SLIDE 1
Learning Principles
- Denied existence of entity called
personality
- Disregards unconscious motivation.
- Behavior can be controlled by its
Learning Chapter 6 Learning Principles Denied existence of entity - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Learning Chapter 6 Learning Principles Denied existence of entity - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Learning Chapter 6 Learning Principles Denied existence of entity called personality Disregards unconscious motivation. Behavior can be controlled by its consequences, by reinforcer that follows the behavior. Learning Principles
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Learning Principles
- Behavior is controlled and modified by
variables that are external to organism.
- Conditioning involves substituting one
S for another. It will not occur without reinforcement.
SLIDE 4
Learning Theories
- Ivan Pavlov
- Classical Conditioning Paradigm
- UCS (meat) = UCR (saliva)
- Neutral S (bell) + UCS (meat) =
UCR (saliva)
- After pairing, CS (bell) = CR (saliva
- Importance of Classical
Conditioning in Emotions
SLIDE 5
Classical Conditioning
Classical Pavlov: conditioning paradigm
SLIDE 6
Classical Conditioning
SLIDE 7
Learning Theories - B.F. Skinner
- Thorndike’s Law of Effect
- Terms of operant conditioning = learning in which
voluntary behavior is affected by its consequences
- Reinforcement: primary; secondary;
- Positive / Negative reinforcement
- escape conditioning
- avoidance conditioning
- Punishment
- Extinction
- Generalization/ discrimination
- Shaping
– Superstitious behavior – Spontaneous recovery – return of conditioned R
SLIDE 8
Operant Conditioning
Skinner box
SLIDE 9
Operant Conditioning
- Reinforcement occurs after -
- Continuous reinforcement
- Partial (intermittent) reinforcement
- Schedules of reinforcement -
- Fixed ratio = number of times fixed
- Variable ratio = number of times varies
- Fixed interval = space of time fixed
- Variable interval = space of time varies
SLIDE 10
Learning
- Behavior Modification Programs
- Behavior modification is the practical
application of operant conditioning.
- Behavior Modification -
– Behavior to be changed – Baselines – Rewards – Charts – Review
SLIDE 11
Evaluation of Skinner
- Ignored:
– Cognitive influences – Biologically disposed patterns – Results of excessive rewards
- Useful in:
– Education – Interactive media – Business – Parenting – Self-improvement
SLIDE 12
SLIDE 13
Learning by Observation
Albert Bandura
- Possible involvement
- f “mirror neurons”
- Latent learning without
reinforcement
- Observational learning
SLIDE 14
Learning by Observation
Albert Bandura
- Film – Bobo Doll
SLIDE 15
Learning by Observation
- Prosocial effects - models
- Antisocial effects –
– Abusive parents – Wife-battering husbands – Violence in media
SLIDE 16
Chapter 6 - Review
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Reinforcement – continuous; partial schedules
- Terms –
– Reinforcement: positive; negative – Punishment – Extinction – Generalization / discrimination – Shaping – Superstition – Spontaneous recovery
- – Behavioral Modification
Learning by observation - Bandura