb. 2011
• Jan. 2011

20 36 19 25

• Jan. 2011

Egypt Lebanon 67 46 72 12 42 17 19 10 10 2 2 1

• Feb. 2011
• Jan. 2011
• Feb. 2011

Jordan 67 12 27 10 17 24 35 29 15 63 26 12 1 1 12 49

F b 2011

• Jan. 2011
• Feb. 2011
• Jan. 2011

51 22 20 6

• Feb. 2011

Iraq Bahrain 67 17 15 1

• Feb. 2011

q

TRADITIONAL VALUES

• Traditional values endure, but there has been a movement toward embracing modern values

and beliefs. This is particularly acute in Lebanon and Iraq.

20 Traditional values mean a lot to me, and ought to be preserved for generations to come. Traditional values are out‐dated and belong in the past. I am keen to embrace modern values and beliefs. 82 18

• Jan. 2011

71 71 87 85 29 29 13 15

• Feb. 2011
• Jan. 2011
• Feb. 2011
• Jan. 2011

Egypt Jordan

48 85 52 15

• Feb. 2011
• Jan. 2011

Lebanon

71 29

• Feb. 2011

58 94 90 91 42 6 10 9

• Feb. 2011
• Jan. 2011
• Feb. 2011
• Jan. 2011

Iraq Bahrain

SUMMARY: TOP FINDINGS

1.

An enduring desire for democracy

1.

Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but

2010 2011

2.

Anxiety grows about rising cost of living

3.

Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern

4.

Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook

5

so is desire for stability

2.

Concern about the cost of living, and corruption, continues to escalate

3

Increased frustration with domestic status quo

5.

Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab countries

6.

Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to start own business

3.

Increased frustration with domestic status quo

4.

Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in their positive impact

5.

Political views are increasingly liberal and forward‐ start own business

7.

Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in influence

8.

Television the most popular and trusted source of news looking

9.

Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in influence

• 10. More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of

global citizenship

March 15, 2011 March 15, 2011

www.arabyouthsurvey.com | www.asdaa.com