SLIDE 1 Le Lega gacies cies of C
flict: ct: Evide Evidenc nce e from from the the Po Pove verty rty an and d So Social Exc cial Exclusion lusion Su Survey rvey 201 2012
Armagh 14 May 2014
Mike Tomlinson Queen’s University Belfast
www.poverty.ac.uk
SLIDE 2 What happened?
Prevalence of each type of experience Intensity of experience When worst experience took place
To whom did it happen?
- Gender
- Community background
- Age
- Households
What are the impacts?
Unemployment Deprivation Poor mental and physical health
SLIDE 3
What happened?
Prevalence of each type of experience
Did you experience…? Someone killed % of adults
No-one close was killed 65.2 A close friend was killed 10.7 A close relative was killed 10.0 Someone else you knew personally was killed 24.7
Did you experience…? Someone killed % of adults
Either close friend OR relative was killed 17.1 Two or more of close friend, close relative and other 6.7 Intensity of experience
SLIDE 4
What happened?
Prevalence of each type of experience
Did you experience…? Someone physically injured % of adults
No-one you knew was injured 67.0 A close friend was injured 10.7 A close relative was injured 11.6 Someone else you knew personally was injured 20.5
Did you experience…? Someone physically injured
% of adults Either close friend OR relative was killed 17.1 Two or more of close friend, close relative and other 6.7 Intensity of experience
SLIDE 5
What happened?
Prevalence of each type of experience
Did you witness…? Violent event % of adults
No Troubles event 43.4 Rioting 35.6 A bomb explosion 33.0 Gunfire 22.4 Someone being assaulted 19.6 Other serious violence 10.0 A murder 3.0
SLIDE 6
What happened?
Prevalence of each type of experience
Other events…? % of adults
Know someone who spent time in prison 19.0 House searched by police/army 8.8 Move house due to attack, intimidation, threats… 4.4 Leave job due to attack, intimidation, threats… 3.7
SLIDE 7
What happened?
When worst experience took place
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
%
SLIDE 8 To whom did it happen?
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 10 20 30 40 50
Women Men Close friend killed Close relative killed Someone else killed Self injured Close friend injured Close relative injured Someone else injured Witnessed bomb Witnessed murder Witnessed gunfire Witnessed rioting Witnessed assault Witnessed other serious violence Known prisoner House searched Moved house Left job Known prisoner
SLIDE 9 To whom did it happen?
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 10 20 30 40
Protestants Catholics Close friend killed Close relative killed Someone else killed Self injured Close friend injured Close relative injured Someone else injured Witnessed bomb Witnessed murder Witnessed gunfire Witnessed rioting Witnessed assault Witnessed other serious violence House searched Moved house Left job Known prisoner
SLIDE 10 To whom did it happen?
- Age: 45-64 yr olds compared to 16-34 yr olds
Risk Ratio Risk Ratio
CFK 3.7 Pris 0.8 CRK 1.5 PrisS 1.8 SelfI 1.6 PrisCF 2.1 CFI 3.0 PrisCR 0.5 CRI 1.7 HSE 2.5 WitB 3.9 MVH 1.7 WitM 3.2 MVJ 3.3 WitG 3.2 WitR 1.2 WitO 0.8 WitA 0.7
SLIDE 11 To whom did it happen?
Single Pensioner Pensioner adults
Single non- pensioner Non- pensioner adults Single parent Adults + children All adults
CFK 9.1 11.6 16.2 14.2 9.3 6.5 10.7 SelfI 5.5 2 9.9 2.7 2.9 3.6 3.9 WitM 2.3 3.4 5.8 2.7 1.7 2.5 3
SLIDE 12 What are the impacts?
Unemployment Deprivation %
- 1. NONE
- 2. KO
- 3. IO
- 4. K+I
Up to 12 months unemployed in last 5 years 6.4 7.1 11.5 5.0 12 months or more unemployment in last five years 9.8 7.7 10.9 10.5 Deprivation 3+ 30.2 24.2 39.4 38.2
SLIDE 13 Expe Experien rience ce of Violenc
e Ind Index ex (EV (EVI) I)
Experience of someone killed in Troubles: A close friend/s was killed A close relative/s was killed Someone else that you knew personally was killed Experience of someone injured in Troubles: I was physically injured A close friend was physically injured A close relative was physically injured Someone else you know personally was physically injured Witnessed particular events in Troubles: A Bomb explosion A murder Gunfire Rioting Someone being assaulted Other serious violence Spent time in prison because of Troubles: Yourself Close friends Close relatives Other relatives Others Whether house ever searched by police Number of times house searched Whether moved house due to attack, intimidation, threats or harassment Whether left a job because of an attack, intimidation, threats or harassment 21 indicators combined into single scale (0-100). Values range from 0 to 82.5.
SLIDE 14 What are the impacts?
Unemployment Deprivation
R² = 0.9658 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
No experience Slight experience Low experience Moderate experience High experience Extreme experience
Proportion of adults with 3+ Deprivation
SLIDE 15
What are the impacts?
Poor mental and physical health: Life Satisfaction
0 to 4 5 to 6 7 to 10 Ave rating GB 2012-2013 All 5.75 17.22 77.03 7.45 Disabled 12.57 24.33 63.09 6.82 Unemployed 14.10 28.77 57.14 6.58 PSE-NI 2012 CFK 15.7 21.4 62.9 6.89 SelfI 17.8 24.5 57.8 6.45 CFI 12.3 19.3 68.4 7.03 WitM 23.3 18 58.7 6.6 No Troubles experience 5.4 13.6 81.1 7.68
SLIDE 16 What are the impacts?
Poor mental and physical health: Life Satisfaction
R² = 0.944
6.000 6.100 6.200 6.300 6.400 6.500 6.600 6.700 6.800 6.900 7.000 7.100 7.200 7.300 7.400 7.500 7.600 7.700 7.800 7.900 8.000
None Low Moderate High
SLIDE 17 What are the impacts?
Poor mental and physical health: General Health
R² = 0.9871
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 None Low Moderate High
Bad/very bad health by Troubles experience
R² = 0.9188
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 None Low Moderate High
Very good/good health by Troubles experience
SLIDE 18
What are the impacts?
Poor mental and physical health: General Health
R² = 0.8213 5 10 15 20 25
Very bad/bad health by Troubles experience
R² = 0.9136 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Very good/good health by Troubles experience
SLIDE 19 What are the impacts?
Poor mental health
R² = 0.9525
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
No experience Slight experience Low experience Moderate experience High experience Extreme experience
Proportion of adults with GHQ-12, 4+ scores
