LIFE PharmDegrade Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters from - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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LIFE PharmDegrade Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters from - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 01, 2023 203 likes •350 views

LIFE PharmDegrade Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters from nursing homes and hospitals The LIFE programme: funding opportunities & innovative solutions on wastewater treatment EIP on water conference 2017 Alfndega Porto Congress

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Life-25.eu

LIFE PharmDegrade

Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters from nursing homes and hospitals

The LIFE programme: funding opportunities & innovative solutions on wastewater treatment EIP on water conference 2017

Alfândega Porto Congress Centre, Porto, Portugal

26.9.2017

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Project beneficiaries:

LIFE PharmDegrade

Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters from nursing homes and hospitals Project Coordinator:

ARHEL projektiranje in inženiring d.o.o.

Project Partner:

University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy The Chair of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Coordinator Partner

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Pharmaceutical residues – emerging contaminants:

Environmental problem

FACTS:

  • Use of medicines increases
  • Proven toxic effects of drug residues in animals (individual

cases: endocrine disrupting, genotoxic, causing bacterial resistance ) UNCERTANITIES:

  • Unknown effects of complex mixtures (synergistic effects)
  • Persistent pollutants - conventional (W)WTP not efficient
  • Effective in low levels – analytical limitations in complex

matrices NEEDS:

  • The 4th stage of WWT not defined and adopted
  • Environmental legislation not complete

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Coordinator Partner

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Project Aims

Pilot-scale demonstration of electrochemical wastewater treatment (advanced

  • xidation process) for degradation of pharmaceutical residues from treated hospital

wastewater effluent.

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Coordinator Partner

Pilot demonstration plant:

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Arhel:

Methodology (I)

  • Wastewater screening (municipal, hospital, nursing

homes)

  • Development of electrolytic cell
  • Selection of electrode material
  • Cell design – flow optimisation
  • Development of power supply with
  • Adjustments to different water conductivities
  • Electrode self cleaning operation mode
  • Laboratory scale optimisation
  • Types and concentrations of pure/mixed substances,

flow rates, current densities, treatment duration

  • Construction of pilot plant
  • Efficiency tests on pilot plant
  • Analysis of results, costs estimations

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Coordinator Partner

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Methodology (II)

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Coordinator Partner

Faculty of Pharmacy:

  • Selection of representative pharmaceuticals
  • Optimisation of extraction procedure
  • Extraction of pharmaceuticals from complex wastewater matrices
  • semi-automated solid-phase extraction system -SPE DEX
  • Chromatography: optimisation and validation of LC – MS/MS
  • Analysis of water samples
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Innovation

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Electrolytic cells with current generator

Electrolytic cell:

  • with boron doped diamond electrodes,
  • dimensions: 80x120x350 mm
  • High electrochemical potential -

production of hydroxyl radicals (HO°)

I = konst. ± U

Cell SCADA Current generator RS 485 Uin

Current generator:

  • Maintains adjustable constant current
  • Switch mode power supply
  • Voltage commutation – self cleaning effect
  • SCADA connection
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Benefits to EU/National Policy:

Results (I)

  • Analysis of 16 WWTP effluent (24-hours composite) samples on 111

pharmaceuticals (PH) revealed*:

  • min 50% and max 70% of PH were detected in particular sample
  • 27% PH were detected in all 16 samples,
  • 90% of all considered PH were detected in at least one effluent sample
  • PH determined in all samples, were found in high concentrations*:
  • tramadol 11.3 µg/L, diclofenac 1.4 µg/L (analgesic drugs) ,
  • rosuvastatin 1.9 µg/L (lowering cholesterol)
  • valsartan 1.3 µg/L (vasodilator)
  • diuretic furosemide and antiepileptic gabapentin both 1.1 µg/L

High incidence of PH from WWTPs - necessity to systematically monitor & evaluate the ecological risks and support the future protection measures!!

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Coordinator Partner

* Klančar et al., Pharmaceutical contamination of Slovene wastewaters. LIFE PharmDegrade closure conference, Ljubljana 2016.

(Only diclofenac on the EU Watch List!)

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Benefits to the environment:

Results (II)

  • Proven high efficiency at

already short contact times with electrodes (single or double passage) at 25 mA/cm2 current density.

  • Longer contact times and

higher current densities increase the efficiency.

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Coordinator Partner

0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 *ciprofloxacin (2054.9) metoprolol (100.7) bisoprolol (405.7) carbamazepine (422.9) sertraline (75.3) atorvastatin (61.6) diclofenac (2479.1)

Reduction of concentration (%) Target Pharmaceutical Comparison of the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals from wastewater

Electrochem.

  • xidation:

contact time 1.73 s Electrochem.

  • xidation:

contact time 0.58 s Biological WWTP: retention time: 1 day

*Average inflow concentrations in mixed sewage during sampling in ng/L

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Benefits to the environment:

Results (II)

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Coordinator Partner

There are several 100 micropollutants in water!!

Prediction of removal potential of pharmaceuticals (PHs) for a big scale plant:

  • 7 PHs

followed

  • total conc.

4.3 µg/l

Pilot plant

Expected mass load of 7 PHs: 12.3 kg/year

WWTP 15,500 PE (329 m3/h dry flow)

  • 10 kg/year

PHs removed

  • Equivalent of

500,746 pills

Predicting 80% removal efficiency

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Economic viability:

Results (III)

  • Pilot-scale project with 1.5 – 3 m3/day water treatment capacity
  • Cost estimations show comparable cost-class with activated carbon and ozonation process
  • Larger-scale demonstration planned!

LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si

Coordinator Partner

Evaluation of operational costs of anode oxidation system, using BDD electrodes in electrolytic cells as a 4th stage of municipal WWTP, following the goal of removing 80 % of target pharmaceuticals.

System size: water flow (m3/h) 1 7 20 200 417 1050 3100 System size in population equivalents *represents a hospital with approx. 250 beds PE 100 1000* 2.000 20.000 41.700 100.000 300.000 Annual quantity of treated water m3 8.760 61.320 175.200 1.752.000 3.652.920 9.198.000 27.156.000 Costs with a goal to achieve average 80% efficiency (10 years amortisation) Electrolytic cell with BDD electrodes €/m3 1,87 0,51 0,42 0,20 0,18 0,17 0,16 O3 + sand filter 0,22 0,18 0,16 Particulate activated carbon + sand filter 0,26 0,20 0,18 Granulated activated carbon + sand filter 0,29 0,27 0,26

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Thank you for your attention!

Project Cofinancers: Contact:

  • dr. Maja Zupančič Justin

Arhel d.o.o., Pustovrhova 15 1210 Ljubljana - Šentvid, Slovenia EU E-mail: info@arhel.si marko.gerl@arhel.si maja.justin@arhel.si Project co-workers Arhel d.o.o.: Marko Gerl, Gorazd Lakovič, Tinkara Rozina, Jošt Grum, Mario Marinović, dr. Luka Teslić, Lovro Pokorn, dr. Neža Finžgar, dr. Maša Čater, dr. Andrej Meglič, Rihard Murn, Andrey Yakuntsov, Branko Hamiti, dr. Maja Zupančič Justin Faculty of Pharmacy:

  • Doc. dr. Jurij Trontelj, Anita Klančar, izr. Prof.dr. Robret

Roškar, prof. dr. Albin Kristl. Field tests and pilot plant construction enabled: Občina Kranj, Komunala Kranj, Klinika Golnik, Nursery homes in Slovenia

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