LED Parking Garages & Controls Course Disclaimer This is not - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

LED Parking Garages & Controls

Course Disclaimer

• This is not an IES endorsed course nor have they reviewed or

approved the material being presented.

• This course intended to help individuals understand RP-20-14

and gain a better understanding how its recommendations impact lighting design in the outdoor environment.

• Every attempt has been made to accurately represent the

information within RP-20-14

• Local building and energy codes take precedent with lighting

designs and specifications.

• The goal of the RP is to help users make informed decision

about light source technology and equipment – in an effort to achieve the minimum recommended light levels.

Related Publications

• IES RP-17-87 - Airport Road and Automobile Parking Area Lighting
• Traffic Engineering Handbook - Institute of Transportation Engineers (1992)
• Followed RP-20-84)
• Guidelines for Parking Facility Location & Design - Urban Land Institute (2000)
• IES RP-33-14 - Lighting for Exterior Environments
• Provides recommendations for lighting for outdoor areas other than parking lots and roadways
• IES/IDA MLO-2011 (Model Lighting Ordinance)
• IES G-1-03 – Guideline for Security Lighting for People, Property and Public Spaces
• IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition
• Includes many sub areas of parking facilities which previously had not been addressed
• IES DG-10-12 - Choosing Light Sources for General Lighting
• ANSI/IES RP-16-10 – Nomenclature & Definitions
• IES TM-15-07, TM-15-11(A) - Luminaire Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires
• LM-64-01 – Guide for the Photometric Measurement of Parking Areas, for vehicle-free

pavement

RP-20-14: Purpose and Scope

• To provide general recommendations for the design of fixed

lighting for parking facilities

• Deals entirely with lighting, does not give advise on

construction

• Provides recommended practices for new lighting systems
• Not intended to be applied to existing lighting systems, until they are

redesigned

• Represents “current good practice”
• Includes interior and exterior lighting practices for “reasonably

safe” movement of vehicular and pedestrian traffic in parking facilities

• Enhancing personal safety and security
• Deterring vandalism and theft
• Optimizing energy use
• Minimizing maintenance

RP-20-14: Purpose and Scope

• Guidelines exclude recommendations for:
• Public roads (RP-8-14, Roadway Lighting)
• Environmental Issues (RP-33-14, Exterior Environments)
• Security Lighting (G-1-03, Security Lighting for People, Property

& Public Spaces)

• Also excluded:
• Computer-controlled, automated vehicle parking facilities
• Curb parking along streets
• Single family residential parking pads and garages
• Garages for vehicle repair or new car storage
• Rest area parking (IESNA G-1-03)
• Outdoor pedestrian walkways that are separate from parking

areas (ANSI/IES RP-8-14)

IESNA REQUIREMENTS: RP-20-14

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

EXAMPLE IESNA REQUIREMENTS: RP-20-14

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

Light Levels from the 1960s through RP-20-98

1960 RP-20-84 RP-20-98 RP-20-14 Luminance Based Standards Illuminance Based Standards     Focus on Average   Focus on Minimum   Vertical Footcandle Values Specified    Parking Lots Basic Values (footcandles) 0.25 to 1.0 Ave. 0.2 to 1.0 Ave. 0.2 Min More Granular Specification Including Pre and Post Curfew Values Enhanced Values (footcandles) Double Values in Entrance/Exit Double Values in Entrance/Exit 0.5 Min.

• Ave. to Min. Uniformity

4:1 4:1

• Max. to Min. Uniformity

20:1 basic 15:1 enhanced Parking Garages Basic Values (footcandles) 1.0 More Granular Specification Including Occupied and Unoccupied Values Enhanced Values (footcandles)

• Ave. to Min. Uniformity
• Max. to Min. Uniformity

10:1

RP-20-14 – New Considerations

• Age-based recommendations are also discussed
• RP-8-14 – Section 4.10, IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition, Chapter 4,

Section 4.12.2 Basis

• Lighting zones (LZ) are discussed for the first time
• Indicates lower light levels in the parking facility when the LZ

has less dependence on fixed lighting

• However setting minimum levels based on LZ1 and increasing

levels for higher LZs (2, 3 and 4) could not be supported. Lighting Zones

Corresponds with IES RP-33 definitions LZ0: No ambient lighting LZ1: Low ambient lighting LZ2: Moderate ambient lighting LZ3: Moderately high ambient lighting LZ4: High ambient lighting

RP-20-14 – New Considerations

• Increased emphasis on energy conservation and light

tress pass since RP-20-98

• IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition Includes many sub areas of parking

facilities which previously had not been addressed:

• Payment transaction areas, passenger drop-off areas, corners and turning areas
• Many new recommendations for vertical illuminance in parking garages
• This new update recognizes differences in reflectance between concrete

(R1) and asphalt (R3) surfaces.

• Led to a visibility-based system of recommended lighting levels
• Calculations based on reflectance and contrast between important surfaces

(pavement vs. wheel stops and curbs) has caused illuminance recommendations to be higher in some conditions)

Paved Surfaces R1 = portland-cement concrete R2 = asphalt, aggregate consists of minimum 60% gravel passing 3/8-in. sieve R3 = asphalt, rough texture (typical highway) R4 = asphalt, smooth texture

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

• MASS TRANSIT
• CITY CENTERS
• SHOPPING CENTERS
• HIGHER EDUCATION
• FEDERAL
• INSTITUTIONS
• AIRPORTS
• DESTINATIONS
• CORPORATE CAMPUS

24/7/365 FACILTIES

• MAY REPRESENT THE GREATEST

TANGIBLE OPPORTUNITY FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND RETROFIT TODAY

• REQUIRE SPECIALIZED LIGHTING

EQUIPMENT TO DELIVER TASK-SPECIFIC LIGHT LEVELS AT REDUCED MOUNTING HEIGHTS

• HIGH-ACTIVITY 24/7/365 FACILITIES WITH

HIGH ENERGY USAGE AND FREQUENT LAMP AND BALLAST SERVICE

• LOW HANGING FRUIT

EXAMPLE

• WHAT DOES IT COST

TO RETROFIT A PARKING GARAGE?

Original HID System:

• OPERATING HOURS: 24
• HID WATTAGE: 175W
• 5 FLOOR FACILITY
• 130 FIXTURES / FLOOR
• 650 TOTAL FIXTURES

Level 1 2 3 4 5

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

EXAMPLE

• WHAT DOES IT COST

TO RETROFIT A PARKING GARAGE?

LED ALTERNATE:

• 24H X 210W X 130 X 5 = 3276KWh
• 3276KWh @ $0.08KWh* = $262.08 / Day
• $262.08 x 365 = $95,659.20 / Year

Level 1 2 3 4 5

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

EXAMPLE

• WHAT DOES IT COST

TO RETROFIT A PARKING GARAGE?

LED ALTERNATE:

• OPERATING HOURS: 24
• LED WATTAGE: 30W*
• 5 FLOOR FACILITY
• 130 FIXTURES / FLOOR
• 650 TOTAL FIXTURES

Level 1 2 3 4 5

*30W fixture is a commercially available product selected to maximize the potential savings available for this calculation while meeting RP-8 recommended illumination values (>1fc min, better than 10:1 Max-to-Min)

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

EXAMPLE

• WHAT DOES IT COST

TO RETROFIT A PARKING GARAGE?

LED ALTERNATE:

• 24H X 30W* X 130 X 5 = 468KWh
• 468KWh @ $0.08KWh* = $37.44 / Day
• $37.44 x 365 = $13,665.60 / Year

Level 1 2 3 4 5

• Average commercial energy rate in NC = 0.082/KWh

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

HID LED Annual Energy Cost $95,659.20 $13,665.60

Total Cost of Ownership:

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

HID (MTBF) LED (L70) Rated Lamp Hours 10,000 70,000

• Yrs. of Op. @ 24H / Day

1.14 8 Lamps used in 8 Years 7 8 Lamp Cost $25 $250 Labor (Fully Burdened $) $25 $25

Maintenance Comparison:

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

EXAMPLE

• WHAT DOES IT COST

TO RETROFIT A PARKING GARAGE?

HID Maintenance Cost:

• 650 Fixtures
• Replacement Lamp Cost: $50 (Labor & Material)
• Cost of 650 Fixtures: $32,500 (every 1.14 Years)
• In 8 Years: $228,070.18
• Average Annual Maintenance Cost: $28,508.77

Level 1 2 3 4 5

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

HID LED Annual Energy Cost $95,659.20 $13,665.60

• Maint. Cost (Avg. Annual)

$28,508.77 $0 Total $124,167.79 $13,665.60

Total Cost of Ownership: Average Annual Savings: $110,003.26

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

EXAMPLE

• WHAT DOES IT COST

TO RETROFIT A PARKING GARAGE?

Payback Analysis:

• 650 Fixtures @ $250:

$162,500

• Installation:

$50,000 (~$77/ea)

• Total Initial Cost:

$212,500

• Assuming An Average Annual Savings: $110,003.26:
• 1.93 Year R.O.I.

Level 1 2 3 4 5

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

EXAMPLE

• WHAT DOES IT COST

TO RETROFIT A PARKING GARAGE?

• Assuming An Average Annual Savings: $110,003.26:
• Cumulative Cash (At 8 Years)
• Total Annual Savings:

$888,026.09

• Less Initial Cost: -$212,500.00
• Cumulative Cash:

$675,526.09

Level 1 2 3 4 5

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

BEACON PRODUCTS

Parking Structures & Controls

LED

SPECIFICATION & DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS WORKSHOP

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Baseline Energy Usage

Zone Reduction TOTAL ENERGY USUAGE Fixtures Energy Usage Daylight Sensor (100% reduction) Occupant Sensor (50% reduction) # WATTAGE HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh KWh R 14 30 24 10.08 10.08 C 74 30 24 53.28 53.28 P 42 30 24 30.24 30.24

93.6

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Level 1

Zone Reduction TOTAL ENERGY USUAGE Fixtures Energy Usage Daylight Sensor (100% reduction) Occupant Sensor (50% reduction) # WATTAGE HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh KWh R 14 30 24 10.08 2

• 0.42

9.66 C 74 30 24 53.28 2

• 2.22

51.06 P 42 30 24 30.24 12

• 15.12

0.00 15.12 75.84

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Level 2

Zone Reduction TOTAL ENERGY USUAGE Fixtures Energy Usage Daylight Sensor (100% reduction) Occupant Sensor (50% reduction) # WATTAGE HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh KWh R 14 30 24 10.08 5

• 1.05

9.03 C 74 30 24 53.28 6

• 6.66

46.62 P 42 30 24 30.24 12

• 15.12

6

• 2.18

12.94 68.59

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Level 3

Zone Reduction TOTAL ENERGY USUAGE Fixtures Energy Usage Daylight Sensor (100% reduction) Occupant Sensor (50% reduction) # WATTAGE HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh KWh R 14 30 24 10.08 6

• 1.26

8.82 C 74 30 24 53.28 8

• 8.88

44.40 P 42 30 24 30.24 12

• 15.12

8

• 2.90

12.22 65.44

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Level 4

Zone Reduction TOTAL ENERGY USUAGE Fixtures Energy Usage Daylight Sensor (100% reduction) Occupant Sensor (50% reduction) # WATTAGE HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh KWh R 14 30 24 10.08 8

• 1.68

8.40 C 74 30 24 53.28 10

• 11.10

42.18 P 42 30 24 30.24 12

• 15.12

10

• 3.63

11.49 62.07

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Level 5

Zone Reduction TOTAL ENERGY USUAGE Fixtures Energy Usage Daylight Sensor (100% reduction) Occupant Sensor (50% reduction) # WATTAGE HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh HR / DAY KWh KWh R 14 30 24 10.08 12

• 2.52

7.56 C 74 30 24 53.28 16

• 17.76

35.52 P 42 30 24 30.24 12

• 15.12

17

• 6.17

8.95 52.03

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Comparison (Energy Usage)

Level HID LED LED w/ Controls 1 655.2 93.60 75.84 2 655.2 93.60 68.59 3 655.2 93.60 65.44 4 655.2 93.60 62.07 5 655.2 93.60 52.03 Total KWh / Day 3276.00 468.00 323.97

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Comparison (Energy Usage)

HID LED LED w/ Controls Total KWh / Day 3276.00 468.00 323.97 $ / Day $262.08 $37.44 $25.92 $ / Year $95,659.20 $13,665.60 $9,459.98

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Comparison (Annual Operating Costs)

System HID LED LED / Controls Energy $95,659.20 $13,665.60 $9,459.98 Maint. $28,508.77 $0.00 $0.00 Totals $124,167.97 $13,665.60 $9,459.98

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Comparison (Simple Payback Analysis)

System HID LED LED / Controls* Savings $0.00 $110,502.37 $114,707.99 Initial $ (Mat + Lab.) $0.00 $212.500.00 $245,000.00 ROI (Years) N/A 1.93 2.13 * Assumes $50.00 cost premium for fixture with controls

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Comparison (Lamp Source Summary)

Usage HID LED LED / Controls* Hours / Day 24 24 16.13 Hours / Year 8760 8760 5888.67 Years of operation 1.14 8 12 Cumulative Cash $675,526.09 $1,080,815.35 *Quantitative valuation of fixtures reduced to 50% is .5 per effected operating hour

EXAMPLE

PARKING STRUCTURE

& CONTROLS

• Comparison (Summary)
• Controls may significant impact ROI and Cumulative cash

flow

• The cost NOT TO USE CONTROLS may be several times the

initial cost of the LED fixtures

• As one might expect , ROI becomes more dependant of

maintenance avoidance as LED wattage increases

• Technology Comparison
• Linear fluorescent may represent

the lowest initial fixture cost, but more fixtures, junction boxes, labor maintenance and energy may be required to meet RP-20 minimum illumination and uniformity requirements.

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

• Technology Comparison
• Linear fluorescent

sources are not maintenance free.

SYSTEM WATTAGE LAMP LUMENS DELIVERED LUMENS LLF AVG MAX MIN AVG/MIN MAX/MIN LAMP L/W FIXTURE L/W 3xT8 82 8,700 6,467 0.73 4.07 14.40 0.80 5.09 18.00 106.10 78.87 LED48 44 N/A 3,648 0.85 2.68 4.00 1.40 1.91 2.86 N/A 82.53 LED90 89 N/A 6,165 0.85 4.47 6.70 2.30 1.94 2.91 N/A 69.50

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

• Technology Comparison
• Wasted Energy
• LED Opportunity

LED & Controls | Parking Garage

Thank you.