Literary Elements: A Story Sep 1510:34 PM 1 Literary - - PDF document

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Literary Elements: A Story

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Things you should already know...

­ Setting ­ Characters (protagonist/antagonist) ­ Plot diagram (Sequence of Events) ­ Conflicts

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It all began with the ABCs...

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B) Point of view

A) Setting

C) Literary genre D) Characters

The ABCs of literature

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A ­ Setting

Two factors affect the setting: 1) TIME ­ Of day, week, month, year ­ Decade, century, millennium ­ Seasons ­ Seconds, minutes, hours 2) PLACE ­ Physical location ­ Social, political, economical, geographical... considerations

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B ­ Point of view

There are three distinct point of views:

1) First person narration: I, me, mine,we... ­> Main character, protagonist of story 2) Second person narration: You ­> The reader becomes a character in the novel.. The narrator refers to one of the characters as "you" 3) Third person narration: Narrator not in story ­> Focuses on two axes 1)Subjectivity/objectivity 2)Omniscient/limited

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Importance of P.O.V.

­ Manipulation of reader ­ Author's tool ­ Who is telling the story?

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C­Literary genre

FICTION ­Science­fiction ­Romance ­Horror ­Action/adventure ­Western ­Crime ­Detective (Mystery) ­Fantasy ­Literary fiction NON­FICTION ­Essay ­Biography ­Autobiography ­Historical narrative

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D ­ Characters

There are two types of characters in literature: 1)DYNAMIC Changes as a result of the story A­­­­­­­­­­­> B

• Syn. ­ round

2)STATIC Does not change as a result of the story A­­­­­­­­­­­> A

• Syn. ­ Flat/stock

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With such a big crowd, conflicts inevitably ensued...

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Conflict in Literature

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Conflict is so important that...

­No work of fiction can exist without it. It is

• indispensable. There may

be one or several conflicts in the same story.

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Conflict is...

A struggle between two

• pposing forces; usually

between a person (main character) and someone

• r something else.

Conflicts are resolved when one force overcomes the other.

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In literature...

Often, more than one type of conflict is taking place at the same time. In every case, however, the existence of conflict enhances the reader's understanding of a character and creates the suspense and interest that makes you want to continue reading.

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There are different types

• f conflict:

­ Character vs Character ­ vs Society ­ vs Nature ­ vs Supernatural ­ vs Him/Herself/Itself (internal) ­ vs technology/machine ­ vs Time ­ vs Destiny

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In order to be able to precisely describe the commotion caused by the ABCs and their conflicts, some kind of literary device was needed...

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Imagery

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What is imagery?

­ It relates to your FIVE SENSES ­ It is the author's way of making the story seem more REAL ­ When effective, imagery immerses the reader in the story

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Relating SENSES to IMAGERY

­ Sense of Sight: Visual Imagery ­ Sense of Hearing: Auditory Imagery ­ Sense of Smell: Olfactory Imagery ­ Sense of Taste: Gustatory Imagery ­ Sense of Touch: Tactile Imagery

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EXAMPLES

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Sense of Smell Olfactory imagery

It smells good

It smells of oranges and fresh bread

Sense of Sight Visual Imagery

She looks good Her chestnut brown hair and emerald green eyes make me weak in the knees.

Sense of Touch Tactile Imagery

It is rough It is rough like coarse sandpaper

Sense of Hearing

Auditory Imagery It is loud

It sounds like a rock concert

Sense of Taste Gustatory Imagery

It tastes bad It tastes bitter and strong

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Keys to Imagery

­ Must offer RELATABILITY ­How is this achieved????? ­ Must have SUFFICIENT detail or description ­Must offer a sense of RECOGNITION

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Now it is your turn

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Write a paragraph inspired by the following image. It must appeal to each sense; therefore, it must contain at least one use of imagery for each sense.

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Post writing activity

­ Form groups of 2 (3 if uneven) ­ Read works received ­ Find the five imageries: Box in, identify type, evaluate efficiency ( +, +/­, ­) ­ Verify spelling

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Continuing the learning based on perceived abilities

BEGINNER:

Change the following sensory statements into imagery: Start first by identifying to which sense the statement appeals, to which imagery it should correspond, and then change the sensory statement into imagery.

­The class is loud ­The candle smells nice ­ This soup tastes good ­Your picture is pretty ­This bed is hard ­It was a cold morning ­This sandwich tastes funny ­There is a funny scent to the garbage ­That car sounds like there is something wrong ­The decor to this room is dated

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Continuing the learning based on perceived abilities

INTERMEDIATE:

Repeat previous activity using the following image:

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Continuing the learning based on perceived abilities

ADVANCED:

­ Consult the following resource Imprints 11 ­ Short story to be approved ­ In the text, identify, using quotation marks, and identify which type of imagery is being used.

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Put it all together, and you've got yourself a story; one key element, however, is still missing...

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Identifying the Sequence of Events (Plot Diagram)

Student Notes

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Plot Diagram

1 2 3 4 5 6

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Plot (definition)

­ Plot is the organized pattern

• r

sequence of events that make up a

• story. Every plot is made up of a

series of incidents that are related to one another.

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There are six parts to the Sequence of Events:

­ Preliminary Action ­ Complicating Incident ­ Rising Action ­ Climax ­ Falling Action ­ Outcome

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• 1. Preliminary

Action

­ This usually occurs at the beginning of a story. Here the characters are introduced. We also learn about the setting of the story. Most importantly, we are introduced to the normal day to day

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• 2. Complicating Incident

­ This part of the story brings about conflict(s). Something occurs to disturb the normal day to day.

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• 3. Rising

Action

­ This part of the story begins to develop the conflict(s). A building of interest or suspense occurs. Usually the longest part

• f

the story

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4. Climax

­ This is the turning point of the story. Usually the main character comes face to face with a

• conflict. A resolution to the conflict(s) occurs

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• 5. Falling

Action

­ All loose ends

• f

the plot are tied

• up. The

conflict(s) and climax are taken care of.

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6. Outcome

­ The story comes to a reasonable

• ending. A new day

to day is established

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BUT, WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN???

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Symbolism

Workshop

• n the most

powerful literary device

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Symbolism Workshop

:

Learning through teaching

­ The following workshop will initiate you both to teaching and symbolism ­ Remember, you only truly understand something when you explain it to someone else.

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Symbolism Workshop

:

Step 1: The preparation

To situate the learner, you must conceive a 'mise en situation' that allows your students to activate any prior information or experience with the subject matter ­­critical!! It is the primer to your teaching.

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Symbolism Workshop

:

Step 2: The Learning

­ The classic confrontation of WHAT you want your students to learn and HOW you are going to go about it ­ Focus on the essentials

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Symbolism Workshop

:

Step 3: The Consolidation

­ Finally, how are you going to verify your student's learning? ­ What approach will you use to assess your student's understanding of the subject matter?

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Symbolism Workshop

:

Step 4: The Realization

­ You will be bringing your work to life through an authentic teach­learn experience

­ A lesson plan for each step is required (how/what) and to be submitted a day prior to presenting

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Symbolism Workshop

:

Step 4: The Realization cont.

­ You will teach your work to the class in an authentic manner ­ All group members are to have clear, defined roles and tasks to be

• accomplished. These will be outlined

in the lesson plan.

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