LTD Neutrinos, Dark matters SuperMS RIIF Nam (NIST), SSPD +Semi., - - PDF document

RIIF SuperMS

Biennial workshop on Low Temperature Detectors

The Neutrinos for everybody

AIST, JAXA, Uni. Tokyo, JSPS First LTD in Asia

LTD-13, LTD-13, US, 2009 LTD-14, Japan again or EU?, 2011 LTD-1(Munich) 1987

RIIF SuperMS

LTD

Enss (Heidelberg), MMC+SQUID, X-ray

Kilbourne (NASA), Irwin (NIST), TES+SQUID, X-ray Mitsuda (JAXA)

Constellation-X!

2.27+/-0.17 eV 2 ms

Nam (NIST), SSPD +Semi., infrared Wang (NICT), SSPD+Semi., infrared Fukuda (AIST), TES+SQUID, infrared

AIST SQUID

Wang (NICT +AIST), SSLD+Semi., atoms to proteins Ohkubo et al.(AIST), STJ+FET, atoms to proteins

1.55m 400 kHz counting

TES The largest particle detector

IgG Neutrinos, Dark matters

Quantum communication X-ray satellite Biomolecules Nuclear fuels

Friedrich (LLNL) STJ+Semi. SR

Material analysis

with synchrotron radiation

RIIF SuperMS

• M. Ohkubo, AIST

Superconducting detectors for particles from atoms to proteins

RIIF SuperMS

Why do we need superconductors ?

3 keV Acetone: 100 km/s IgG: 2 km/s IgM: 770 m/s

+

molecules

v

Projected range < 10 nm

• r landing

5 eV

241Am

!"#$%&'()&-particle 16,000 km/s

Electrons! ~MeV atoms

The answer is because superconducting detectors are very good phonon sensors. 3-30 keV v

detector

RIIF SuperMS

Superconducting phonon detection

DOS of electrons DOS of quasielectrons

2 =3.1 meV Eg =1.12 eV

Density of states

gap gap

Si Nb

Si Nb

DOS of phonons

Debye energy(D)

=24 meV (Nb) =56 meV (Si)

Band structure

Conduction band Valence band

EF E

2=~meV

Cooper-pair Energy()

No mass dependence & Kinetic energy measurement for biomolecules even at landing

RIIF SuperMS

What do we measure with superconducting devices ?

nucleus Golgi complex Mitochondria Ribosomes

15 m [4]：bases ATGC [64]：codon（three bases → an amino acid） [20]：amino acids [100,000]：proteins

nuclear membrane! nuclear pore!

DNA RNA

RNA polymerase!

ribosome! protein!

Proteomics

RIIF SuperMS

MRI T2

Biomaker discovery

Malignant lymphoma in the right thorax (Cancer in lymphatic system)

pathological diagnosis!

55 kDa IL-2R on B cell

RIIF SuperMS

MCP

MALDI 20 keV (Nobel prize in 2002)

High Voltage

UV-laser

Ground

t Time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer

Detection efficiency

100%

*!

Molecular mass

Detection efficiency for a biomarker,sIL-2R, is 2-3 %.

55 kDa

4000

Superconducting detectors Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization

RIIF SuperMS

Conventional particle detectors

10 mm

Microchannel plate detector for biomolecules Si surface barrier detector for high energy particles

Secondary electron multiplier

(very poor E resolution , 100% < 4,000 Da)

Electron-hole pair creation

(no sensitivity for biomolecules)

Au or Al

x106

e

SE

3-30 keV 3-30 keV (4 eV/C)

Si ~50 nm

E

RIIF SuperMS

Our particle detectors

can be seen by a digital camera. FDP-53 Y. Chen et al. (Wed) 10 mm

RIIF SuperMS

Phonon creation

• Uncovered Nb electrode
• Large junction
• Extremely low leakage current

commonly used detector quality

200m

RIIF SuperMS

Particles

IgG

146 kDa 14.6kDa Lysozyme(enzyme) 66.4 kDa

BSA C60 720

Acetone 58.08 CH3COCH3

C 12

CnF2n+2

Perfluorokerosene 900

Agn

n = 1,3,5,7

107.9 - 755

polystyrene

100k - 2M Da Ribosome 2.5 MDa

MW = 12 - 2,000,000 E = 3 - 20 keV

immunoglobulin(antibody)

Peptides 2,000

cerebrum of mouse 200 kDa

RIIF SuperMS

100m-square

C60

32% 32%

SiO2 700 nm

RIIF SuperMS

Protein aggregation

250kDa 100kDa

Lysozym

(14,350 Da enzyme, nasal drip) Aggregation cause an amyloidosis (renal damage).

AXIMA Super MS

++ 1

2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 6

++

1 7 8 9 10 11 12

Abnormal protein (prion)

• helix++-sheet

RIIF SuperMS

FDP-54 Y. Kobayashi et al. (Wed)

Fragmentation in a high mass range IgG

RIIF SuperMS

Superconducting stripline detector (SSLD)

Fabricated by Z. Wang et al., NICT NbN nanowire detector 200 nm

NbN(50 x 50 m, t = 7 nm)

MALDI ion source

4 K

Cryostat

can be faster than 100 ps (90 ns in STJ) Time resolution is essential for MS.

• K. Irwin(NIST)
• R. Cristiano, C.N.R. - Institute of Cybernetics

Superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) Superconducting nanowire detector (SND) Transition edge sensor (TES) Superconducting strip after Andrew in 1949

RIIF SuperMS

Detection of a peptide and protein

1.3 kDa 66.4 kDa

Falltime = 35 ns

RIIF SuperMS

FDP-52 K. Suzuki, et al. (Wed)

+ ++

bovine serum albumin (BSA) 64.4 kDa

SSLD

MCP/scintillator/photomultiplier

First mass spectrum with SSLD

The same peak ratio as that by STJ

Broad peak is due to the sample.

540 ps risetime (90 ns in STJ). Mass independent sensitivity is expected.

RIIF SuperMS

CH7-1

A superconducting particle spectrometer

0.3 K

25K 3K 3He pot

PT 3He

NbTi

0.3 K

25K 3K

100 STJ array

8 m m 100 channel TOF and kinetic energy

IR analog Digital(5ns)

Mark of molecule landing

Needs for superconducting data processing

• STJ: 1ns, 0.5pA/Hz, 100ch (t and E)
• SSLD: 0.1ns 10ch (t only)

RIIF SuperMS

Ion sources for atoms and macromolecules

IR-MALDI

9.4T and 12T FT-MS

ESI

MALDI

MCP

MALDI

High Voltage

UV laser 337nm

Ground

TOF

~ 2 MDa, ~20 keV < 4,500Da, < 3 keV MALDI TOF-MS Double-focusing MS (EI/CI/FAB)

Alzheimer's disease!

• N. Zen, et al.

RIIF SuperMS

MS market in Japan

ESI

MALDI, ESI Nobel prize MALDI, ESI Nobel prize

RIIF SuperMS

7 July, 2007

Superspectroscopy group

• A. Kurokawa, M. Ukibe, T. Itatani, I. Chen, K. Takahashi, Y. Chen, S. Shiki, K. Suzuki, Y. Shimizugawa, K. Chiba, Y. Kobayahsi, kids, and M. Ohkubo

Particles

• H. Sato
• K. Teramoto
• T. Kinumi
• Y. Shigeri

9AM 16 May, 2006

• Y. Sato
• S. Tomita
• S. Hayakawa
• S. Miki
• Z. Wang

岡崎統合バイオ

• M. Setou