LHC Results Highlights (Lecture III: Results on Higgs and New - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

1

The 2013 CERN-Latin-American School of High-Energy Physics

Arequipa, Peru (6–19 March 2013)

LHC Results Highlights

(Lecture III: Results on Higgs and New Physics Searches) ´ Oscar Gonz´ alez (CIEMAT)

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Outline of Lecture III

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

2

(Results on Higgs and New Physics Searches)

• The SM Higgs boson

⇒ The search of the boson: the last two years ⇒ The Higgs discovery ⇒ Measure as many channels as posssible ⇒ Measuring its properties: Is the 125-GeV boson the Higgs? ⇒ Other searches for Higgs-like particles

• Searches of other SM-like Higgs bosons
• Searches of New Physics (SUSY covered in Lecture II)

⇒ Mostly an overview. . . too much to cover, no obvious hint to follow ⇒ Inclusive searches: resonances, tails, . . . ⇒ Common models: extradimensions, leptoquarks, . . . ⇒ Searches motivated by “Natural Higgs”

• Upgrades and plans for the “Run 2” (2015 and beyond)

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• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

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The SM-Higgs Search

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Where should the Higgs be? (before Dec 2011)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

4 The Higgs is the missing keystone of the Standard Model. Its existance is strongly motivated by the success of the model but there is nothing proving it. The EWK constraints from pre-LHC colliders indicated a mass around 100 GeV. There are also theoretical considerations that motivates a light Higgs. The idea is that SM-related parameters that are sensitive to the Higgs mass allows to make es- timations of preferred values. Even with the addition of new physics (e.g. Supersym- metry) the bounds were close to what the EWK fits sug- gested. On the other hand, most of these assume the Higgs sec- tor is as the SM indicated. Nature might not be as predictable as we think

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Search for the SM Higgs (before Dec 2011)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

5 The search at the LHC experiments was performed assuming a SM-Higgs-like boson at any not-excluded (by Tevatron or LEP) mass. For low masses (115-135 GeV)

⇒ H → bb is the dominant decay channel

Impossible to detect the direct production channel (pp → H) Associated production with a weak vector

⇒ others: γγ, ττ

Branching ratios are small, but the LHC produces many Higgses

For medium masses (135-200 GeV)

⇒ Main channel is H → W W so use direct production ⇒ Need of leptons prevents full decay reconstruction ⇒ Associated channels helped on this, but smaller yield.

Masses higher than 200 were not reachable at Tevatron, but the LHC opened them:

⇒ Specifically the “Golden channel” H → ZZ → lll′l′

This simple structure was “violated” since using off-shell bosons the different channels contributed beyond their optimal regions.

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December 2011

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

6 On December 13 of 2011, ATLAS and CMS presented at CERN the status of the SM Higgs searches and for the first time hints of a particle with mass close to 125 GeV. Signal was not completely significant, but excesses appeared in several channels and seemed consistent with a reasonance in that area decaying to several final states. In addition, the analyses performed were able to ex- clude all the medium masses, allowing only the re- gion of the excesses to be reasonable compatible with the EWK fits. Due to its theoretical motivation within the SM, the Higgs boson becomes the first candidate to be the particle causing the excess. So all the focus was in searching for a possible SM- like Higgs boson with a mass around 125 GeV. And we enter in 2012, the year of the 8 TeV and the Higgs search. . .

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The search of the 125-GeV Higgs: strategy

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

7 After the “December 2011 event” the plan was to confirm the presence of a signal (and also reach the “discovery”, 5σ level) using the new data collected from April.

• LHC energy raised to 8 TeV to increase yield.
• Efforts focusing on most sensitive channels:

H → γγ H → ZZ∗ → lll′l′

These also provide the cleanest channels to measure the properties since we reconstruct the full decay. They are also complementary: one with reasonable yield but high background and the other with small yield but very low background.

• Of course, secondary channels also very relevant

H → ττ H → W W ∗ → lνl′ν H → bb (associated production)

because they provide further sensitivity (but low-significant signal) and because they provide additional information (additional cou- plings to the boson)

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Higgs Search: update for ICHEP-2012

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

8 For ICHEP-2012 the size of the available dataset was ∼ 5.5 fb−1 of 8 TeV collisions Higher available energy but tougher conditions (pile-up, triggering) led to a comparable sensitivity (a bit better) with respect to the 7-TeV sample. Analysis focused to the observed excesses appear- ing in the region that is not excluded.

⇒ ATLAS presented the results for the most sensi-

tive channels (γγ and lll′l′) leading the quest.

It provided a clean result for the discovery of a new boson.

⇒ CMS used the five channels that has reasonable

sensitivity.

More prone to fluctuation in less sensitive channels, but it pro- vided a more general picture about the boson.

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It is worth it to discuss the details of the current results involving this boson: sev- eral updates after ICHEP!

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A new boson at 125 GeV: CMS Results (I)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

9

• The CMS H

→ γγ ( CMS-PAS-HIG-12-016 ) is per-

formed by using several categories of diphoton (for in- clusive production mode) and two categories for tagging Vector-Boson Fusion processes.

• For Higgs, VBF process is very important since it is siz-

able (LO gg → H process is via loops) and involve very different couplings

→ Specially atractive for fermiophobic Higgss → Tagged with forward jets.

• Analysis with MVA cross-checked with cut-based analy-

sis: comparable result.

• Local significance: 4.1σ,a bit higher yield than expected.
• Updated result expected during the Conferences at
• Moriond. . .

di-photon MVA output

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A new boson at 125 GeV: CMS Results (II)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

10

• The H → 4l analysis by CMS ( CMS-PAS-HIG-12-041 ) has been updated several

times since July.

• Also expected new results for Moriond, but mostly focused on properties since

signal is well established.

• Using a kinematic discriminant based on the masses of the reconstructed Z and

angular correlations (which are based on the scalar nature of the boson).

• The yield is a bit lower, but still in agreement with SM: µ = 0.80+0.35

−0.28

• This analysis is the central reference for properties of the boson (see later).

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A new boson at 125 GeV: CMS Results (III)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

11

• After the two most sensitive analysis, CMS has

produced many others that are informative about the presence of the boson.

• H → W W ∗ ( CMS-PAS-HIG-12-042 ) provide an

important yield, but sensitivity is reduced since the requirement of leptonic decays prevents the recon- struction of the full mass.

• Still results are compatible with a SM boson, with

a large uncertainty:

µ = 0.74 ± 0.25

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• The H → ττ analysis ( CMS-PAS-HIG-12-043 ) is

the most sensitive channel with a direct decay to fermions.

• Large uncertainty for now, so more data is wel-

come.

• µ in agreement with SM-Higgs hypothesis.
• and with a branching ratio ∼ 0.
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A new boson at 125 GeV: CMS Results (IV)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

12

• Many other analyses in the pipeline. As the previous, they do not have a lot of

sensitivity with the current sample, but still important.

• In addition, studies are trying to include as many as possible channels and ex-

clusive identification of final states (e.g. VBF or associated production (V H)) to gather as much information as possible about the boson.

• Among them, the most important are those having a Higgs decaying into bb, in

V H channels ( CMS-PAS-HIG-12-044 ).

50 100 150 200 250 Events / 15.0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Data VH(125 GeV) VV VH(125 GeV) VV b Z + b Z + udscg b W + b W + udscg Single top t t MC uncert. (stat.)

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• Again, with large uncertainties, compatible with SM-Higgs hypothesis.
• For H → bb, the “channel of the future” is that of production associated with tt:

interesting to have a complete understanding on how the Higgs couples to b and t.

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A new boson at 125 GeV: ATLAS Results (I)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

13

• ATLAS made a major update after ICHEP by the end of the year.
• The update on the diphoton decay ( ATLAS-CONF-2012-168 ) was very relevant.

Specially since CMS did not update it since July.

• Similarly to CMS, the sample is divided into 12 categories, in this case having 9

for inclusive production, 1 for VBF and 2 which were intended to get signal from

V H channels.

• µ = 1.80 ± 0.30(stat)+0.21

−0.15(syst)+0.20 −0.14(th) is coming a bit high.

• Per-channel µ does not indicate anything striking, but more data needed.

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A new boson at 125 GeV: ATLAS Results (II)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

14

• The updated 4l analysis ( ATLAS-CONF-2012-169 ) increased the luminosity on

the 8 TeV sample with respect to July.

• As CMS, some sensitivity is gained by exploting the spin characteristics of the

signal.

• Yield a bit higher, and the peak of excess it is at 123.5 GeV.
• The signal strength is µ = 1.30+0.5

−0.4

As in the case of CMS, this is the central channel to perform the measurements of the properties of the new particle.

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A new boson at 125 GeV: ATLAS Results (III)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

15

• The secondary channels were also updated by ATLAS.
• Great effort with a lot of detailed studies regarding signal strength and measure-

ments of coupling-related quantities.

H → W W ∗ H → ττ H → bb

ATLAS-CONF-2012-158 ATLAS-CONF-2012-160 ATLAS-CONF-2012-161

• Signal strength a bit high for W W ∗ and ττ (in gg → H)
• H → ττ a bit low in VBF+V H.
• Probably too early to start worrying: SM withing 1σ.
• H → bb does not seem to have SM strength (not yet excluded though).

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A new boson at 125 GeV: Summaries

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

16

• After the big news on July, more data analyzed by the two experiments.
• The picture is getting more complete. . . but not much more clear.

SM

σ / σ Best fit

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2 4 ZZ → H WW (VH tag) → H WW (VBF tag) → H WW (0/1 jet) → H (VBF tag) γ γ → H (untagged) γ γ → H (VH tag) τ τ → H (VBF tag) τ τ → H (0/1 jet) τ τ → H bb (ttH tag) → H bb (VH tag) → H

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CMS Preliminary = 125.8 GeV

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CMS-PAS-HIG-12-045 ATLAS-CONF-2012-170 But be tuned about the results presented at Moriond: Results with the whole data are being presented these days!

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Moving towards the post-discovery sample

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

17

• The results at ICHEP were very clear regarding the questions about the existence
• f the boson around the EWK scale.
• But it also keeps several questions unanswered.

Not only that. . . some of them are even more interesting than before, now that the boson was there:

⇒ Which are the couplings to the bosons? ⇒ Which are the couplings to the fermions? Do they scale with the mass? ⇒ Is it really a scalar 0+ particle? ⇒ Is it the responsible object to give mass to the particles? ⇒ Does it couple to itself? ⇒ Is it directly related to the field producing the EWK symmetry breaking? ⇒ . . . (choose your favorite)

So, in one sentence:

Is this the SM boson?

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Providing answers

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

18 The steps are obvious, but it may require time/more data:

⇒ Precision measurement of the mass (almost there!) and

the width (tough!)

⇒ Measure the Spin and the Parity ⇒ Measure signal strength in as many channels as possible

(Nature was kind: Higgs decays are reasonably varied so many channels are accessible)

⇒ We need to explicitly obtain couplings (or coupling ratios) of the Higgs to all

massive particles (or as many as possible).

Need to include Higgs-strahlung for top (likely the most interesting one)

⇒ We need to measure the self-couplings of the particle

Again, very specific predictions from SM, but directly sensitive to New Physics, especially the structure of the Higgs sector. Possible at the LHC? Linear-Collider or anything else?

From a practical point of view: Identify and study ALL possible events which (may) include the new boson

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Properties of the boson at CMS

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

19

• With the current datasample and available information from relevant channels

(some with little significances/precision), the properties accessible are the mass, the spin/parity and the signal strength for fermions and bosons.

• The last precise study is based on the 4l analysis.

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PRL 110 (2013) 081803 CMS-PAS-HIG-12-045

• Best mass: m(H) = 126.2 ± 0.6(stat) ± 0.2(syst) GeV
• Data clearly favours a pure scalar (0+) against a pseudoscalar (0−) hypothesis.
• More data is needed to distiguish 0+ from 2+.
• Couplings are compatible with the SM values.

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Properties of the boson at ATLAS

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

20

• The last results ( ATLAS-CONF-2012-170 ) presented yielded

some tension between the masses as extracted from the 4l and the γγ analyses:

m(H) = 123.5 ± 0.9(stat) ± 0.3(syst) GeV (H → 4l) m(H) = 126.6 ± 0.3(stat) ± 0.7(syst) GeV (H → γγ)

• Investigation ongoing. . . answer at Moriond Conferences?
• The signal strength, measured with the sensitive channels,

returns a bit higher value than the expected from the SM.

• Some work to try to confirm this. More data available (not all

8 TeV data used).

• In the meanwhile, spin/parity properties measured from the

4l analysis, which is the most sensitive one.

• Similar conclusions as the CMS analysis:

data clearly favours 0+ against 0− and not enough distinction power with respect to 2+.

ATLAS-CONF-2012-169

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Other SM-like Higgs searches at ATLAS

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

21

• If the boson at 125 GeV were not the SM-Higgs bo-

son, one may think that the original one (or another similar object) is still hiding somewhere.

• Limits may not apply since cross section may be

affected by the 125 GeV boson.

⇒ Basically all the channels used to study the Higgs at low

mass (∼ 125 GeV) are used to go higher in mass.

⇒ Since SM-like decays are assumed, the most relevant are

those based on ZZ and W W once we are above 200 GeV.

⇒ The semileptonic H → ZZ → llqq has better reach at

high masses where the branching ratio reduces the 4l signal.

⇒ Need of kinematic constraints, but very competitive limit.

PLB 717 (2012) 70

• No significant discrepancy found in any of the channels.

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Other SM-like Higgs searches at CMS

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

22

• Similar approach in CMS, doing a combination of the relevant analyses

( CMS-HIG-12-045 ) and obtaining a limit over the full range.

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• At high masses the relevant channels (H → ZZ → llqq, H → ZZ → llνν,

H → W W → lνqq,. . . ) do not provide good mass resolution.

• But not that relevant since Higgs is very broad at large masses.
• In any case, all these searches will soon become more general, with signal not

exactly SM-Higgs-like.

• No hint of Higgses beyond the 125 GeV candidate. Too much SM-like Nature?

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SUSY Higgs searches at the LHC

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

23

• Even with a 125 GeV boson looking like the SM Higgs,
• ther searches are attactive since several extension of the

SM would predict a SM-like Higgs.

• Probably the best example is, as always, SUSY models, in

which it is not possible to have just a single (SM-like) Higgs

• Already in the simpler SUSY models (MSSM) there are

characteristics in the Higgs sector that motivates specific searches:

⇒ Enhacements at large tan β of the coupling to the b and τ

The dominant production processes now involve b-jets in the final state The increase in the cross section motivates a specific search

⇒ Presence of charged Higgses

Appearing in top quark decays, motivating the study of the τ decay channel However, for low tan β the decay H± → cs becomes important

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SUSY Higgs: searches for neutral Higgs

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

24

• Both collaborations looking for φ → ττ produced in association of b-jets.
• Specially sensitive to the reconstruction of the hadronic τ, although leptonic τ

decays are also used.

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CMS-PAS-HIG-12-050 ATLAS-CONF-2012-094

• Nice agreement with the SM predictions (dominado by Z → ττ)
• Results are interpreted in terms of cMSSM parameters. Usually tan β and mA

that are the ones with larger influence in this search.

SUSY gets more constrained. Now from the Higgs sector!

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SUSY Higgs: searches for charged Higgs

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

25

• Both possible decays of H± has been performed, al-

ways in top decays.

• For H± → τν at CMS ( JHEP 07 (2012) 143 ):

→ Several channels considered, including τh+jets. → No significant discrepancy found. → ATLAS produced a similar analysis. → Limits on production cross section and models.

• For H± → cs at ATLAS ( ATLAS-CONF-2011-094 ):

→ Looking for dijet mass not peaking at the W . → Decrease due to full hadronic: tt → H+bH−b. → Good agrement with the background expectation. → Setting upper limit on branching ratio. → Soon: Update of the analyses on the topic.

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Other Higgs searches at the LHC

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

26

• Aside from SUSY, other extensions of the SM in-

corporates new Higgses or modify the SM one.

⇒ Models like SM4 or Fermiophobic Higgs are now

treated as part of the 125 GeV boson properties.

Other models have different properties/implications

⇒ nMSSM Models predicting light bosons decay-

ing into muons. – Signal is 4 muons in final state – Also Dark-SUSY Models – Need to understand low-mass resonances. – No significant excess. Limits set.

⇒ Models with doubly-charged Higgses:

– Looking in same-sign dilepton resonance. – No significant escess found. – Limits in several models.

• Nothing found (yet?) so the SM-like Higgs (if it is

the 125 GeV boson) seems to be unique.

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Current status and future perspectives

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

27

• A new particle has been found with mass ∼ 125 GeV that is compatible with the

long-sought Higgs boson of the SM.

• Apart from this: Nothing similar (or plausible alternative) found, so it really points

to The SM Higgs boson.

• Precision measurements are also available. SM

seems consistent with overconstrained data, but some tensions here and there. But we do know the SM cannot be the last word!

If the “125 GeV boson” is the SM Higgs the standard model is complete as defined. . . but not the end of the story. Many questions unaswered.

[GeV]

t

m

140 150 160 170 180 190 200

[GeV]

W

M

80.25 80.3 80.35 80.4 80.45 80.5

=50 GeV

H

M =125.7

H

M =300 GeV

H

M =600 GeV

H

M

σ 1 ± Tevatron average

kin t

m σ 1 ± world average

W

M

=50 GeV

H

M =125.7

H

M =300 GeV

H

M =600 GeV

H

M

68% and 95% CL fit contours measurements

t

and m

W

w/o M 68% and 95% CL fit contours measurements

H

and M

t

, m

W

w/o M

• M. Baak et al., arXiv:1209.2716

The discovery of the Higgs not only confirms the SM, also its limitations. . . so the next steps are:

⇒ Study the Higgs properties in detail (as mentioned before) ⇒ Measurements to look for discrepancies (more data needed) ⇒ And specially:

Move the focus to New Physics to complement the Higgs discovery

SLIDE 28

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

28

Searches of New Physics at the LHC Experiments

SLIDE 29

The big picture

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

29

SLIDE 30

The big picture

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

30

Strings Kaluza−Klein Models New Exotic Physics who knows...? Supersymmetry Extra Dimensions New Gauge Interactions Hidden Gauge Sectors Fourth Generation Quantum Gravity

?

SLIDE 31

Outline of topics

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

31

• Supersymmetric particles: covered in second lecture.
• New resonances:

⇒ Dileptons, diphotons, multijets. ⇒ Also decaying into dibosons

• Excited states of particles and internal structure
• Leptoquarks
• Extradimensions: monophoton and monojet
• Top sector and a fourth generation
• More exotic searches:

⇒ Microscopic blackholes ⇒ Long-lived particles ⇒ RP violating Supersymmetry

This contains a general overview of the searches performed at the experiments (CMS and ATLAS mainly), to give an idea of the status and reaches for several topologies. Not meant to be complete. . . each may be a seminar by itself!

SLIDE 32

New dilepton resonances: ATLAS

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

32

• The first obvious thing to look at are new resonances decaying into pairs of de-

tectable particles: leptons, jets, photons.

• Predicted in extensions of the SM seeking for unification, e.g. broken E6 group.
• Using as a reference the Sequential SM, where Z′ behaves like a massive Z.
• Documented in ATLAS-CONF-2012-129
• Combining the ee and µµ channels:

m(Z′) < 2.49 TeV [SSM] m(Z′) < 2.09 − 2.24 TeV [E6 models]

SLIDE 33

New dilepton resonances: CMS

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

33

• Similar outcome from the CMS analyses.
• Splitting the electrons in barrel-barrel (both electron in central rapidity) and barrel-

endcap (one is not central).

) [GeV]

• µ

+

µ m( 70 100 200 300 400 1000 2000 Events / GeV

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

6

10

DATA

• µ

+

µ → /Z γ τ τ , tW, WW, WZ, ZZ, t t jets (data)

• 1

CMS Preliminary, 8 TeV, 20.6 fb

m(ee) [GeV] 70 100 200 300 400 1000 2000 Events / GeV

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

6

10

DATA

• e

+

e → /Z γ τ τ , tW, WW, WZ, ZZ, t t jets (data)

• 1

CMS Preliminary, 8 TeV, 19.6 fb

• As in the case of ATLAS: great agreement over

several orders of magnitude.

• Documented in CMS-PAS-EXO-12-061
• Combining the ee and µµ channels:

m(Z′) < 2.96 TeV [SSM] m(Z′) < 2.6 TeV [ψ, Superstring E6 inspired]

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

• 7

10

• 6

10

• 5

10

• 4

10 m(ll) [GeV]

σ

R

CMS Preliminary

)

• 1

(20.6 fb

• µ

+

µ ),

• 1

8 TeV, ee (19.6 fb

Ψ

Z'

SSM

Z' median expected 68% expected 95% expected 95% CL limit

SLIDE 34

Search of dijet resonances

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

34

• A resonance decaying into quarks and/or gluons may appear as a bump on top of

the dijet mass spectrum.

(pb/GeV)

jj

/dm ! d

• 8

10

• 7

10

• 6

10

• 5

10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

Data Fit QCD MC JES Uncertainty

CMS Preliminary

• 1

= 8 TeV , L= 19.6 fb s | < 1.3

jj

" # | < 2.5 , | " | > 890 GeV , Wide Jets

jj

m

A / C (3.6 TeV) W’ (1.9 TeV)

Dijet Mass (GeV)

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500

Data

! (Data-Fit)/

• 4
• 3
• 2
• 1

1 2 3 4

Resonance Mass (GeV)

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500

(pb) A × B × Cross Section

• 5

10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

CMS Preliminary

• 1

= 8 TeV , L = 19.6 fb s | < 1.3

jj

η ∆ | < 2.5, | η | 95% CL Upper Limit Gluon-Gluon Quark-Gluon Quark-Quark string Excited Quark Axigluon/Coloron Diquark

6

E s8 W’ Z’ RS Graviton

CMS-PAS-EXO-12-059

⇒ Impressive event with mjj = 5.15 TeV ⇒ Good description by 4-pars function (and QCD MC) over 7 orders of magnitude ⇒ Limit set as function of the types of dijets

• A specific search for dijet resonances in bb does not find any significant discrep-

ancy either.

SLIDE 35

Low-mass dijet resonances: Data scouting

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

35

• The previous search was started at mjj ∼ 1 TeV due to the trigger thresholds,

that are high due to the great performance of the LHC.

• Could we be missing some low-cross section resonance below 1 TeV?
• This is the perfect place to make use of the data scouting: 130 pb−1 at 7 TeV.

/dm (pb/GeV) σ d

• 6

10

• 5

10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

)

• 1

CMS Preliminary (0.13 fb Fit QCD Pythia Jet Energy Scale Uncertainty

= 7 TeV s | < 1.3 η ∆ | < 2.5, | η | Wide Jets W’ (0.7 TeV) D (0.7 TeV) D (1.5 TeV)

Dijet Mass (GeV) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Residuals

• 2
• 1

1 2

Resonance Mass (GeV)

600 700 800 900 1000

(pb) A × B × Cross Section

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

95% CL Upper Limit Gluon-Gluon Quark-Gluon Quark-Quark Diquark

6

E s8 Resonance W’ Z’ RS Graviton )

• 1

CMS Preliminary (0.13 fb = 7 TeV s Wide jets

⇒ Again, impressive agreement. . . and now limits below 1 TeV. ⇒ Data from the “scouting” understood and able to provide physics output! ⇒ Unfortunately, it confirms the SM predictions.

SLIDE 36

Search for W ′-like resonances (I)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

36

• Similarly, another resonance into leptons, but we cannot reconstruct the full in-

variant mass, so using the transverse mass:

MT =

• 2 · pT,ℓ · Emiss

T

·

• 1 − cos ∆φℓ,ν
• That shows a Jacobian peak at the mass of the relevant particle.

[GeV]

T

M

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Events / 20 GeV

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

6

10

7

10

ν W-> e QCD + single top t t ν τ W-> + jets γ DY -> ee τ τ DY -> Diboson data syst uncer. M=2500 GeV ν e → W' M=500 GeV ν e → W'

CMS Preliminary

• 1

L dt = 20 fb

∫

= 8 TeV s

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Ratio data/MC

2 4 6 8 10

[GeV]

T

M

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Events / 1 GeV

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

6

10

7

10

ν µ → W QCD +single top t t ν τ → W µ µ → DY τ τ → DY Diboson data syst uncer. M=2500 GeV ν µ → W' M=500 GeV ν µ → W'

CMS Preliminary

• 1

L dt = 20 fb

∫

= 8 TeV s

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Ratio data/MC

2 4 6 8 10

[GeV]

W'

M

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

B [fb] × σ

1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

Observed 95% CL limit ν e → Observed 95% CL limit W' ν µ → Observed 95% CL limit W' Expected 95% CL limit σ 1 ± Expected 95% CL limit σ 2 ± Expected 95% CL limit SSM W' NNLO PDF uncertainty = 10 TeV NNLO µ with

KK

W = 0.05 TeV NNLO µ with

KK

W

= 8 TeV s , 2012,

• 1

CMS preliminary, 20 fb

miss T

+ E µ ,

miss T

e + E

CMS-PAS-EXO-12-060

⇒ Data well described by the SM predictions over several orders of magnitude. ⇒ Limits for W ′

SSM, taking into account decay on tb (lowers the BR to leptons).

⇒ Assuming no interference with SM W boson.

SLIDE 37

Search for W ′-like resonances (II)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

37

• For very massive W ′, decay to tb is open.
• Not as simple as with leptons, but needs to explore that possibility since W ′ might

be leptophobic (what do we expect for a W coupling to right-handed neutrinos?).

• Clean resonant channel: nothing in the SM de-

cays in top (since it is the most massive)

• Documented in PRL 109 (2012) 081801

⇒ No sign of an excess looking as a resonance. ⇒ Indepedently of the number of required tags.

SLIDE 38

Resonances decaying to weak diboson

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

38

• Several extensions of the SM predict the presence of new particles decaying into

pairs of weak dibosons. e.g. technicolor particles decaying the W Z.

• Search by ATLAS in the very clean 3-lepton+MET

channel.

• In order to gain sensitivity to new resonances,

is preferred to consider the semileptonic or full hadronic models

• Main disadvantage is that for very massive ob-

jects, the EWK bosons are very boosted and the two quarks are reconstructed as a single (fat) jet.

• However, CMS has turned this into a benefit to

enhance signal: dijet events where jet(s) are W/Z- tagged.

⇒ Taking nice advantage of the development of

boosted-jet tools.

⇒ Good description of the data from the expected

background.

[GeV]

WZ T

m 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Events / 20 GeV

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

data 2011 WZ ZZ γ Z+ ll’+jets W’(350 GeV) W’(500 GeV) W’(750 GeV) (500 GeV)

T

ρ syst ⊕ stat

• 1

Ldt = 1.02 fb

∫

= 7 TeV s ATLAS

PRD 85 (2012) 112012

Dijet Mass (GeV)

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Events

1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Untagged data Single W/Z-tag Double W/Z-tag QCD Pythia6 QCD Herwig++ )

• 1

CMS (5.0 fb = 7 TeV s R=0.5

T

Anti-k

arXiv:1212.1910

SLIDE 39

Resonances in semileptonic ZZ

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

39

• The boosted-jet topologies are becoming more and more relevant as we increase

the energy scales under test.

• The search of more massive objects implies this difficulty.
• A good example is ATLAS X → ZZ in the semileptonic channel.

ATLAS-CONF-2012-150

⇒ Parallel analyses: dijet and merged-jet topologies! Kinematic separation ⇒ Clearly the merged-jet topology is able to recover acceptance at higher masses. ⇒ This kind of analysis (specially with specific W/Z-tags) will be fundamental at

higher LHC energies.

SLIDE 40

Three-jet resonances

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

40

• Certain models predict the existence of particles decaying

into three jets (e.g. RPV gluinos).

• If pair produced, we expect 6 or more jets on which some

triplets of jet peak at the mass of the resonance.

(GeV)

T

Triplet scalar p

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

(GeV)

jjj

M

200 400 600 800 1000

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

= 7 TeV s CMS Simulation

(GeV)

T

Triplet scalar p 1000 2000 (GeV)

jjj

M 1000 2000 100 200 300 400 500

Data

QCD Simulation 400 GeV gluino model 20 triplets/event

(GeV)

jjj

M 500 1000 1500 )

• 1

(GeV

jjj

dN/dM

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

Data 300 GeV gluino 450 GeV gluino Four-parameter background fit

= 7 TeV s

• 1

CMS, 5.0 fb

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

(GeV)

jjj

M

B (pb) × σ 95% CL Limit

• 1

CMS 5.0 fb = 7 TeV s

Observed Expected σ 1 ± σ 2 ± (gluino)

LO

σ (gluino)

NLO

σ

PLB 718 (2012) 329

⇒ Using the jet-ensemble technique: triplets in inclusive 6-jet events ⇒ Combinatorial background (even from signal events) ⇒ In boosted events, pT vs m of the triplet discriminate signal and background. ⇒ Technique may be extrapolated to other searches.

SLIDE 41

Multijet resonances in 8-jet events

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

41

• Other possible approach is to identify cascade decays

bringing to multijet final states by intermediate resonances.

• Hard to handle due to combinatorics: sensitivity degraded!
• But it may be simplified if at some point a state is identified.

g , A ρ ∼ , A ρ ∼

σ , π ∼ σ , π ∼ σ , π ∼ σ , π ∼ g g g g g g g g

Average Doublet Mass (GeV)

100 200 300 400 500 600

Events

1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10 )

• 1

Data (5.0 fb QCD Multijets Signal

(M = 800 GeV, m = 267 GeV, w = 10%)

CMS Preliminary = 7 TeV s

Average Quartet Mass (GeV)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Events

1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10 )

• 1

Data (5.0 fb QCD Multijets Signal

(M = 800 GeV, m = 267 GeV, w = 10%)

CMS Preliminary = 7 TeV s

(GeV)

8j

M

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Events

1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10 )

• 1

Data (5.0 fb QCD Multijets Signal

(M = 800 GeV, m = 267 GeV, w = 10%)

CMS Preliminary = 7 TeV s

CMS-PAS-EXO-11-075

⇒ Artificial NN used to enhance signal-like topologies. ⇒ Good agreement with background expectation. ⇒ Limits set in models related to this kind of processes

SLIDE 42

Excited leptons: µ∗ → µγ

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

42

• Excited muons may be detected in Drell-Yan pro-

duction.

• Decay into a muon and a photon in addition to the

partner muon provide the signature.

• Selection

done by requiring large invariant masses, excluding the Z → µµ resonance. ATLAS-CONF-2012-146

⇒ Good agreement with SM predictions. ⇒ The same analysis includes an identical study for excited electrons. ⇒ Same conclusions and similar exclusions.

SLIDE 43

RPV Supersymmetry

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

43

• Since SUSY is such a great idea, it is worth it to explore all possibilities.
• One possibility is that R-Parity is not conserved, what makes SUSY not being the

source of Dark Matter.

• But allows to avoid the most stringent limits, based
• n MET-related topologies.
• Characteristics of RPV SUSY:

⇒ LSP could be any particle (unstable). ⇒ Dominant terms may prefer pair production. ⇒ Everything decays: high multiplicities ⇒ Many types of particles in final states. ⇒ Also exotic resonances: ˜ ντ → eµ

• Basically every final state is possible if choosing the

right phenomenology.

• No hint for discrepancies in RPV-based final states.

ATLAS-CONF-2012-153 arXiv:1212.1272

(But limits usually have little implications due to large set os possibilities)

SLIDE 44

RPV Supersymmetry: multileptons y (b-)jets

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

44

✁

P1 P2 ˜ q, ˜ g ˜ q, ˜ g ˜ χ0

1

˜ χ0

1

jet l l ν ν l l jet

✁

P1 P2 ˜ q, ˜ g ˜ q, ˜ g ˜ χ0

1

˜ χ0

1

jet ¯ b t µ µ t ¯ b jet

• An example of possible “crazy” final state: multileptons+b-jet.
• Backgrounds reduced requiring 3 or more leptons (also τ).
• Scalar sum of pT used as key discriminating variable.
• High multiplicities implies high complexity in reconstruction

and interpretation.

(GeV)

T

S

0-300 300-600 600-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 >2000

Events

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Bkg Uncertainties Data-driven t t WZ ZZ W t t Z t t CMS Preliminary

• 1

= 9.2 fb

int

= 8 TeV, L s

3-leptons + OSSF0 + 1-tau + no b-jets

(GeV)

T

S

0-300 300-600 600-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 >2000

Events

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10 (GeV)

T

S

0-300 300-600 600-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 >2000

Events

• 2

10

• 1

10 1

Bkg Uncertainties Data-driven t t WZ ZZ W t t Z t t CMS Preliminary

• 1

= 9.2 fb

int

= 8 TeV, L s

4-leptons + OSSF1 + on-Z + 1-tau + at least 1 b-jet

(GeV)

T

S

0-300 300-600 600-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 >2000

Events

• 2

10

• 1

10 1

CMS-SUS-12-027

⇒ One interesting thing: sensitivity to very rare SM processes. ⇒ Observation of those as interesting as New Physics. . .

SLIDE 45

Leptoquarks (I)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

45

• Several unification models predict the existence of particles having both lepton

and baryon numbers: leptoquarks (LQ).

• They are strongly produced, and decay in a quark

and a lepton.

• Rich phenomenology, depending on many parame-

teres and classes of leptoquarks.

• Analyses with leptons (and/or MET) and jets.
• Usually assumed that LQ are also structured in

families, and normally they do not mix fermions from different families.

• Analysis inclusive for the first two LQ generations:

the lepton type determines selection class.

• Good agreement observed.

[GeV]

LQ

m 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 eq) → BR(LQ ≡ β 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

e e j j j j ν e

jj (Exp.) ν eejj+e jj (Obs.) ν eejj+e )

• 1

D0 (5.4 fb )

• 1

CMS (36 pb

[GeV]

LQ

m 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 eq) → BR(LQ ≡ β 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

= 7 TeV s

• 1

Ldt = 1.03 fb

∫

jj ν eejj+e → LQ LQ

ATLAS

PLB 709 (2012) 158

[GeV]

LQ

m 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 q) µ → BR(LQ ≡ β 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

j j µ µ jj ν µ

jj (Exp.) ν µ jj+ µ µ jj (Obs.) ν µ jj+ µ µ )

• 1

D0 (1.0 fb )

• 1

CMS (34 pb

[GeV]

LQ

m 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 q) µ → BR(LQ ≡ β 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

= 7 TeV s

• 1

Ldt = 1.03 fb

∫

jj ν µ jj+ µ µ → LQ LQ

ATLAS

EPJC 72 (2012) 2151

• Limits on leptoquarks set: LHC going beyond previously explored areas.

SLIDE 46

Leptoquarks (II)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

46

• Due to the importance of the third generation in the limitations of the SM, specific

studies for them are encouraged.

• As described in several analysis, the presence of b-jets allows the enhancement
• f the sensitivity to signal by using b-tagging.
• Investigated decay: bτ for the corresponding final state.
• Discriminating with ST , the scalar sum of the pT of the decay products.

(GeV)

T

S

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Events

10 20 30 40 50 = 7 TeV s ,

• 1

CMS 4.8 fb Data ttbar W/Z + jets Other =450 GeV

LQ

Signal M

(GeV)

1

t ~

M

200 300 400 500 600 700

333

' λ

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1

= 7 TeV s ,

• 1

CMS 4.8 fb = 250 GeV

2

Expected limit, M = 250 GeV

2

Obsreved limit, M = 1 TeV

2

Expected limit, M = 1 TeV

2

Observed limit, M

(GeV)

1

t ~

M

200 300 400 500 600 700

333

' λ

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1

= 7 TeV s ,

• 1

CMS 4.8 fb = 250 GeV

2

Expected limit, M = 250 GeV

2

Obsreved limit, M = 1 TeV

2

Expected limit, M = 1 TeV

2

Observed limit, M

PRL 110 (2013) 081801

⇒ Analysis also sensitive to stops in R-Parity violating modes. ⇒ No significant discrepancy wrt SM expectations.

SLIDE 47

Extradimensions: photon-based searches

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

47

• Several kind of models predict the existence of additional dimensions, which

would be microscopic.

• Useful to explain the large scale difference between

EWK and Gravitation.

• The SM is constrained to 3+1 dimensions. However,

gravitational/related interaction might be able to test the additional extra dimensions.

• Production of gravitons (that scape detection) may

be accompanied of SM particles.

• Striking signatures: γ+MET or jet+MET
• For very high pT the backgrounds are small.

⇒ Z/W whose decay not detected (Z → νν) ⇒ Detector effects.

• Another possibility (from Randall-Sundrum Models)

is that the graviton decays into SM particles.

• Many possibilities. One is diphoton resonances.
• Good signature: issue is large background.

[GeV]

miss T

E 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Events / GeV

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

=7 TeV) s Data 2011 ( γ )+ ν ν → Z( γ W/Z+ W/Z+jet +jet, multi-jet, diboson γ top, Total background =1.0 TeV, n=2

D

ADD NLO, M =400 GeV

*

=10 GeV, M

χ

WIMP, D5, m

ATLAS

• 1

L dt = 4.6 fb

∫

[GeV]

miss T

E 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Events / GeV

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

arXiv:1209.4625

[GeV]

γ γ

M

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Events/20 GeV

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Observed Diphoton +jet γ Dijet Systematic Uncertainty = 1.75 TeV

1

= 0.05, M k ~ = 3 TeV

S

= 6, M

ED

n

at 7 TeV

• 1

2.2 fb CMS

PRL 108 (2012) 111801

SLIDE 48

Extradimension: monojet searches

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

48

• In a hadron collider, the presence of coloured particles always is a motivation for

a high-rate final state.

• Looking for the presence of a single unbalanced high-pT jet.
• The rest may be taken by the escaping graviton. . . or other possible particle in

several models.

• This signature has become very popular to look for inclusive production of invis-

ible particles (Dark Matter!) in which the jet is initial-state radiation boosting to the undetectable object.

[GeV]

T miss

E

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Events / 25 GeV

1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

ν ν → Z ν l → W t t QCD

• l

+

l → Z Data = 599 GeV, m = 1 GeV Λ DM = 3 δ = 2 TeV,

D

ADD M

CMS

= 7 TeV s

• 1

L dt = 5.0 fb

∫

a)

JHEP 09 (2012) 094 ATLAS-CONF-2012-147

⇒ Many models tested: ATLAS even sets limits on gravitino for squark/gluino production. ⇒ LHC results on extradimensions are already better than Tevatron and LEP.

SLIDE 49

New Physics in the top-quark sector

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

49

• Although most of the previous (“more traditional”) models were trying to solve

very deep issues of the SM, the lack of hints about the New Physics has lead to alternative approaches.

• The most common one is just to focus on the fine-tuning needed for the Higgs

Mass, concretely the need of a “partner” for the top quark to reduce the radiative corrections.

• So focusing on the top-quark sector. . . or the presence of a new (more massive)

generation, closely related to top and bottom:

⇒ They are the most suitable candidate to guide us to New Physics. ⇒ Mass of the top quark makes it very special. ⇒ Lack of measurements (or reached precision not being enough) motivates pointing to top. ⇒ Bottom and charm physics do not seem to match perfectly.

• Motivation similar to stop in “Natural SUSY” (discussed in Lecture II).
• The idea is always that New Physics may show up in the top-quark sector, but

perhaps not as straightforward as though (however, FB assymmetry at Tevatron may indicate the opposite).

SLIDE 50

Search for a T5/3 top partner

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

50

• A possible partner of the top with Q = 5/3 (T5/3)

has been proposed in several models.

• Even in single production, topology is full of parti-

cles that detectors are able to reconstruct.

• ATLAS has searched ( ATLAS-CONF-2012-130 ) for

this as part of more general set of searches based on same-sign dileptons: b′

⇒ HT is a good discriminating variable for these busy topologies. ⇒ Good agreement: no striking discrepancy observed.

SLIDE 51

Search for a 4th generation (I)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

51

• The existence of an additional generation is coming as a solution to the question
• n why 3 generations. . . easy answer (but not discarded).
• Although not a single hint to support it (in fact, all possible places where it could

appear shows strong support for 3 generations), attractive final states.

• High multiplicites, high variety of objects. . .

e.g. a possible t′ with a decay similar to the top quark (W b): its pair production would lead to events with 2 W and 4 b-jets.

)

2

(GeV/c

min lb

M

100 200 300

)

2

Events/(34 GeV/c

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

Data (dileptonic) t t Other backgrounds

2

= 450 GeV/c

t'

, M t' t'

=7 TeV s at

• 1

CMS, 5.0 fb µ /e µ µ Events with ee/ Signal Region

)

2

(GeV/c

t'

M

350 400 450 500 550 600

') (pb) t t' → (pp σ

• 1

10 1 10

=7 TeV s at

• 1

CMS, 5.0 fb Theory (HATHOR) [25] 95% CL expected limits 95% CL observed limits σ 1 ± Expected limits σ 2 ± Expected limits

PLB 716 (2012) 103

⇒ Looking for it in 2l+b-jets: bump in the m(lb) distribution. ⇒ Very sensitive: Exclusion limit beyond the naturalness region for top partners.

SLIDE 52

Search for a 4th generation (II)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

52

• Search in the same topology (t′t′ → W bW b is performed in other possible chan-

nel combinations.

• Remember: models are just for getting topologies, things may be different.
• Reducing top background by relying on significant W (jj) boost: HT > 750 GeV.

PLB 718 (2013) 1284

⇒ Good agreement with ths SM predictions (dominated by tt. ⇒ Limits sets: – in the mass

– in the Branching Ratios to W and non-W (Higgs-like, Z)

SLIDE 53

Search for a 4th generation (III)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

53

• Symmetric to the previous signature: a b′ may decay to W t, giving rise to a rich

topology: 4 W bosons and 2 b-jets.

• It may show up basically in every top-like or multiobject analysis.
• CMS has exploited the same-sign dilepton and trilpeton signatures with the re-

quirement of a b-jet.

Jets

N

2 4 6 8 10

Events

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

data

2

500 GeV/c

b'

M t t +W(Z) t t W/Z/VV/Single Top

CMS

= 7 TeV s at

• 1

L=4.9 fb Same-charge dilepton events

Jets

N

2 4 6 8 10

Events

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

data

2

500 GeV/c

b'

M t t +W(Z) t t W/Z/VV/Single Top

CMS

= 7 TeV s at

• 1

L=4.9 fb Trilepton events

]

2

[GeV/c

b'

M

450 500 550 600 650

') [pb] b b' → (pp σ

• 2

10

• 1

10 1

expected limit

• bserved limit

Theory (HATHOR)

is excluded at 95% CL

2

< 611 GeV/c

b'

M

σ 2 σ 1

= 7 TeV s at

• 1

CMS L = 4.9 fb

CMS JHEP 1205 (2012) 123

⇒ Very low backgrounds for reasonable expected signals. ⇒ Data compatible with SM predictions. ⇒ The global conclusion is that there no hints for a 4th generation. ⇒ Nor anything that may look like it regarding rich topologies.

SLIDE 54

Even more exotic searches

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

54

• No sign of New Physics in the most obvious extensions of the SM.
• Even for things we were “100% sure” will show up at the first LHC run.

But nobody was assuming Nature would practice “Fair Play”

• So we should not give up or think something is wrong. . . just misleading.
• So we start thinking on where New Physics could have escaped our limits:

⇒ Long-lived particles: no trigger, misreconstruction,. . . ⇒ Confusing signatures: many objects, no clear cascade decays ⇒ No beam crossing-correlated signals. ⇒ Something we did not think about?

• Other approach is to move to more fundamental levels:

⇒ Dark Matter: Are we sure of its existence? Is it a WIMP?

(It would probably show up in any of the MET-based signatures)

⇒ Magnetic monopoles: Very motivated, but LHC detectors may not be optimal.

SLIDE 55

Microscopic black-holes

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

55

• Quantum-Gravity models predict the production of mi-

croscopic black holes at the LHC.

• Theories usually related to extradimensions, but we

now focus on the production of these anomalous ob- jects:

⇒ Fast evaporation ⇒ Decay in multiparticle final-state ⇒ Pretty democratic treatment of objects.

• Analysis strategy based on the properties of the final

state:

⇒ Low multiplicity events used to parameterize

background

⇒ ST (scalar sum of ET ) shape does not depend

• n multiplicity for background.

⇒ Well tested in data and in MC predictions.

• Good greement at all multiplicities (up to N 8)
• New model-independent limit in the result

(GeV)

T

S 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Events / 100 GeV 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

5 ≥ Multiplicity, N Observed Background Uncertainty = 4.5 TeV, n = 6

min BH

= 1.5 TeV, M

D

M = 4.0 TeV, n = 4

min BH

= 2.0 TeV, M

D

M = 3.5 TeV, n = 2

min BH

= 2.5 TeV, M

D

M

• 1

= 7 TeV, 4.7 fb s CMS

c)

JHEP 04 (2012) 061

(GeV)

T

S 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Events / 100 GeV 1 10

2

10

3

10

8 ≥ Multiplicity, N Observed Background Uncertainty = 4.5 TeV, n = 6

min BH

= 1.5 TeV, M

D

M = 4.0 TeV, n = 4

min BH

= 2.0 TeV, M

D

M = 3.5 TeV, n = 2

min BH

= 2.5 TeV, M

D

M

• 1

= 7 TeV, 4.7 fb s CMS

f)

SLIDE 56

Long-lived exotics particles (I)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

56

• One way new particles may avoid the current limits if by being long-lived: as-

sumed decay products escape selection or trigger windows.

• SUSY theories may allow long-lived particles by several cases:

⇒ R-Parity almost conserved: LSP may be long-lived. ⇒ NLSP-LSP mass difference very small: decay slowed by phase space.

• ATLAS performed a search of long-lived chargino (cτ ∼ 10 cm) by exploiting lack
• f hits in the outer tracker (disappearing track).

JHEP 01 (2013) 131

⇒ Long-lived state due to degeneracy with neutralino (LSP). ⇒ Data well reproduce by expectations.

SLIDE 57

Long-lived exotic particles (II)

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

57

• Other possibility is that the LHC produced charged massive particles (CHAMPs)

that escape the selection because they are slow-moving.

• May be lost in standard reconstruction assuming charged particles propagate at

the speed of light: use MET and muon-only trigger.

• Requires very specific identification of slow-moving tracks: ionization, time-of-

flight,. . .

) c p (GeV/

500 1000

(MeV/cm)

h

I

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

=8 TeV) s Data (

2

c MC: Q=3 400 GeV/

2

c MC: Q=1 400 GeV/

2

c MC: Q=2/3 400 GeV/ Excluded

• 1

=8 TeV, L=18.8 fb s CMS Preliminary

)

2

c Mass (GeV/

500 1000

2

c Tracks / 40 GeV/

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Observed Data-based SM prediction )

2

c Gluino (M=1000 GeV/

• 1

=7 TeV, L=5.0 fb s CMS Preliminary Tracker - Only

Cut

as

I

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Tracks/0.025

• 2

10

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

6

10

>1.075) β Obs (1/ > 1.075) β Pred (1/ >1.125) β Obs (1/ > 1.125) β Pred (1/

• 1

=7 TeV, L=5.0 fb s CMS Preliminary Q>1

CMS-PAS-EXO-12-026

⇒ Several types of particles: ˜ τ, ˜ g, . . . ⇒ Results are in agreement with the expectations: limits on CHAMP production.

SLIDE 58

Magnetic Monopoles

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

58

• Magnetic monopoles has been predicted theoretically as part of the electromag-

netic unification.

• Its existence is enough to have electric charge quantization:

does the opposite holds?

• May be missing even if produced copiously because they are not electric charges.
• Again, they require some specific reconstruction and identification: narrow EM

calorimeter deposit and high ionization energy in ATLAS TRT. JHEP11 (2012) 138

⇒ No signal observed.

SLIDE 59

Summary of mass limits for BSM particles

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

59

• Many more searches and analyses could not be included due to time constraints.
• The collaborations have put summaries to give an indication on where we are in

the search of New Physics.

Mass scale [TeV]

• 1

10 1 10

2

10

Other Excit.

ferm.

New quarks LQ V' CI Extra dimensions

jj

m Color octet scalar : dijet resonance,

µ e

m , µ )=1) : SS e µ e →

L ± ±

(DY prod., BR(H

L ± ±

H

ll

m ), µ µ ll)=1) : SS ee ( →

L ± ±

(DY prod., BR(H

L ± ±

H (LRSM, no mixing) : 2-lep + jets

R

W

• Major. neutr. (LRSM, no mixing) : 2-lep + jets

,WZ T

m lll), ν Techni-hadrons (LSTC) : WZ resonance (

µ µ ee/

m Techni-hadrons (LSTC) : dilepton,

γ l

m resonance, γ Excited lepton : l-

jj

m Excited quarks : dijet resonance,

jet γ

m

• jet resonance,

γ Excited quarks :

llq

m Vector-like quark : NC,

q ν l

m Vector-like quark : CC, )

T2

(dilepton, M A tt + A → Top partner : TT

Zb

m Zb+X, → New quark b' : b'b' WtWt → )

5/3

T

5/3

generation : b'b'(T

th

4 WbWb → generation : t't'

th

4 jj ν τ jj, τ τ =1) : kin. vars. in β Scalar LQ pair ( jj ν µ jj, µ µ =1) : kin. vars. in β Scalar LQ pair ( jj ν =1) : kin. vars. in eejj, e β Scalar LQ pair (

µ T,e/

m W* :

tb

m tb, SSM) : → (

R

W'

tq

m =1) :

R

tq, g → W' (

µ T,e/

m W' (SSM) :

τ τ

m Z' (SSM) :

µ µ ee/

m Z' (SSM) :

,miss T

E uutt CI : SS dilepton + jets +

ll

m , µ µ qqll CI : ee & )

jj

m ( χ qqqq contact interaction : )

jj

m (

χ

Quantum black hole : dijet, F

T

p Σ =3) : leptons + jets,

D

M /

TH

M ADD BH (

• ch. part.

N =3) : SS dimuon,

D

M /

TH

M ADD BH (

tt,boosted

m l+jets, → tt (BR=0.925) : tt →

KK

RS g

ν l ν ,l T

m RS1 : WW resonance,

llll / lljj

m RS1 : ZZ resonance,

/ ll γ γ

m RS1 : diphoton & dilepton,

ll

m ED : dilepton,

2

/Z

1

S

,miss T

E UED : diphoton +

/ ll γ γ

m Large ED (ADD) : diphoton & dilepton,

,miss T

E Large ED (ADD) : monophoton +

,miss T

E Large ED (ADD) : monojet + Scalar resonance mass

1.86 TeV , 7 TeV [1210.1718]

• 1

=4.8 fb L mass L ± ± H 375 GeV , 7 TeV [1210.5070]

• 1

=4.7 fb L ) µ µ mass (limit at 398 GeV for L ± ± H 409 GeV , 7 TeV [1210.5070]

• 1

=4.7 fb L (N) < 1.4 TeV) m mass ( R W 2.4 TeV , 7 TeV [1203.5420]

• 1

=2.1 fb L ) = 2 TeV) R (W m N mass ( 1.5 TeV , 7 TeV [1203.5420]

• 1

=2.1 fb L )) T ρ ( m ) = 1.1 T (a m , W m ) + T π ( m ) = T ρ ( m mass ( T ρ 483 GeV , 7 TeV [1204.1648]

• 1

=1.0 fb L ) W ) = M T π ( m ) - T ω / T ρ ( m mass ( T ω / T ρ 850 GeV , 7 TeV [1209.2535]

• 1

=4.9-5.0 fb L = m(l*)) Λ l* mass ( 2.2 TeV , 8 TeV [ATLAS-CONF-2012-146]

• 1

=13.0 fb L q* mass 3.84 TeV , 8 TeV [ATLAS-CONF-2012-148]

• 1

=13.0 fb L q* mass 2.46 TeV , 7 TeV [1112.3580]

• 1

=2.1 fb L ) Q /m ν = qQ κ VLQ mass (charge 2/3, coupling 1.08 TeV , 7 TeV [ATLAS-CONF-2012-137]

• 1

=4.6 fb L ) Q /m ν = qQ κ VLQ mass (charge -1/3, coupling 1.12 TeV , 7 TeV [ATLAS-CONF-2012-137]

• 1

=4.6 fb L ) < 100 GeV) (A m T mass ( 483 GeV , 7 TeV [1209.4186]

• 1

=4.7 fb L b' mass 400 GeV , 7 TeV [1204.1265]

• 1

=2.0 fb L ) mass 5/3 b' (T 670 GeV , 7 TeV [ATLAS-CONF-2012-130]

• 1

=4.7 fb L t' mass 656 GeV , 7 TeV [1210.5468]

• 1

=4.7 fb L

• gen. LQ mass

rd 3 538 GeV , 7 TeV [Preliminary]

• 1

=4.7 fb L

• gen. LQ mass

nd 2 685 GeV , 7 TeV [1203.3172]

• 1

=1.0 fb L

• gen. LQ mass

st 1 660 GeV , 7 TeV [1112.4828]

• 1

=1.0 fb L W* mass 2.42 TeV , 7 TeV [1209.4446]

• 1

=4.7 fb L W' mass 1.13 TeV , 7 TeV [1205.1016]

• 1

=1.0 fb L W' mass 430 GeV , 7 TeV [1209.6593]

• 1

=4.7 fb L W' mass 2.55 TeV , 7 TeV [1209.4446]

• 1

=4.7 fb L Z' mass 1.4 TeV , 7 TeV [1210.6604]

• 1

=4.7 fb L Z' mass 2.49 TeV , 8 TeV [ATLAS-CONF-2012-129]

• 1

=5.9-6.1 fb L Λ 1.7 TeV , 7 TeV [1202.5520]

• 1

=1.0 fb L (constructive int.) Λ 13.9 TeV , 7 TeV [1211.1150]

• 1

=4.9-5.0 fb L Λ 7.8 TeV , 7 TeV [ATLAS-CONF-2012-038]

• 1

=4.8 fb L =6) δ ( D M 4.11 TeV , 7 TeV [1210.1718]

• 1

=4.7 fb L =6) δ ( D M 1.5 TeV , 7 TeV [1204.4646]

• 1

=1.0 fb L =6) δ ( D M 1.25 TeV , 7 TeV [1111.0080]

• 1

=1.3 fb L mass KK g 1.9 TeV , 7 TeV [ATLAS-CONF-2012-136]

• 1

=4.7 fb L = 0.1) Pl M / k Graviton mass ( 1.23 TeV , 7 TeV [1208.2880]

• 1

=4.7 fb L = 0.1) Pl M / k Graviton mass ( 845 GeV , 7 TeV [1203.0718]

• 1

=1.0 fb L = 0.1) Pl M / k Graviton mass ( 2.23 TeV , 7 TeV [1210.8389]

• 1

=4.7-5.0 fb L

• 1

~ R KK M 4.71 TeV , 7 TeV [1209.2535]

• 1

=4.9-5.0 fb L

• 1
• Compact. scale R

1.41 TeV , 7 TeV [ATLAS-CONF-2012-072]

• 1

=4.8 fb L =3, NLO) δ (HLZ S M 4.18 TeV , 7 TeV [1211.1150]

• 1

=4.7 fb L =2) δ ( D M 1.93 TeV , 7 TeV [1209.4625]

• 1

=4.6 fb L =2) δ ( D M 4.37 TeV , 7 TeV [1210.4491]

• 1

=4.7 fb L Only a selection of the available mass limits on new states or phenomena shown *

• 1

= (1.0 - 13.0) fb Ldt

∫

= 7, 8 TeV s

ATLAS

Preliminary

ATLAS Exotics Searches* - 95% CL Lower Limits (Status: HCP 2012)

• Some of the recent results not included in these figures, but the conclusions are:

⇒ The LHC has significantly extended the explored area (as expected) ⇒ No significant excesses has been seen that could be a hint of New Physics.

The Standard Model is doing as good as always. . . for how long?

SLIDE 60

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

60

Upgrades and plans for the future running

SLIDE 61

LHC Schedule and running plans

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

61

• Currently the LHC is in shutdown for some maintenance work.
• Also for fixing the issues that prevent to reach the nominal energy.

Expecting 25-30 fb−1 in the first year of running at 13 TeV. It may require some luminosity-leveling to allow the experiments to collect data efficienctly specially if running with 25 ns buch-spacing).

SLIDE 62

Goals of the several run periods

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

62

• In the next two years: shutdown for reaching nominal energy (LS1)
• After the LS1: 2015-2017

Reach the nominal instantaneous luminosity (1034 cm−2/s). Collect 100 fb−1 at 13-14 TeV.

• After the LS2: 2018-2022

Twice the instantaneous luminosity. Collect additional 300 fb−1 at 14 TeV.

• Afterwards. . .

Present Triplet magnets at the end of their useful life. Also luminosity collection may not be that effective (too long doubling time). Time to go for an improved machine Perhaps a HL-LHC to collect ∼ 3000 fb−1 at 14 TeV for high precision studies Or move towards higher energies to reach a new energy regime.

SLIDE 63

Upgrades and future plans for ATLAS

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

63

• For LS1:

Consolidation and getting ready for future: new Al beam pipe Additional neutron shielding in endcap toroid New Insertable B-layer (4th) of pixel Close to the beam pipe

• For LS2:

Finer granularity of the calorimeter triggers Fast track trigger Other trigger/DAQ upgrades, to satisfy the needs for the third running period. Possibility of topological triggers at Level 1 Detector for forward physics

• Getting ready for HL-LHC

New detectors to replace aged ones (as silicon inner tracker) Improved trigger/DAQ layout The goal: improve the detector to exploit the possibilities of the HL-LHC dataset in measurements (Higgs properties) and reach for New Physics.

SLIDE 64

Upgrades and future plans for CMS

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

64

• For LS1:

Complete muon coverage and improve muon triggers Replace forward calorimeter PMT (HCAL) and use of addi- tional segmentation

• For LS2:

New Pixel detector. Improved HCAL electronics and L1 trigger. Require some preparatory work during LS1: the future starts today. (New Beampipe, test slices of future systems)

• Getting ready for HL-LHC

Scope still to be defined: expected Technical proposal in 2014 Replace tracker, forward calorimetry and muon detectors The running conditions will require track trigger.

In addition, all experiments are involved in activities on alternative/later projects (HE-LHC?) and help in producing the long-term plan.

SLIDE 65

Upgrades and future plans for ALICE

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

65 The long-term goals of the Heavy-Ion program is to

⇒ Understand the Quark-Gluon Plasma with unprecedent accuracy. ⇒ Precision studies of heavy-flavour and EWK-boson production. ⇒ Specially interesting the (difficult) low-pT region

• During LS1:

Completion of ALICE and upgrades (PHOS and DCAL)

• During LS2: Major upgrades to reach new frontiers

Improved inner tracking system New TPC for high-rate readout in high luminosity regime Forward EM calorimeter (FOCAL). improved muon recon- struction (MFT), and others. . .

• Still unclear whether ALICE will have a presence

in the future HL-LHC since the interest will depend

• n the findings after the current shutdown.
• LS2-Upgraded detector should be able to make it

until mid 2020’s, taking advantage of the Heavy-Ion run in the period, with several ion species.

SLIDE 66

Upgrades and future plans for LHCb

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

66

• The plan is to collect 1 fb−1 per year during 5 years.
• Upgrade the detector (during LS2) to collect 50 fb−1.

⇒ Improve statistics in rare processes (specially observed in the 5 fb−1 for the first time). ⇒ Reach higher experimental precision (∼ theoretical one) in key observables.

• Major upgrade of the detector and readout system:

⇒ 40 MHz readout for all detectors and the full DAQ system ⇒ Implies also a huge effort/improvement to process the data output. ⇒ Allowance for instantaneous luminosity of 2 · 1033 cm−2/s ⇒ New RICH photon detectors and Tracking detectors, with a radiation-hard Vertex Locator

• As ALICE, it is not yet defined the rˆ
• le of LHCb in the possible projects after the

basic LHC program is done: HL-LHC, HE-LHC?

SLIDE 67

Overview and Conclusions

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

67

• The LHC experiments have made the first discovery: a boson at ∼ 125 GeV

– Signal showing up in several channels. – Already measuring the properties. – Compatible with the Higgs predicted by the SM.

• Searches of Physics beyond SM

– No hint of New Physics found. – Even in the most exotic signatures. – The SM still alive and stronger than ever. Current results of the LHC and those coming right after the current shutdown will be fundamental for the future of particle physics:

⇒ Requests to future accelerators ⇒ Information needed from complementary (low-energy) experiments ⇒ Understand theoretical and cosmological implications

We are (and going to be) in a very interesting time for particle physics, dictated by what is found and not found at the LHC within 2-5 years.

SLIDE 68

Closing remarks

• O. Gonz´

alez (CIEMAT) (March 2013) Lecture III on LHC Results Highlights (CLASHEP 2013)

68

• Results already achieved at LHC are of the highest level.
• Need to wait for more collisions, but before we expect (even at Moriond!):

⇒ More results to come with the current data samples. ⇒ Studies on the SM particles (now a Higgs candidate also). ⇒ Precision physics along the program with complete datasets. ⇒ Searches and studies about New Physics.

• But if you cannot wait for the news, you may entertain yourselves with the already

published results, not mentioned (nor covered in detail) due to time constraints.

• Available at the web pages of the experiments:

http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/publications https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/AtlasPublic http://cms.web.cern.ch/news/cms-physics-results http://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/CDS/cgi-bin/index.php

Thanks for your attention!