Latino Populations Myriam E. Torres, PhD, MSPH Clinical Associate - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Latino Populations Myriam E. Torres, PhD, MSPH Clinical Associate - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 25, 2024 187 likes •854 views

Latino Populations Myriam E. Torres, PhD, MSPH Clinical Associate Professor Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Director Consortium for Latino Immigration Studies Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Prepared for:

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Latino Populations

Myriam E. Torres, PhD, MSPH Clinical Associate Professor Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Director Consortium for Latino Immigration Studies Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Prepared for: Leveraging Human Difference: A Strategic Priority for Business Success & Community Prosperity. Greenville Chamber Diversity & Inclusion Summit October 17, 2017

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Outline

  • Latinos in the US
  • History of immigration
  • Data: Latinos in the South
  • Other considerations
  • Cultural Characteristics
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HISPANIC/LATINOS IN THE US

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US population by Race/Ethnicity (2016)

Total 323,127,513 100% White 248,485,057 76.9% Hispanic/Latino 57,516,697 17.8 % African American 42,975,959 13.3 %

Source: QuickFacts data US Census Bureau, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/SEX255216 accessed on September 4, 2017

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Diversity of the Latino population

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U.S. Hispanic Population, by Origin, 2013 (Percentages)

Mexico Puerto Rico El Salvador Cuba Dominican Rep. Guatemala Colombia Honduras Spain Ecuador 17.5 35 52.5 70 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.3 3.7 3.8 9.5 63.4

Source: US Census Bureau, 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Accessed: https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk September 4, 2017

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History

'A Day Without a Mexican'

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Puerto Ricans

  • 2nd largest Hispanic

group

  • US citizens (1917)
  • Great Migration: after

WW II

  • In 1899 PR owned 93%
  • f all farms
  • In 1930, US controlled
  • %
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Puerto Ricans

  • Poverty present in PR

in the US

  • Children:

– Less unemployment – Higher educational attainment – Higher incomes

  • Strong ethnic identity
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Cubans

  • Migration: politically

instigated

  • First, tobacco workers

were relocated in the US

  • 1959-1962 155,000+

people left

  • 1965-1972 257,000
  • 1980 “Marielitos” 120,000
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Cubans

  • Most Cubans Miami
  • Arrived with capital,

education

  • Early immigrants:

privileged

  • Others: lower-middle &

working class

  • Disproportionately

elderly and educated

  • Supported by the U.S.
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US and Cuba re-opened Embassies on July 20, 2015

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Trump New Policies towards Cuba 
 June 16, 2017

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Mexico

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Mexicans

  • Largest Hispanic

group in the US

  • Only group that
  • riginates in the

continental US

  • Migration started

early in the century and escalated after the Mexican revolution: 1911

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Mexicans

  • Mexico ceded 55% of

its territory to the US (present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming)

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 and 1853 Gadsden Purchase

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Mexicans

  • During the Great

Depression repatriation project

  • WW II doors re-opened

300,000-500,000 Mexicans served in US armed forces

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Mexicans

  • 1942-1964: Bracero

program brought hundred of thousands

  • f Mexicans to do

agriculture work

  • Many returned but

many stayed

Bracero card

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“Other” Latinos

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“Other” Latinos

  • Foreign born
  • More recent

immigrants

  • Most fleeing from

– Political violence – War – Poverty

  • Excluded from support

services

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Census Data

Sources: 1) US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. US Census Bureau. 2) Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. 2010 Census Briefs & 2015 American Community Survey 3) Pew Research Center 4) Kids Count

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“More than half of the growth in the total population of the United States between 2000 and 2010 was due to the increase in the Hispanic population”

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US Hispanic/Latino Population

2nd largest Hispanic population worldwide

Mexico: 128.9 million US: 57.5 million Colombia: 47 million and Spain: 46.4 million

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Latinos in the South


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States with Largest Hispanic Population Growth, 2000-2010

State Growth 2000-2010 (%) South Carolina 148 Alabama 145 Tennessee 134 Kentucky 122 Arkansas 114 North Carolina 111 State Growth 2000-2010 (%) Maryland 106 Mississippi 106 South Dakota 103 Delaware 96 Georgia 96 Virginia 92

Source: Pew Hispanic Center tabulations of U.S. Census Bureau Redistricting_Files-PL_94-171 for states PEW HISPANIC CENTER, March 2011

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Selected States with Large Hispanic Population Growth

State Growth 2000-2010 (%) % of the population 2010 and 2015 Georgia 96 8.8 – 9.4 North Carolina 111 8.4 – 9.1 South Carolina 148 5.1 – 5.5 Tennessee 134 4.6 – 5.2 Alabama 145 3.9 – 4.2 Mississippi 106 2.7 – 3.1

Source: Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, Current Population Survey, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits. Retrieved: 1 30 2017

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NC Population

Race/Ethnicity Number % Total 10,146,788 100 White 7,204219 71.0 Black or African American 2,252,587 22.2 Hispanic or Latino 933,504 9.2

Source U.S. Census Bureau: State and County QuickFacts. Data derived from Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits . Retrieved: September 4, 2017

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SC Population

Race/Ethnicity Number % Total 4,961,119 100 White 3,398,367 68.5 Black or African American 1,364,308 27.5 Hispanic or Latino 272,868 5.5

Source U.S. Census Bureau: State and County QuickFacts. Data derived from Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits . Retrieved: September 4, 2017

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Latino Population – Selected States

State % Latino Population United States 17.8 Florida 24.9 Georgia 9.4 North Carolina 9.2 Virginia 9.1 South Carolina 5.5 Tennessee 5.2 Louisiana 5.0 Alabama 4.2 Mississippi 3.1 Source: QuickFacts. US Census Bureau: State and County Facts, 2016. Accessed: September 4, 2017

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SC Counties with Largest Latino Population

County Latino Population County % Greenville 43,284 8.8 Richland 20,760 5.1 Beaufort 20,114 11.2 Charleston 19,463 5.0 Spartanburg 19,325 6.5 Horry 18,861 6.1 Lexington 16,346 5.8 Berkeley 12,573 6.2 York 11,028 5.1 Aiken 9,121 5.5

Source U.S. Census Bureau: QuickFacts data are derived from: Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, Current Population Survey, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits. Retrieved 2016


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Age of Hispanics in South Carolina 
 (data in thousands)

AGE (IN YEARS) ALL NON-HISPANICS HISPANICS Age groups White Black All Native born Foreign born Younger than 5 304 157 98 30 30 <0.5 5-17 777 438 247 55 45 10 18-29 785 457 244 55 24 31 30-39 584 355 165 47 12 35 40-49 636 415 175 29 11 18 50-64 938 657 243 19 9 10 65 and older 656 511 129 7 4 3 Source: Pew Research Center. 2011

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Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of the 2014 American Community Survey

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North Carolina South Carolina

Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of the 2014 American Community Survey

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US Vs. Foreign-born Hispanics

North Carolina South Carolina

Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of the 2014 American Community Survey

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  • 164,000 registered voters in North

Carolina in 2016

  • 88,000 SC Latinos can vote (2016 data)
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Mortality Data

United States South Carolina

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Leading Causes of Death

Cause of Death White Hispanic / Latino Mexicans Puerto Ricans Cubans

Diseases of the heart

1 1 1 1 1

Malignant neoplasms

2 2 2 2 2

Chronic lower resp. dis.

3 6 7 6 5

Unintentional injuries

4 5 5 5 4

Cerebrovascular diseases

5 3 3 4 3

Alzheimer’s disease

6 7 6 7 7

Diabetes Mellitus

7 4 4 3 6

Suicide

8 13 13 13 10

Influenza and pneumonia

9 9 9 8 9

Nephrotic syndrome

10 10 10 10 8

Source: CDC. MMWR. (2015) Vital Signs: Leading Causes of Death, Prevalence of Diseases and Risk Factors, and Use of Health Services Among Hispanics in the United States — 2009–2013

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Summary

Like whites, Hispanics most frequently die from heart disease or cancer. Although Hispanics have lower death rates than whites for 9 of the 15 leading causes of death, Hispanic death rates for diabetes and chronic liver disease including cirrhosis are higher by about 50%.

Source: CDC. MMWR. (2015) Vital Signs: Leading Causes of Death, Prevalence of Diseases and Risk Factors, and Use of Health Services Among Hispanics in the United States — 2009–2013

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SC All-Cause Death Rates*

2.8 5.5 8.3 11 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 White not Hispanic Black Not Hispanic Hispanic/Latino Source: SCAN DHEC. Death Rates (2004-2015). * Age-Adjusted

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Economic Implications

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Contributions of Immigrants to SC

  • 16,229 immigrants in South Carolina are

self-employed

  • Immigrant-owned businesses generated

$207.3M in business income for SC in 2014

  • 47,098 people in SC are employed at firms
  • wned by immigrants

– 9% of SC entrepreneurs are immigrants

Source: New American Economy, 2016

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In 2014…

  • Latinos: $1.6 billion (income)

– $345.6 million paid in taxes

  • $230.7 million (federal taxes)
  • $114.9 million (state and local)
  • Latinos work mainly in construction,

packing plants (e.g. meats and vegetables), agriculture, service industries and landscaping services

Source: New American Economy, 2016

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Buying Power

  • Total: $4.4 billion annually
  • remittances:
  • $3.5 billion in 2005

Moore School of Business and Consortium for Latino Immigration Studies, 2006

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OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

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Sources of Hispanic Population Growth, by Decade

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Source: Pew Research Center Report – September 29, 2017

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Source: Pew Research Center Report – September 29, 2017

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Source: Pew Research Center Report – September 29, 2017

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Source: Pew Research Center Report – September 29, 2017

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SC Immigration Laws

  • SC Illegal Immigration Reform Act (H.

4400) - Signed by Governor Mark Sanford

  • n June 4, 2008
  • SC Illegal Immigration Reform Bill (SB 20) -

Signed by Governor Nikki Haley on June 27, 2011

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DACA 
 (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)

  • Started in 2012 – President Obama
  • Rescinded by President Trump in 2017
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TRANSLATION ISSUES

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CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

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About the Hispanic Family

  • Parentesco - Family ideology
  • Confianza (the importance
  • f trust)
  • Personalismo (personal

relationships)

  • Respeto (respect) for elders,

teachers, doctors

  • Communication style (to the

point?)

  • Children do not leave home

at 18

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Latino Cultural Values

  • Social gatherings
  • Flexible time (applies to

work)

  • Personal space (?)
  • Desire to adapt to U.S.

culture and maintain their own culture at the same time

  • Desire to learn English
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 Questions, Comments?


www.sph.sc.edu/cli
 Myriam.Torres@sc.edu 


Gracias!

Painting by: Alejandro Garcia-Lemos