Lifestyle Changes for Glaucoma Patients Yvonne Ou, MD Associate - - PDF document

Lifestyle Changes for Glaucoma Patients

Yvonne Ou, MD

Disclosures: None

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“Doctor, what else can I do to help my glaucoma?”

Where are we on the pyramid?

Avoid overtreating hypertension Sleep habits Eat your veggies Start exercising Don’t overcaffeinate Keep yoga upright

Lifestyle modifications in glaucoma

• 141 patients, avg age 65, 57% female
• Mean baseline MD -6.6 dB
• Average of 6.7 days of physical activity measurement,

average of 5613 steps per day, 148 min/day of nonsedentary activity, 11 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

Ophthalmology 2019;126:958-964.

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“Each incremental increase of 1000 steps per day was associated with less sensitivity loss over time (+0.007 dB/year, P < 0.001). Each additional 30 minutes of nonsedentary activity and each 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity also associated with less VF sensitivity loss over time.”

Ophthalmology 2019;126:958-964.

Patients with greater VF loss perform less physical activity

• JAMA. 2018;320(19):2020-2028

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“Adults should do at least 150 minutes to 300 minutes a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes to 150 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity. They should also do muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week. Older adults should do multicomponent physical activity that includes balance training as well as aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities.”

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“Recommendations emphasize that moving more and sitting less will benefit nearly everyone. Individuals performing the least physical activity benefit most by even modest increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.”

Fact or Fiction? Glaucoma patients should avoid yoga

Downward dog results in the largest IOP increase in healthy and glaucoma patients

Fact or Fiction? Sleeping with the head of the bed elevated lowers IOP

Lateral decubitus body position results in higher IOP in dependent eyes

Don’t overcaffeinate

Lifestyle modifications in glaucoma

• Prospective, double-masked, crossover, RCT with 106

subjects

• Subjects ingested 237 ml of caffeinated or decaffeinated

coffee

• IOP and BP were measured; OPP calculated

“Consuming one cup of caffeinated coffee (182 mg caffeine) statistically increases, but likely does not clinically impact, IOP and ocular perfusion pressure in those with or at risk for POAG.”

Eat your veggies

Lifestyle modifications in glaucoma

• Greater intake of dietary nitrate (green leafy vegetables), an

exogenous source of NO, was associated with a 20-30% lower POAG risk

• The effect was greatest (40-50% lower risk) for POAG with

early paracentral VF loss at diagnosis, to which vascular dysregulation has been associated

Avoid overtreating hypertension

Lifestyle modifications in glaucoma

What does the SPRINT trial mean for our glaucoma patients?

Systolic BP in the standard vs. intensive treatment groups

Intensive treatment group had a 25% lower relative risk for primary outcome

• JAMA. 2016;315(24):2673-2682. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7050

Treatment goal for SBP of less than 120 mm Hg reduced incident cardiovascular disease by 33% and total mortality by 32%. The mean diastolic BP in the intensive group was 62 mmHg, 5 mmHg lower than in the standard group.

• The duration and magnitude of decrease in nocturnal blood

pressure below the daytime MAP, especially pressures that are 10 mmHg lower than daytime MAP, predict NTG progression.

• Low nocturnal blood pressure, whether occurring spontaneously
• r as a result of medications, may lead to worsening of VF

defects.

Work with internist & avoid nocturnal hypotension Head of bed elevation Eat green leafy veggies Start exercising, esp. if you aren’t already Don’t overcaffeinate Keep yoga upright, as inverted poses transiently increase IOP

What I tell my patients about lifestyle changes

Thank you!

What I tell my patients about lifestyle modifications

• Get moving, especially if you aren’t already
• Inverted head poses transiently increase IOP, but how this truly affects

glaucoma progression is unknown

• Consider sleeping with the head of the bed elevated
• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, especially green, leafy

vegetables

• Drink your daily cup of coffee, but don’t binge (or switch to decaf)
• What other risk factors for CV disease do you have? If not many, and/or

if glaucoma is progressing despite good IOP control, ensure patient is not being over-treated for hypertension

Caffeine inhibits ganglion cell loss in experimental glaucoma