Living in a Parallel World: mirror dark matter, dark gravity, etc. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Living in a Parallel World: mirror dark matter, dark gravity, etc. Zurab Berezhiani Universit di L Aquila and LNGS Gran Sasso, Italy Dark Matter Connection .... , GGI, Florence, 16-20 May 2010 Dark Side as parallel sector, etc ... - p.
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Università di L ’Aquila and LNGS Gran Sasso, Italy
demonstration
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QCD etc.
demonstration
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■ ΩB ≃ 0.04
■ ΩD ≃ 0.20
■ ΩΛ ≃ 0.75
demonstration
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demonstration
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Logaa0
20 40 LogΡGeV4 Bgenesis ΕCP... DMfreezing Σann... Today MR Ρ ΡB ΡDM Ρrada4 Ρmata3
demonstration
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Logaa0
20 40 LogΡGeV4 Bgenesis ΕCP... Today MR Ρ ΡB ΡDM Ρrada4 Ρmata3
MXnX MBnB ∼ 1
demonstration
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demonstration
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8
W ≫ MW - shadow dark matter:
W /MW
demonstration
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L
L
L = (u′, d′)t L
L = (ν′, e′)t L
R d′ R
R
R
R
R = (˜
R
R = (˜
R
L ˜
L
L
Yuk = f ′ LY ′ ˜
Lφ′ + ˜
RY ′∗f ′ R ˜
demonstration
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W /MW ≫ 1 ...
1 102 104 106 ΜGeV 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Α31Μ Α3 Α3’
’SUSY
W :
e/me ≃ M ′ W /MW ,
ν/mν ≃ (M ′ W /MW )2
W :
N/MN ∼ Λ′/Λ ∼ (M ′ W /MW )0.28
W /MW ∼ 100, we have m′ e ∼ 50 MeV and M ′ N ∼ 5 GeV
demonstration
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■ photon - mirror photon kinetic mixing
µν
Glashow ’86
■ meson - mirror meson mixing:
1 M2 (uγ5u − dγ5d)(u′γ5u′ − d ′γ5d′), 1 M2 (dγ5s)(d ′γ5s′)
1 M2 (dγ5s)(dγ5s)
demonstration
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■ neutrino - mirror neutrino mixing (ν − ν′) – effective operators :
■ neutron - mirror neutron mixing (n − n′) – effective operators :
■ hydrogen - mirror hydrogen mixing – effective operators :
demonstration
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νν′
1 M
demonstration
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■ at the BBN epoch, T ∼ 1 MeV, g∗ = gSM ∗
■ if T ′ = T , mirror world would give the same contribution:
∗
∗
■ If T ′ < T , then geff ∗
∗
■ Paradigm – different initial conditions & weak contact :
CMB/TCMB
ν/6.14 = x−4 ≫ 1 1H
4He
1H′
4He′
demonstration
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■ Heavy gauge singlet fermions Na,
iaφ′l′ iNa + 1 2MgabNaNb
■ D=5
A M llφφ + A′ M l′l′φ′φ′ + D M ll′φφ′
■ They generate also processes like lφ → ˜
■ The same reactions generate B′-L′ =0 ( → B′=0)
demonstration
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CP
CP = Im Tr[(y′†y′)∗g−1(y†y)g−2(y′†y′)g−1]
demonstration
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dnB−L dt
4∆σ n2 eq dn′
B−L
dt
B−L + Γ′n′ B−L = 3 4∆σ′ n2 eq
eq/M 2 is the effective reaction rate of ∆L′ = 1 and ∆L′ = 2
eq/neq ≃ x3 ;
3εCP S 32π2M4
BL;
BL = D(kx3) · Y (0) BL
BL ≈ 2 × 10−3 εCP MP lT 3
R
g3/2
∗
M4
demonstration
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R
g3/2
∗
M4
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ΩB Ω′
B = D(k) ≃ 0.2 − 1
demonstration
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M ll′φφ′ (∆L=1)
1 M5 (udd)(u′d′d′) (∆B =1)
demonstration
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dec ≃ 1 xzdec
J becomes smaller than the Hubble horizon before
S ∼ 5x5/4 eq (x/xeq)3/2(ΩMh2)−3/4 Mpc
demonstration
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200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 l 20 40 60 80 [l(l+1)Cl/2π]
1/2 (µΚ)
WMAP ACBAR ΩM=0.25, ωb=0.023, h=0.73, n=0.97 x=0.5, no CDM x=0.3, no CDM x=0.2, no CDM
0.01 0.10 k/h (Mpc
−1)
102 103 104 105 P(k)h
3 (Mpc 3)
2df bin.
demonstration
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0.01 0.1 1.0 10 k/h (Mpc
−1)
10-6 10-4 10-2 100 102 104 P(k)h
3 (Mpc 3)
ΩM=0.30,ωb=0.001,h=0.70,n=1.00 ΩM=0.30,ωb=0.02,h=0.70,n=1.00 ΩM=0.30,ωb=0.02,h=0.70,x=0.2,no CDM,n=1.00 ΩM=0.30,ωb=0.02,h=0.70,x=0.1,no CDM,n=1.00 ΩM=0.30,ωb=0.02,h=0.70,x=0.2,ωb’=ωCDM,n=1.00
demonstration
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1 102 104 106 ΜGeV 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Α31Μ Α3 Α3’
’SUSY
B ≃ nB
N/MN ≃ (Λ′/Λ) changes slowly with M ′ W
e/me ≃ M ′ W /MW changes fastly with MW .
W ∼ 10 TeV ?
demonstration
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DAMA/NaI (0.29 ton×yr) (target mass = 87.3 kg) DAMA/LIBRA (0.53 ton×yr) (target mass = 232.8 kg)
DAMA/NaI (0.29 ton×yr) (target mass = 87.3 kg) DAMA/LIBRA (0.53 ton×yr) (target mass = 232.8 kg)
demonstration
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demonstration
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γ γ A A A A
MIRROR NUCLEUS ORDINARY NUCLEUS
ǫ 2F µνF ′ µν dσ dER = λ E2
Rv2 ,
MA
A(qrA)F ′2 A (qrA′),
vrot 200 km/s
T ′/T 0.3
T ′ T < 0.3(0.2)
demonstration
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0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 2 3 4 5 6 7 S^m counts/(kg keVee day) Energy [keVee]
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 2 3 4 5 6 7 S^m counts/(kg keVee day) Energy [keVee]
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 2 3 4 5 6 7 S^m counts/(kg keVee day) Energy [keVee]
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 2 3 4 5 6 7 S^m counts/(kg keVee day) Energy [keVee]
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 2 3 4 5 6 7 S^m counts/(kg keVee day) Energy [keVee] 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Counts/(kg keV day) Energy [keVee] DAMA THRESHOLD 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Counts/(kg keV day) Energy [keVee] DAMA THRESHOLD 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Counts/(kg keV day) Energy [keVee] DAMA THRESHOLD 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Counts/(kg keV day) Energy [keVee] DAMA THRESHOLD 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Counts/(kg keV day) Energy [keVee] DAMA THRESHOLD 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Counts/(kg keV day) Energy [keVee] DAMA THRESHOLD
demonstration
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1 102 104 106 ΜGeV 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Α3 1Μ Α3 Α3’
’SUSY
e ≃ 50 − 100 MeV
p,n ≃ 4 − 6 GeV
2F µνF ′ µν:
demonstration
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ZB, Nesti, Pilo, Rossi, JHEP’09
P
r (M + M ′),
1 8πM2
P
P
P
2r(M + M ′) + Ge
− r rg
2r
r M ;
2r(M + M ′) ,
8πG
2G
demonstration
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Z.B., Pilo, Rossi, ’09
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 r kpc vr kms
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 r kpc vr kms
M 2πr2
D e− r rD ,
M′ 2πr′2
D e
−
r r′ D :
M′ M = 10,
demonstration
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10 20 30 40 50 100 200 300 400 500 r kpc vr kms Visible Mirror r13 kpc,Β10,r2Β13r1, rm15 kpc, M11011M
kin ≈ 10Ekin
demonstration
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1 M5 (udd)(u′d′d′)
1 M5 (qqd)(q′q′d′)
M
10 TeV
Kuzmin ’70, Glashow ’79 Marshak & Mohapatra ’80
n > 10 yr , while n − n′
SMN)1/5 ∼ 10 TeV In the ”seesaw” model –
(see diagram of the previous page)
n > 10 yr or so ...
demonstration
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n > 108 s
Baldo Ceolin et al. ’94
Z.B. & Bento ’05
demonstration
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n ∼ 100 TeV and thus τn¯ n ∼ 109 s.
Z.B. & Bento ’05
Mohapatra,Nasri, Nussinov ’05
demonstration
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Z.B. & Bento ’05
+, ψ′ −)
δm
δm2+ω2
B ,
1
δm2+ω2
B = τ sin 2θB,
demonstration
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2
2|µB| ≫ δm):
δm2 δm2+ω2
B sin2 “p
B t
B
B ≪ 1 )
2 δm2 ω2
B
for more detailed discussion, see Pokotilovsky ’06
demonstration
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2 sin22θ0 = δm2 2ω′2 = 2
µB′
2 sin22θ = δm2( ω′+ ω)2 2(ω′2−ω2)2 = 1+η2+2η cos β (1−η2)2
B)+P (− B) 2
1+η2 (1−η2)2 P0
(1−η2)2 P0
B)−P (− B) 2cos β
2η (1−η2)2 P0
demonstration
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0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 ΗΩΡ 2 4 6 8 10 BP0, DBP0, BDB
demonstration
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demonstration
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1 2(NB+ + NB−)
1 2(Nb+ + Nb−)
demonstration
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8010 8020 8030 8040 8050 8060 8070 t hours 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.04 1.06 Det1Det2 DetMon 470140 Mon470000 Det140000
demonstration
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NB++NB− = (DB cos β)νts ν ≈ 11 s−1
demonstration
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demonstration
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demonstration
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∂µφ 2m · (Nγµγ5N − N ′γµγ5N ′)
∇φ 2m · (NΣN − N ′ΣN ′)
s
g(2)
s
4πr
g(1)
s
g(2)
p
(σ·n) 8πm2
r + 1 r2