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Laboratory infrastructure and biological security challenges, from - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 20, 2023 516 likes •996 views

Patrick BASTIAENSEN Programme Officer Sub-Regional Representation for Eastern Africa World Organisation for Animal Health Laboratory infrastructure and biological security challenges, from an African perspective Patrick BASTIAENSEN Jennifer

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Patrick BASTIAENSEN

Laboratory infrastructure and biological security challenges, from an African perspective

Programme Officer Sub-Regional Representation for Eastern Africa World Organisation for Animal Health

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Patrick BASTIAENSEN Jennifer LASLEY Tianna BRAND

World Organisation for Animal Health

Raphael PRENAT

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, Group of Experts

Laboratory infrastructure and biological security challenges, from an African perspective

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World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 4

  • The environment
  • AUC support to UNSCR 1540
  • Laboratory performance
  • OIE support to UNSCR 1540
  • Conclusions

Agenda

Source : Pinterest

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Stamping out of bird flu affected poultry farms in Nigeria (2006) Photo credit : public domain (2006)

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Chapter 1

The security challenges and biological threats environment in Africa

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UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa is important

Source : se.dreamstime.com

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UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : arms trafficking UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : drugs trafficking UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : human trafficking

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UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : terrorism

Maps kindly supplied by Raphael Prenat

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UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : health, wildlife

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UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : terrorism

Source : independent.co.uk

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The Nominal Lethality of Different Biological Weapons, Part One

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WHO (1970) OIE Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, melitensis,…) Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) Rift Valley fever (RVF) Numbers of casualties from the delivery of 1,000 kg Numbers of casualties from the delivery of 50 kg

The Nominal Lethality of Different Biological Weapons, Part One

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WHO (1970) OIE* Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, melitensis,…) Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) Rift Valley fever (RVF) Numbers of casualties from the delivery of 50 kg (*) Listed diseases in 2017

The Nominal Lethality of Different Biological Weapons, Part One

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WHO (1970) OIE* Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, melitensis,…) Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) Rift Valley fever (RVF) (*) Listed diseases in 2017 WAHIS (2016) 28 3 23 24

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WHO (1970) Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, melitensis,…) Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) Rift Valley fever (RVF)

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WHO (1970) Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, melitensis,…) Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) Rift Valley fever (RVF)

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World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 18

WHO (1970) Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, melitensis,…) Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) Rift Valley fever (RVF)

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WHO (1970) Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, melitensis,…) Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) Rift Valley fever (RVF)

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WHO (1970) Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, melitensis,…) Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) Rift Valley fever (RVF)

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Chapter 2

PVS critical competencies, pertaining to laboratory services and performance

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The OIE PVS Pathway (established 2007)

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(access to) Veterinary laboratory diagnosis

  • Revised in 2012 (introducing 1.A and 1.B)
  • The authority and capability of the VS

(to have access to laboratory diagnosis in order)

to identify and record pathogenic agents, including those relevant for public health, that can adversely affect animals and animal products.

  • Five (5) levels of advancement (LoA)
  • CC. II. 1. (A)
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5 10 15 20 25 Level of advancement 5 Level of advancement 4 Level of advancement 3 Level of advancement 2 Level of advancement 1

(access to) Veterinary laboratory diagnosis

  • CC. II. 1. (A)

N = 44

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Laboratory quality assurance

  • Introduced in 2008
  • The quality of laboratories (that conduct

diagnostic testing or analysis for chemical residues, antimicrobial residues, toxins,

  • r tests for, biological efficacy, etc.) as

measured by the use of formal QA systems including, but not limited to, participation in relevant proficiency testing programmes.

  • CC. II. 2.
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5 10 15 20 25 Level of advancement 5 Level of advancement 4 Level of advancement 3 Level of advancement 2 Level of advancement 1

Laboratory quality assurance

  • CC. II. 2.

N = 30

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UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : Ebola crisis

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UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : Ebola crisis

  • II. 1. (access to) Veterinary laboratory diagnosis

“the authority and capability of the VS to have access to laboratory diagnosis in

  • rder to identify and record pathogenic

agents, including those relevant for public health, that can adversely affect animals and animal products”.

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UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : Ebola crisis

  • II. 1. (access to) Veterinary laboratory diagnosis

For major zoonoses and diseases of national economic importance, the VS have access to and use a laboratory to

  • btain a correct diagnosis.

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> one country

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UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : Ebola crisis

  • II. 1. (access to) Veterinary laboratory diagnosis

Disease diagnosis is almost always conducted by clinical means only, with no access to and use of a laboratory to

  • btain a correct diagnosis.

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> two countries

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Chapter 3

OIE Support

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The OIE PVS Pathway

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 C/Ivoire : Dec. 2015  Sudan : Nov. 2015  Uganda : Oct. 2015  Tunisia : Mar. 2014  Libya : Dec. 2013  Tanzania : May 2013

PVS Laboratory Support Missions

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The OIE PVS Pathway

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 As per September 2017  Completed : 16  Ongoing : 10  Approved: 3  Worldwide : 82 (Africa 35%)

OIE facilitated lab twinning agreements (29)

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OIE facilitated lab twinning agreements (18)

 OIE listed diseases of the

List of human and animal pathogens and toxins for export control (Australia Group, 2016)

 Completed : 10  Ongoing : 7  Approved: 1

AU-PANVAC Debre-Zeit Ethiopia

« biosafety and biosecurity »

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Chapter 4

African Union support .

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UNSCR 1540 African Union

The African Union Commission oversees the implementation of UNSCR 1540 at African level and this task is entrusted to its Department of Peace and Security

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UNSCR 1540 African Union

Algeria Benin Burundi Cabo Verde Congo (Rep) Congo (Dem. Republic) Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Niger Togo Uganda Zambia Algeria Benin Burundi Cabo Verde Congo (Rep) Congo (Dem. Republic) Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Niger Togo Uganda Zambia

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Chapter 5

Conclusions

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The challenges

  • Many diseases of relevance to biological

threats are widespread on the continent;

  • Rapidly changing environmental, political and

economic environment, emergence of new diseases and of terrorism;

  • Laboratories in many countries don’t keep

pace with these changes and lag behind in quality assurance, including proper biosafety and biosecurity.

Africa

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The response

  • Many OIE and FAO (and joint FAO-IAEA)

tools are available to help;

  • UNSCR 1540 and the African Union

Commission are available to help;

  • Many veterinary laboratory managers in

Africa need to become aware of the risks and set-up containment plans and security plans, including appropriate BSL infrastructures and stringent access control.

Africa

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In conclusion…

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In conclusion…

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Thank you for your attention

12, rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France

www.oie.int media@oie.int - oie@oie.int

Rabies diagnostic Training at ARC-OVI Photo credit : OVI SEARG (2009)