Local Foods: Tracy Murphy , MD, state epidemiologist, Wyoming Dept. - - PDF document

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Local Foods: Tracy Murphy , MD, state epidemiologist, Wyoming Dept. - - PDF document

Presenters & Moderator Local Foods: Tracy Murphy , MD, state epidemiologist, Wyoming Dept. of Health Safety, Freedom & Warrie Means , PhD, assoc. prof., UWyo Dept. of Animal Science Other Values in Conflict Dean Finkenbinder , MPA, BA,


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Local Foods:

Safety, Freedom & Other Values in Conflict

Friday, September 25, 2009 part of

Food Safety, Security & Sources: A Recipe for Tough Times

September 24-25, 2009 – Laramie, Wyoming

Slides to be accessible through the “Program” link at www.uwyo.edu/consumerconference

University of Wyoming

Presenters & Moderator

Tracy Murphy, MD, state epidemiologist, Wyoming Dept. of Health Warrie Means, PhD, assoc. prof., UWyo Dept. of Animal Science Dean Finkenbinder, MPA, BA, manager,

Consumer Health Services, Wyo Dept. of Ag

Deborah Paulson, PhD, co-founder, Laramie Local Food Group Marla Petersen, manager, Big Hollow Food Co-op, Laramie Jill Klawonn, BS, co-owner/operator, High Point Bison, Pine Bluffs Renée King, MS, Meat & Food Science Instructor, Sheridan College

Local Foods: Safety, Freedom & Other Values in Conflict

University of Wyoming

September 25, 2009

Overall Guiding Ideas / Concepts / Questions

Safety Availability Affordability

  • f

Local Foods

Local Foods: Safety, Freedom & Other Values in Conflict

University of Wyoming

September 25, 2009

Why are these dimensions / factors / characteristics / important?

What can be done to achieve them or increase the likelihood of achieving them?

Tracy D. Murphy, MD State Epidemiologist Wyoming Department of Health

Foodborne Illness in WY

 Foodborne illnesses do indeed occur in WY  1,012 cases of Campylobacter, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella reported to WDH 2003- 2008  In 2008 WDH epidemiologists investigated 12

  • utbreaks with food as likely source

Foodborne Illness

 Where does foodborne illness originate?

 Majority of illness that is likely due to

contaminated food occurs sporadically (not part of larger outbreak)

 Of the 1,012 cases of Campylobacter, E. coli,

Salmonella, Shigella reported 2003-2008, approx. 70% were sporadic

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Foodborne Illness

 Most cases of foodborne illness occur as a result of

the food handling and preparation practices of persons in their own kitchens

 Well documented outbreaks of foodborne illness

due to botulism, other Clostridium species, Salmonella, Campylobacter, others, from consumption of home produced food, including commercial sales of home produced food

Foodborne Illness

 Restaurants (contaminated food, infected food

handlers)

 Mass produced, commercially available food

Foodborne Illness

 Virtually any food or drink can become contaminated with disease causing organisms and cause illness  It is FALSE that only certain hazardous foods can spread disease  179 documented outbreaks resulting in 4,904 illnesses linked to breads, cakes, pies, other bakery items in U.S. 1990-2006 (Center for Science in

the Public Interest, Dec 2008)

Foodborne Illness

 Raw (unpasteurized) milk leading cause of Campylobacter outbreaks in WY  WDH investigated 3 outbreaks, resulting in 18 illnesses, of Campylobacter associated with raw milk 2003-2008  More isolated cases identified that were likely due to raw milk or milk products

Foodborne Illness

 U.S. 2006, 10 outbreaks linked to raw milk, caused by Campylobacter, E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria (CDC MMWR 2009;58:609-15)  April 2009, cluster of Campylobacter illness associated with cow sharing program, CO  29 cases Salmonella caused by raw dairy products, PA, 2007 (Lind L, et al. MMWR 2007;56:1161-4)  18 cases E. coli O157:H7 in WA, OR caused by raw milk, 2005 (Denny J, et al. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2008;5:321-8)

 Most cases were < 14 years of age

Foodborne Illness

 Not restricted to microorganisms  U.S., 2006, outbreaks due to

 Natural toxins  Cleaning agents  Other chemicals  Outbreak resulting in 11 illnesses due to

contamination of baked goods with floor sealant

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3 Food Safety vs. Food Freedom FOOD SAFETY, SECURITY AND SOURCES

A Recipe for Tough Times 2009 Consumer Issues Conference Warrie J. Means, Ph.D. Associate Professor Meat Science Extension Specialist Department of Animal Science University of Wyoming

World Vital Events Per Time Unit, 2009

Time unit Births Deaths Natural increase Year 134,434,533 56,622,740 77,811,793 Month 11,202,878 4,718,562 6,484,316 Day 368,314 155,131 213,183 Hour 15,346 6,464 8,883 Minute 256 108 148 Second 4.3 1.8 2.5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base.

The Census Bureau's new projections indicate that the 7 billion marker will be reached in July of 2012.

Population Clocks U.S. 307,394,775 World 6,782,906,058 21:11 GMT (EST+5) Sep 08, 2009

Biological hazards present the greatest risk!!!

Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters

  • f foods affect microbial growth
  • Intrinsic parameters: inherent part of

animal or plant tissue

  • Extrinsic parameters: properties of the

storage environment that affect both the foods and their microorganisms

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4 INTRINSIC and EXTRINSIC PARAMETERS OF FOODS

Intrinsic

  • pH
  • Moisture Content, Aw
  • Oxidation/Reduction

Potential

  • Nutrient Content
  • Antimicrobial Constituents
  • Biological Structures

Extrinsic

  • Temperature of Storage
  • Relative Humidity
  • Presence and Concentration
  • f Gases

Estimated total illnesses and Percent food borne transmission, est. 1997

Estimated total Cases % Foodborne transmitions Bacteria Camplyobacter spp 2,453,926 80 Salmonella, nontyphoidal 1,412,498 95 Shigella spp. 448,240 20 Clostridium perfringens 248,520 100 Staphylococcus food poisoning 185,060 100 Yersinia enterocolitica 96,368 90

  • E. coli , enterotoxigenic

79,420 70

  • E. coli , other diarrheogenic

79,420 30 Escherichia coli O157-H7 73,480 85

  • E. coli , non-O157-H7 STEC

36,740 85 Listeria monocytogenes 2,518 99 Salmonella Typhib 824 80 Other Bacteria 85,920 Subtotal 5,204,934 Mead et al, 1999 Preliminary FoodNet Data

  • n the Incidence of

Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food --- 10 States, 2007

HACCP: Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point

  • An approach to food safety that involves

evaluation and prevention of hazards from the farm to the table

  • A preventative system of quality/safety control

7 Steps of HACCP

  • 1. Hazard Analysis
  • 2. Determine Critical Control Points (CCPs)

CCP- any point where loss of control could result in an unacceptable food safety risk

  • 3. Establish Critical Limits (CLs)
  • 4. Establish Monitoring Procedures
  • 5. Establish Corrective Action (CA)
  • 6. Establish Effective Record-Keeping Systems
  • 7. Establish Procedures for verification

Pathogenic bacteria of primary concern and impact on regulations

  • Escherichia coli O157:H7: HUS, acid resistant
  • Clostridium perfringens: spore former,

designed cooling parameters

  • Salmonella sp.: relatively heat resistant,

designed pasteurization time/temperatures

  • Staphylococcus aureus: heat stable toxin
  • Listeria monocytogenes: G+, survives well in

food processing environments

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Pasteurization Kill Step

Meat Pasteurization

Temperature, °F Time 130 112 min. 135 36 min. 140 12 min. 145 4 min. 150 67 sec. 155 22 sec. 160 0 sec.

Milk Pasteurization

Temperature, °F Time 145 30 min. 161 15 sec. 190 1 sec. 194 0.5 sec. 201 0.1 sec. 204 0.5 sec. 212 0.01 sec.

Food Safety is no Accident!

  • Based on scientifically valid concepts.
  • Use data to determine risks.
  • Zero risk is currently unattainable.
  • Things will go wrong!

Thank you

Dean Finkenbinder Manager, Consumer Health Services Wyoming Department of Agriculture

Regulations- What’s In Place & Why

Wyoming Food, Drug & Cosmetic Safety Act

  • Wyoming Statute 35-7-110-127

(Revisions through Legislature)

  • Adopt by reference:

Code of Federal Regulations

  • Title 9 & 21
  • Federal Meat Inspection Act
  • Poultry Products Inspection Act

Regulations- What’s In Place & Why Regulations- What’s In Place & Why

Wyoming Food Safety Rule (Revisions through Amendments)

  • FDA Food Code (Model)
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Regulations- What’s In Place & Why

Why do we have regulations? 1) Scientific evidence 2) Bad actors 3)No guarantees

Regulations- What’s In Place & Why

Regulations effect on local foods 1) What can be sold without a license and inspection 2) When a license and inspection is required

Regulations- What’s In Place & Why

Thank you

Deborah Paulson

Co-Founder Laramie Local Food Group Values behind the local food movement

  • Quality and freshness
  • Food safety
  • Producer-consumer relationships based on

transparency, trust and direct accountability

  • Community
  • Support local businesses and local economy
  • Producers and consumers building strong

community, not simply economic relationship

Values behind the local food movement

  • Humane treatment of farm animals
  • Fair treatment of farm workers
  • Environmental stewardship
  • Food security
  • reduce vulnerability in our food system
  • no food deserts (rural or urban)
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  • Failures of the existing agri-food system to

provide these values has stimulated a search for alternatives.

  • With organics now largely captured by

dominant agri-food system, local food movement is latest manifestation of alternative.

Challenges for the local alternative

  • Producing adequate supplies and

diversity of food year-round

  • Affordability of local food – finding

efficiencies that are compatible with values

  • Competition with highly subsidized

industrial food system

  • Policies and regulations designed for

large-scale, industrial agri-food system If we are to encourage more local food production, we need to design food safety policies and regulations that fit the scale and realities of local producers

Thank you Marla la Pet etersen en

Manager Big Hollow Food Co-op Laramie

  • Retail outlet for local producers
  • Membership owned
  • Currently providing local produce, eggs,

milk, meat and other items to the Laramie community

Big Hollow w Food Co-op

  • p
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Challen allenges ges of local al produ ducers ers

Lack of clear guidelines or the

regulations

Regulations tend to favor large

producers

Different regulations from state

to state—crossing state lines

Challen allenges ges of local al produ ducers ers

Cost of doing business—the

real cost of food

Distribution Proximity of facilities for

producers

Product safety

Chal allenge enges of being g a retailer er selling ng local al foods ds

Education of the customer

about the value/cost of local products

Product availability Supply and demand Clear understanding of

regulations

Thank k you

Jill Klawonn

Co-owner/operator, High Point Bison Pine Bluffs, Wyoming

A Producer’s Challenges

  • n

Providing Safe, Available & Affordable Red Meat to Local Consumers

  • 1. Information
  • A. Availability
  • B. Different information from

the same office

  • C. Expense of licensing
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  • 2. USDA Processor
  • A. Distance
  • B. Expense
  • C. Amenable Species Act /

Farm Bill

  • 3. Liability
  • A. Insurance expenses &

requirements

  • B. Risk tolerance
  • 4. Marketing Issues
  • A. Retail outlets
  • B. Farmers’ markets
  • C. Consumer direct
  • 5. Suggested Changes
  • A. Help a Wyoming processor gain

USDA status

  • B. Funding options for insurance

and infrastructure

  • C. Legislative support for changing

Amenable Species Act

Thank you

Renée Gebault King Meat & Food Science Instructor Sheridan College

54 2009 Consumer Issues Conference

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 Historically

  • Consumers spent upwards of 25% of their

disposable income on food

  • Farmers earned a sustainable income from food

sales

 Today

  • Consumers spend <10% of their disposable income
  • n food—a very small percentage compared to the

rest of the world

  • Farmers typically earn <$0.20 for every $1.00 paid

by the consumer for food

2009 Consumer Issues Conference 55

 Historically

  • Communities once supported themselves almost

entirely with local food production

  • Rural economies thrived and fed themselves
  • Consumers knew their farmers

 Today

  • Communities rely primarily on large-scale,

decentralized food production and distribution systems

  • Most of our food travels an average of 1500-3000

miles to reach us

  • Consumers are disconnected from production

agriculture

56 2009 Consumer Issues Conference

 Historically

  • Foodborne illness has always been a concern
  • Unregulated use of toxic food colorants and

chemical preservatives was common practice

  • Sanitation practices were primitive

 Today

  • Consumers enjoy a safe, clean food supply
  • Cutting-edge science is used to enhance the safety
  • f food processing and distribution
  • A safe, sanitary food supply enhances commerce

57 2009 Consumer Issues Conference

 Open a dialogue  Understand the other side of the issue  Work with your local legislators and food

professionals to find common ground

 Recognize the contributions of modern food

science to food safety

58 2009 Consumer Issues Conference 2009 Consumer Issues Conference 59

Thank you to all presenters

Audience Questions / Comments ?

Slides to be accessible through the “Agenda” link at www.uwyo.edu/consumerconference

University of Wyoming

September 25, 2009