[PPT] - LMC 2001- present Professor Karen Scrivener, FREng 1980-1984 PhD PowerPoint Presentation

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LMC 2001- present

Professor Karen Scrivener, FREng

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5 hr 10 hr 24 hr

Development of Microstructure during the Hydration of Portland Cement

1980-1984 PhD Imperial College

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Backscattered Electron Imaging

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What is relevance?

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1995-2001 LCR, Lafarge: Head of Calcium Aluminate Research

Academia to Industry UK to France

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March 2001: Laboratory of Construction Materials EPFL

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How to be relevant in Academia?

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Creation of NANOCEM

May 2002: first meeting, 6 partners, Paris
Unsuccessful bid for EU network of excellence
March 2003: Decision to form independent consortium
May 2004: signature of consortium agreement

n Continuing activity - indefinite duration

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An Industrial Academic Partnership for Fundamental Research

n Cementitious Materials

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Partner research projects

€s

For Core research programme

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ACADEMIA INDUSTRY

Long term advance

f knowledge

Integration of knowledge into new products and processes

Areas where lack of understanding or quantitative measurement blocks progress Interpretation of knowledge and clarification of possible progress areas

Industrial - academic dialog

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Industrial partners

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Academic partners

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What does this mean for LMC?

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Personnel of LMC: ~10 PhD students; 4 postdocs 1 senior researcher; 4 technical staff, visitors

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Microstructural Modelling Quantitative Microstructural Characterisation

Our approach

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Research areas

Hydration Durability

Transport properties ASR Sulfate attack

Specialist binders “Green” cement and concrete

carbonation

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Composition, Mixing, Time, Temperature, RH, etc

Microstructure lies at the heart link between composition and performance

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Microstructural analysis methods

XRD Electron Microscopy - SEM/TEM Proton NMR MIP, TGA, etc

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10 20 30 40 50 60 100 200 300 Intensity 2q(°)

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Microstructural analysis methods

n Sample preparation n Calorimetry n Chemical shrinkage n XRD n Electron Microscopy

SEM/TEM

n Proton NMR n MIP, TGA, etc

Written mostly by the students doing the experiments

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Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Confédération suisse Confederazione Svizzera Confederaziun svizra Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC

5th

th Do

Doctoral school LC3

Characterisation methods of blended cements 23rd – 26th April 2019 EPFL, Lausanne Switzerland

www.LC3.ch

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MOOC launched September 2017

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Includes lectures and practical demonstrations:

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All available on U tube

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Nowadays global warming is biggest challenge facing us

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n 830 Billion Tons carbon dioxide!

This is the CO2-budget remaining to be emitted if we want to keep

global warming at a maximum of 2 Degrees Celsius temperature increase.

n Emissions in 2017: 36.79 billion tonnes n At this rate we will exceed this amount in 23 years – 2041! n Even if we cut emissions by 50% tomorrow

it will be exceeded in 46 years

n We do not have 100 years to wait for Nanotechnology to deliver! n WE NEED TO ACT NOW

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Cement Based Materials: cannot be replaced by alternatives

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 Cementitious Wood Ceramic Iron Lime Asphalt Glass Aluminium Copper Materials production (Mt/year)

Cementitious materials make up ~50%

f everything we produce.

In the light of this, CO2 emissions of 5-10% very good

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What is available on earth?

Na2O K2O Fe2O3 MgO CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Too soluble Too low mobility in alkaline solutions The most useful

Mg K rest Na Ca Fe Al Si O

Slag cement blend

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Al2O3 CaO Portland Cement Calcium aluminate / calcium sulfo aluminate BUT, what sources of minerals are there which contain Al2O3 >> SiO2 ? Bauxite – localised, under increasing demand for Aluminium production, EXPENSIVE Even if all current bauxite production diverted would still only replace 10-15% of current demand. SiO2

Hydraulic minerals in system CaO-SiO2-Al2O3

Less CaO > less CO2

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Portland based cements will continue to dominate

Blended cements are the most realistic option to reduce CO2 and extend resources

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2000 4000 6000

Calcined Clay Filler Portland cement Fly ash Slag Natural Pozzolan Vegetable ashes waste glass silica fume

Mt/yr Used Available

limestone

Availability of SCMs

Classic SCMs – fly ash and slag are

nly around 15% of current cement

production, will drop to < 10% in near future

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LC3

LC3 is a family of cements, the figure refers to the clinker content

50% less clinker
30% less CO2
Similar strength
Better chloride resistance
ASR resistant

20 40 60 80 100 PC PPC30 LC3-50 LC3-65 Mass proportion (%)

Gypsum Limestone Calcined clay Clinker 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

PC LC3-50

Compressive strength (MPa) 1 day 7 days 28 days 90 days

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Huge amounts of suitable clays presently stockpiled as waste

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Trial productions in Cuba and India

Housing materials produced in factories by unskilled workers with no special training at 1:1 replacement

7 t

n

n e s C O 2 s a v e d

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Global cement production Billion tons/year Clinker factor, global average % Global SCM volume Billion tones/year Global CO2 reduction Million tones/year 2006 2.6 79 0.5 2050 (CSI study) 4.4 73 1.2 200 2050 (with LCC) 4.4 60 1.8 600

Global potential of LC3 ∆ = 400 million tonnes per yr > whole of CO2 emissions

f France

Potential impact of LC3 technology

IEA: International Energy Agency study for CSI: Cement Sustainability Initiative

f WBCSD: World Business

Council for Sustainable Development

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But LMC is much more than LC3

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40 PhD Theses

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Lucie Baillon

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Severine Lamberet

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Mohsen Ben Haha

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Xinyu Zhang

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Prakash Mathur

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Julien Kigelman

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Thomas Schmidt*

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Shashank Bishnoi

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Mercedes Costoya

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Ines Jaoudi

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Rodrigo Fernandez

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Christophe Gosslin

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Cyrille Dunant

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Vanessa Kocaba

35 n

Patrick Juilland

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Ruzena Chamrova

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Aude Chabrelie

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Carolina Prieto

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Alexandra Quennoz

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Belay Dinesa*

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Wolfgang Kunther*

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Aditya Kumar

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Olga Chowaniec

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Theodore Chappex

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Hui Chen

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Quang Huy Do

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Alain Giorla

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Mathieu Antoni

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Amelie Bazzoni

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Mo Zalzale

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John Rossen*

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Arnaud Muller

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Julien Bizzozeo

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Emelie l’Hopital*

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Elise Berodier

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Luis Baquerizo

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Berta Mota Gasso

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Pawel Durdzinski

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Zhangli Hu

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Francois Avet

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Frank Bullerjahn * with Barbara Lothenbach

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MXG 2nd floor Take stairs up one floor

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Coming soon…… “the book”

More than 100 journal publications More than 20 nationalities

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Many Thanks

Especially to Lab staff: Philippe Simonin; Lionel Sofia Secretarial staff: Maude Schneider; Anne Sandra Hofer and their predecessors Nanocem organizer: Marie Alix Dalang

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Funders

n EPFL n Swiss National Science Foundation n Nanocem n European Union n Federal Office for Dam Surveillance n Kerneos Aluminate Technologies n Holcim n Heidelberg n SCG n GCC n Grace n Cemsuisse

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