Biological Risk Management and Biological Risk Management and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Biological Risk Management and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 Biological Risk Management and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540

Dana Perkins, PhD Dana Perkins, PhD 1540 Committee Expert 1540 Committee Expert American Association for the Advancement of Science American Association for the Advancement of Science 18 October 2013, Washington, DC 18 October 2013, Washington, DC

Unless otherwise specified, the opinions presented here are those of the presenter and may not necessarily reflect the views of the 1540 Committee, its Group of Experts, or the UN Security Council

Resolution 1540 (2004) Adopted under Chapter VII of UN Charter: Resolution 1540 (2004) Adopted under Chapter VII of UN Charter: A Response to Threats to Peace and Security A Response to Threats to Peace and Security

Refrain from providing any form

• f support to non-State actors

that attempt to develop, acquire, manufacture, possess, transport, transfer or use nuclear, chemical

• r biological weapons

biological weapons and their means of delivery Adopt and enforce appropriate effective laws prohibiting activities involving the proliferation of such weapons and their means of delivery to non non-

• State actors, in particular for

State actors, in particular for terrorist purposes terrorist purposes, as well any attempts to engage in such activities, assist or finance them

Legally binding obligations on all States under Resolution 1540 Legally binding obligations on all States under Resolution 1540 (2004), to: (2004), to:

Implement and enforce appropriate controls

• ver related materials

related materials in order to: Account for and secure Account for and secure items in production, use, storage or transport; Physically protect; Physically protect; Detect, deter, prevent and combat the illicit Detect, deter, prevent and combat the illicit trafficking and brokering trafficking and brokering through effective border controls an law enforcement efforts; Control the export, transit, trans Control the export, transit, trans-

• shipment

shipment and re and re-

• export and the provision of funds

export and the provision of funds and services and services related to such export and trans-shipment that would contribute to proliferation; Penalize violations Penalize violations.

• Means of delivery:

Means of delivery: missiles, rockets and other

unmanned systems unmanned systems capable of delivering nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons, that are specially designed for such use

• Non

Non-

• State actor:

State actor: individual or entity

individual or entity, not acting under the lawful authority of any State in conducting activities which come within the scope of this resolution

• Related materials:

Related materials: materials, equipment and technology

covered by relevant multilateral treaties and arrangements covered by relevant multilateral treaties and arrangements, or , or included on national control lists included on national control lists, which could be used for the design, development, production or use of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery Definitions for the purpose of resolution 1540 (2004) Definitions for the purpose of resolution 1540 (2004)

Visit of 1540 expert at the Volpentest HAMMER Training and Education Center, 5-7 Feb 2013, Richland, USA US NIH Biosafety and Bicocontainment Training Program- Dana Perkins personal photo

Illustrative Example Illustrative Example

http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/29B727532FECBE96C12571860035A6DB?OpenDocument Anthrax Leahy Letter Powder: FBI (public domain) Gruinard Island: Site of British anthrax experiment during WWII Source: http://www.gifte.de/gruinard_island_bild01.htm “Two R-400A bombs photographed by UNSCOM inspectors at Murasana Airfield near the Al Walid Airbase in late 1991 bearing the markings indicating they were to be filled with botulinum toxin…”- http://www.fas.org/irp/cia/product/Iraq_Oct_2002.pdf Anthrax cultures: CDC/Dr. James Feeley, Public Health Image Library #1165

Resolution 1540 (2004) and anti Resolution 1540 (2004) and anti-

• terrorism provisions

terrorism provisions

• Resolution 1540 (2004) imposes obligations under

Chapter VII to deal with the threat to peace and security posed inter alia by links between terrorism, non-State actors and WMDs

• The Security Council has encouraged States to

unilaterally define terrorism in national law While not expressly framed as a definition, the Security Council recalls that the following acts are never justifiable: “. . . criminal acts, including against civilians, committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose to provoke a state of terror in the general public or in a group of persons or particular persons, intimidate a population or compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act, which constitute offences within the scope of and as defined in the international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism…” and “calls upon all States to prevent such acts…”–

Security Council resolution 1566 (2004)

Anti Anti-

• terrorism provisions and

terrorism provisions and biosecurity biosecurity in national reports to the 1540 Committee in national reports to the 1540 Committee Excerpts from the Philippines National report to the 1540 Committee, 02 July 2013

BWC and resolution 1540 (2004) are mutually reinforcing BWC and resolution 1540 (2004) are mutually reinforcing “[Security Council] calls upon States to renew and calls upon States to renew and fulfill their commitment to multilateral cooperation fulfill their commitment to multilateral cooperation, in particular within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Convention, as important means of pursuing and achieving their common objectives in the area of non-proliferation and of promoting international cooperation for peaceful purposes… [and] promote the universal adoption and full promote the universal adoption and full i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , an d, w h er e necessa r y, i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , an d, w h er e necessa r y, strengthening of multilateral treaties strengthening of multilateral treaties to which they are parties, whose aim is to prevent the proliferation

• f nuclear, biological or chemical weapons”

– Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004)

Security Council Meets on Non Security Council Meets on Non-

• Proliferation of

Proliferation of WMDs WMDs UN Photo: UN Photo: Eskinder Eskinder Debebe Debebe, 28 April 2004 , 28 April 2004

BWC and resolution 1540 (2004) are mutually reinforcing BWC and resolution 1540 (2004) are mutually reinforcing

[BWC States Parties] noted that “information provided to information provided to the United Nations by states in the United Nations by states in accordance with Resolution accordance with Resolution 1540 may provide a useful 1540 may provide a useful resource for States Parties in resource for States Parties in fulfilling their obligations fulfilling their obligations u n d e r t his A rticle [ 4] ”

– Final Declaration of BWC States Parties at the 7th Review Conference

The Seventh Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Conventi The Seventh Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention,

• n,

5 5-

• 22 December 2011

22 December 2011, Photo: Dana Perkins Photo: Dana Perkins

BWC Meeting of Experts, 12 BWC Meeting of Experts, 12-

• 16 August 2013

16 August 2013

The 1540 Committee was invited for the first time to pr e sent in the BWC plenary, proving the C h a i r ’ s m o t t o o f “bringing in more voices” t o t h e B W C f o r u m

1540 presentation at the BWC MX, 15 August 2013 / Photo: James Revill Current and former 1540 experts at the 2013 BWC MX / Photo: Lela Bakanidze

Report of the 2013 BWC Meeting of Experts Report of the 2013 BWC Meeting of Experts

http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/4FCA57B69503A1DCC1257BF2003B4A6A/$file/Advance-BWC_MSP_2013_MX_3-report.pdf

“… “…Global cooperation in upholding resolution 1540 is vital in preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism. I appreciate the Security Council 1540 Committee’s contributions to this great cause. Participants at the nuclear security summit, both in Washington D.C. and Seoul, have expressed overwhelming support for the work of this resolution. The United Nations and its Member States are working hard to ensure that weapons of mass destruction are never used again by anyone, anywhere…” …”

Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, remarks at event on "Preventing the Proliferation

• f Weapons of Mass Destruction to Non-

State Actors : The Implementation of Resolution 1540 (2004) in the Arab World“, hosted by the Permanent Mission of Saudi Arabia to the United Nations, 22 April 2013

http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2013/04/the-possibility- that-terrorist-groups-could-obtain-weapons-of-mass-destruction- should-not-be-dismissed-as-a-fiction-ban/

• The 1540 Committee established

pursuant to resolution 1540 (2004) is a subsidiary body of the Security Council

• The current Group of Experts

Group of Experts was established per resolutions 1977 (2011) and 2055 (2012) “ “to to assist the Committee in carrying assist the Committee in carrying

• ut its mandate
• ut its mandate…”

…”

1540 Committee Chair (ROK) 1540 Committee Member 1540 Group of Experts Member

“[Security Council] expresses its intention to monitor closely the implementation

• f this resolution and, at the appropriate level, to take further decisions which

may be required to this end”- Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) 1540 Committee and its Group of Experts 1540 Committee and its Group of Experts

• “

“[The Security Council] [The Security Council] decides that Member States shall inform immediately the Security Council of any violation of resolution 1540 (2004), including acquisition by non-State actors of chemical weapons, their means of delivery and related materials in order to take necessary measures therefore”- Security Council Resolution 2118 (2013)

The use of BW (or CW) would constitute prima facie evidence of a The use of BW (or CW) would constitute prima facie evidence of a breach of international obligations breach of international obligations

Members of the Security Council vote on resolution 2118 UN Photo/Mark Garten (27 September 2013)

The The 1540 Architecture 1540 Architecture

UN Security Council UN Security Council

Monitoring & national implementation Assistance

Cooperation with international

• rganizations, including the Security

Council committees established pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1373 (2001)

Transparency & media outreach

1540 Committee 1540 Committee

Group of Experts Group of Experts

UN Office for UN Office for Disarmament Disarmament Affairs Affairs UN UN Department Department

• f Political
• f Political

Affairs Affairs

Regional and sub-regional seminars and workshops

Monitoring national Monitoring national implementation implementation

• States

States’ ’ national national reports and reports and updates updates

• States

States’ ’ national national points of contact points of contact

• States

States’ ’ voluntary voluntary national action national action plans plans

• Visits to States

Visits to States at their invitation at their invitation

• Country

Country-

• specific

specific activities and activities and dialogue dialogue

• Committee

Committee’ ’s s 1540 matrix 1540 matrix

Assistance and Assistance and cooperation cooperation Transparency and Transparency and

• utreach
• utreach

Reporting to the Reporting to the Security Council Security Council

The Group of Experts supports the process The Group of Experts supports the process

• Matchmaking of

Matchmaking of requests and offers of requests and offers of assistance assistance

• Cooperation with SC

Cooperation with SC committees 1267 & 1373 committees 1267 & 1373 and international/ and international/ regional organizations regional organizations

• Committee members

Committee members and experts and experts’ ’ participation in participation in

• utreach events
• utreach events
• 1540 Committee

1540 Committee website website

• 1540 Compass journal

1540 Compass journal

• Committee

Committee’ ’s annual s annual Program of Work Program of Work

• Annual review on the

Annual review on the implementation of implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) resolution 1540 (2004)

• Biannual briefing on

Biannual briefing on cooperation between the cooperation between the SC committees 1267, SC committees 1267, 1373, and 1540 1373, and 1540

The 1540 Process The 1540 Process

The 1540 Matrix The 1540 Matrix

• A “1540 Matrix” is prepared by the

1540 Committee for each State

• A matrix has 389 “fields” covering

activities related to the operative paragraphs (OP) of the resolution

• When completed, the matrix links

the obligations of resolution 1540 (2004) with national implementation measures

Committee Committee-

• approved matrices are posted online (all matrices are currently

approved matrices are posted online (all matrices are currently being updated) being updated)

http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540/national-implementation/1540-matrix/committee-approved-matrices.shtml

1540 matrix 1540 matrix – – main sections main sections

• OP 1 and related matters from OP 5, OP 6, OP 8 (a), (b), (c) and OP 10

– Legally binding instruments, organizations, codes of conduct, arrangements, statements and other issues.

• OP 2 ‐

‐ ‐ ‐ Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Weapons (NW, CW and BW)

– Does national legislation exist which prohibits persons or entities to engage in the specified activities ? Can violators be penalized ?

• OP 3 (a) and (b) ‐

‐ ‐ ‐ Account for/Secure/Physically protect NW, CW and BW, including Related Materials

– Are any of the following measures, procedures or legislation in place to account for, secure or otherwise protect NW, CW, BW and Related Materials? Can violators be penalized ? – OP 3 (a) and (b) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Account for/Secure/Physically protect NCBW including Related Materials (NW, CW and BW- specific, respectively)

• OP 3 (c) and (d) and related matters from OP 6 and OP 10 ‐

‐ ‐ ‐ Controls of NW, CW and BW, including Related Materials

– Which of the following legislation, procedures, measures, agencies exist to control border crossings, export/import and other transfers of NW, CW, BW and Related Materials ? Can violators be penalized ?

• OP 6, 7 and 8 (d) ‐

‐ ‐ ‐ Control lists, Assistance, Information

– Can information be provided on the specific issues ?

• Measures to account for / secure

account for / secure production, use, storage, and production, use, storage, and transport of BW and related materials transport of BW and related materials

• Regulations for physical protection of

physical protection of facilities / materials / transports facilities / materials / transports

• Licensing / registration of facilities /

Licensing / registration of facilities / people people handling bio materials

• Reliability check of personnel

Reliability check of personnel

• Measures to account for / secure /

account for / secure / physically protect means of delivery physically protect means of delivery

• Regulations for genetic engineering

Regulations for genetic engineering work work

• Other legislation / regulations related

Other legislation / regulations related to safety and security of biological to safety and security of biological materials materials

EXCERPT FROM THE NEW MATRIX TEMPLATE EXCERPT FROM THE NEW MATRIX TEMPLATE

Reference to BWC Reference to BWC CBMs CBMs 1540 Matrix 1540 Matrix – – fields for accounting/securing/physically protecting BW fields for accounting/securing/physically protecting BW -

• related materials

related materials

Status of reporting to the 1540 Committee (data as of 17 Oct 201 Status of reporting to the 1540 Committee (data as of 17 Oct 2013) 3)

• States are called upon to submit a first

report to the 1540 Committee on steps they have taken or intend to take to implement resolution 1540 (2004)

• States that have already submitted such

report are encouraged to provide additional information when appropriate or upon the request of the Committee

List of States yet to submit a first report as of 17 October 2013

• 1. Cape Verde
• 2. Central African Republic
• 3. Chad
• 4. Comoros
• 5. DPRK
• 6. Equatorial Guinea
• 7. Gambia
• 8. Guinea
• 9. Guinea-Bissau
• 10. Haiti
• 11. Lesotho
• 12. Malawi
• 13. Mali
• 14. Mauritania
• 15. Mozambique
• 16. Sao Tome and Principe
• 17. Solomon Islands
• 18. Somalia
• 19. Swaziland
• 20. Timor-Leste
• 21. Zambia
• 22. Zimbabwe

List of States yet to submit a first report as of 17 October 2013

• 1. Cape Verde
• 2. Central African Republic
• 3. Chad
• 4. Comoros
• 5. DPRK
• 6. Equatorial Guinea
• 7. Gambia
• 8. Guinea
• 9. Guinea-Bissau
• 10. Haiti
• 11. Lesotho
• 12. Malawi
• 13. Mali
• 14. Mauritania
• 15. Mozambique
• 16. Sao Tome and Principe
• 17. Solomon Islands
• 18. Somalia
• 19. Swaziland
• 20. Timor-Leste
• 21. Zambia
• 22. Zimbabwe

Reporting Reporting States:171 States:171

Non Non-

• reporting

reporting States: 22 States: 22

States States with one with one report: 60 report: 60 States States with two with two

• r more
• r more

reports: reports: 111 111

National report- illustrative example

National Implementation Action Plans National Implementation Action Plans

• “[Security Council] encourages all

States to prepare on a voluntary basis national implementation action plans, with the assistance of the 1540 Committee as appropriate, mapping out their priorities and plans for implementing the key provisions of resolution 1540 (2004), and to submit those plans to the 1540 Committee” –

Security Council Resolution 1977 (2011)

• National Action Plans submitted to the

1540 Committee by: United States (2007); Argentina (2009); Canada (2010); France (2011); Serbia (2012); Belarus (2012); and Kyrgyzstan (2013)

http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540/national-implementation/national-action-plans.shtml National Implementation Action Plan drafting session with the representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s ministries and agencies, organized by the OSCE in cooperation with UNODA, 3-5 April 2013, Vienna, Austria / Photo: OSCE Armenian national roundtable to discuss the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) and Armenia’s National Implementation Action Plan, organized by the Government of Armenia and OSCE in cooperation with UNODA, 24-26 Sep 2013, Yerevan, Armenia / Photo: Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

National Implementation Action Plans National Implementation Action Plans --

• - Excerpts

Excerpts --

1540 Committee Visits to States 1540 Committee Visits to States

• “[Security Council] encourages…

the 1540 Committee, with the support of necessary relevant expertise, to actively engage in dialogue with States on the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004), including through visits to States at their invitation” –

Security Council Resolution 1977 (2011)

• States visited up to date: United

States (2011); Albania (2012); Madagascar (2012); Republic of the Congo (2012); Trinidad and Tobago (2013); Grenada (2013)

• Upcoming visits: Burkina Faso,

Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, and Mozambique

Trinidad and Tobago visit: Acting Prime Minister Winston Dookeran, right, speaks to Ambassador Kim Sook, former chairman of the UN Security Council 1540 Committee - Photo:

Jermaine Cruickshank

US visit, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, BSL-4 training facility -

Photo: Dana Perkins

1540 Peer Review 1540 Peer Review 1540 Peer review conducted by 1540 Peer review conducted by Croatia and Poland, organized by the Croatia and Poland, organized by the Governments of Croatia and Poland Governments of Croatia and Poland and supported by UNODA, 17 and supported by UNODA, 17-

• 19 June

19 June 2013, Zagreb, Croatia & 2 2013, Zagreb, Croatia & 2-

• 4 October

4 October 2013, Warsaw, Poland 2013, Warsaw, Poland

Resolution 1540 (2004): How to Request or Offer Assistance Resolution 1540 (2004): How to Request or Offer Assistance

• Assistance requests should be formally

submitted by States to the 1540 Committee, e.g. by using the Template on Assistance

• States and International, Regional and

Subregional Organisations are urged to inform the Committee about areas in which they are able to provide assistance and also provide point of contact information

Secretariat of the 1540 Committee Secretariat of the 1540 Committee Attention: Chairman, 1540 Committee Attention: Chairman, 1540 Committee H.E. Ambassador Oh Joon, Permanent Representative of The Republic of Korea to the United Nations 730 Third Avenue, TB-08040E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017 Fax: +1 (212) 963-1300 Email: sc-1540-Committee@un.org

Overview of Requests for Assistance Overview of Requests for Assistance

• As of 17 October 2013, 54 States and two

Regional / Subregional Organisations have requested assistance

• Sources of requests: National reports,

National Implementation Action Plans, Notes Verbale, use of the template for assistance

• Overall range: securing materials,

general assistance needs with regard to WMD non-proliferation legislative framework, awareness raising or training needs in border and export controls, etc.

• 16 States specifically requested

assistance in the bio area (Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Bahamas, Barbados, Colombia, DR Congo, Ecuador, Grenada, Guatemala, Iraq, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Philippines, and Uganda)

Requests for Assistance Requests for Assistance -

• -
• Illustrative Examples

Illustrative Examples -

• -
• “1. Provision of sophisticated radioactive,

chemical and biological detection equipment biological detection equipment.

• 2. Organizing of professional training and

professional training and exercise exercise, including those with international attendance.”

“…need help to develop a national control list for the dual use items based on relevant international arrangements (CWC, BWC BWC…”

“The general areas identified include: (a) Drafting of legislation Drafting of legislation; (b) Mechanisms for accounting for and accounting for and securing securing nuclear, chemical and biological material in use, storage or transport; (c) Appropriate physical protection measures; (d) Strengthening of controls on all borders regarding imports, exports and re imports, exports and re-

• exports

exports; (e) Training of security forces Training of security forces in handling nuclear, chemical and biological material or in performing duties in the vicinity of such potentially hazardous substances”.

“…Welcomes proposals to establish both effective international cooperation mechanisms for investigating suspicious outbreaks of diseases investigating suspicious outbreaks of diseases and procedures for addressing concerns relating to compliance with the [Biological Weapons] Convention [Biological Weapons] Convention, as well as, inter alia, proposals to train train personnel personnel to work as part of international rapid response teams in the event of biological emergencies”.

Overview of Offers for Assistance Overview of Offers for Assistance

• As of 17 October 2013, 46 States have
• ffered assistance
• The 1540 website also posts information
• n Assistance Programmes and Offers

from International, Regional and Subregional Organizations and Other Arrangements

• Some States have both requested and
• ffered assistance
• Assistance is offered on a bilateral basis

and/or through international organizations

• Overall range: cooperation programs,

specific measures, case-by-case basis etc.

Offers of Assistance Offers of Assistance -

• -
• Illustrative Examples

Illustrative Examples -

• -
• “…Canada

Canada could provide the following types

• f assistance to fight CBRN terrorism…:

legislative drafting and legal policy legislative drafting and legal policy assistance related to the ratification and assistance related to the ratification and implementation of non implementation of non-

• proliferation and arms

proliferation and arms control control-

• related conventions (e.g. the CWC

related conventions (e.g. the CWC and the BTWC and the BTWC); health security initiatives with bio bio-

• terrorism

terrorism applications such as the establishment of disease surveillance systems; export controls export controls training; training in bio bio-

• safety/security standards

safety/security standards; detection and detection and decontamination decontamination of chemical, biological and radiological terror agents; food safety, food safety, animal and plant health initiatives animal and plant health initiatives…” “In view of Pakistan Pakistan’s experience in implementation of implementation of various treaties regimes including CWC, CPPNM and BWC various treaties regimes including CWC, CPPNM and BWC and its elaborate legislative framework in the safety and security of nuclear technology and material, Pakistan is in a position to provide assistance, as appropriate, in response to specific requests, to the states lacking the legal and regulatory infrastructure, implementation experience and/or resources for fulfilling the provisions of the Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004)”. “The United States United States has strong outreach programs that provide information and assistance to states on joining and assistance to states on joining and implementing the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). implementing the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). The United States also provides assistance, upon request, to existing BWC States Parties on issues relating to the completion of implementation requirements, and strengthening strengthening biosafety biosafety and pathogen security legislation and pathogen security legislation and policies and policies”. “Cuba Cuba, through the CITMA National Biosafety Centre, is prepared to contribute to exchanges of experience in the exchanges of experience in the implementation of the Biological Weapons Convention implementation of the Biological Weapons Convention by means of courses, seminars, workshops and other activities, basically in the Latin American and Caribbean region”. “The Russian side is also prepared to provide assistance to Yerevan in completing the necessary legal basis for carrying out the provisions of CWC and BTWC BTWC if these questions are of relevance for the Armenian side”--Letter from Russian Russian Federation Federation dated 29 May 2009 on Armenia’s assistance request .

• Due to their specialized expertise and regional awareness, relevant international,

regional and subregional organizations have a crucial role crucial role in supporting the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) and assisting Member States, within their mandates

• Currently, the following International, Regional and Subregional Organizations and Other

Arrangements have provided the 1540 Committee with a point of contact for assistance:

• BWC ISU nominated by the BWC Chair as point of contact for BWC issues

Cooperation with Cooperation with International, Regional and Subregional Organizations and Other Arrangements

http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540/assistance/offers-of-assistance/assistance-programmes.shtml

Sharing of Sharing of “ “experience, lessons learned and effective practices“ “

“[Security Council] urges States and relevant international, regional and States and relevant international, regional and subregional subregional organizations

• rganizations to inform the Committee as appropriate of

areas in which they are able to provide assistance; and calls upon States and such organizations, if they have not done so previously, to provide the 1540 Committee with a point of contact for assistance point of contact for assistance…

[and]

urges the 1540 Committee to continue to engage actively with States and relevant international, regional and subregional organizations to promote the sharing of experience, lessons learned and effective practices sharing of experience, lessons learned and effective practices, in the , in the areas covered by resolution 1540 (2004), drawing in particular o areas covered by resolution 1540 (2004), drawing in particular on n information provided by States as well as examples of successful information provided by States as well as examples of successful assistance, and to liaise on the availability of assistance, and to liaise on the availability of programmes programmes which might which might facilitate the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004), facilitate the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004), while bearing in mind that customized assistance is useful for the effective implementation

• f resolution 1540 (2004) at national levels” – Security Council Resolution 1977 (2011)

Other Opportunities for Match Other Opportunities for Match-

• Making

Making

• The Group of experts participates in the GPWG meetings
• The

The G8 Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and G8 Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction Materials of Mass Destruction (G8 GP) is addressing BW nonproliferation, disarmament, and counterterrorism through cooperative projects in areas such as scientist engagement, biosafety/biosecurity, export controls, combating illicit trafficking, and supporting the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004)

• The Biological Security WG was established in 2012
• The 2012 “Biological Security Deliverables” of the GPWG/BSWG:

– Secure & account for materials that represent bio proliferation risks – Develop and maintain appropriate & effective measures to prevent, prepare for, & respond to the deliberate misuse of biological agents – Strengthen national and global networks to rapidly identify, confirm and respond to biological attacks – Reduce proliferation risks through the advancement and promotion

• f safe and responsible conduct in the biological sciences

– Reinforce and strengthen biological nonproliferation principles, practices and instruments

• Assistance includes promoting the universalization and full

implementation of existing non-proliferation obligations, such as under the Biological Weapons Convention, the 1925 Geneva the Biological Weapons Convention, the 1925 Geneva Protocol and resolution 1540 Protocol and resolution 1540…

With the objective of facilitating technical assistance for the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) by matching offers and requests for assistance, the Committee and its experts continued and intensified the dialogue with the Working Group of the G-8 Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials

• f Mass Destruction

(GPWG) on the consolidated list of assistance requests… -

• S/AC.44/2012/OC.48

With the objective of facilitating technical assistance for the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) by matching offers and requests for assistance, the Committee and its experts continued and intensified the dialogue with the Working the Working Group of the G Group of the G-

• 8

8 Global Partnership Global Partnership Against the Spread of Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials Weapons and Materials

• f Mass Destruction
• f Mass Destruction

(GPWG) (GPWG) on the consolidated list of consolidated list of assistance requests assistance requests… -

• S/AC.44/2012/OC.48

Resolution 1540 (2004): Bio outreach Resolution 1540 (2004): Bio outreach

• “[Security Council] requests the 1540 Committee to continue to
• rganize and participate in outreach events… and promote the

refinement of these outreach efforts to focus on specific thematic and regional issues related to implementation”– Security Council Resolution 1977 (2011)

• Since the adoption of resolution 1540 (2004) only two

international workshops were organized by States to discuss the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) in the bio area:

• Implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1540 to combat the

proliferation of biological weapons, Geneva, Switzerland (2005)

• Africa Regional Biosafety and Biosecurity Workshop on Implementation
• f UN Security Council Resolution 1540, Nairobi, Kenya (2010)
• Upcoming: Biosecurity Conference on UN Security Council

Resolution 1540 (2004), 3-4 December 2013, Wiesbaden, Germany, organized by the Government of Germany in cooperation with UNODA and the European Commission's Outreach in Export Controls of Dual-Use Goods

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2011 2012 2013-October Total no. of outreach events Bio-related outreach events

Codes of conduct Codes of conduct Building a security Building a security culture and responsible culture and responsible conduct of science conduct of science

Societal vigilance Societal vigilance

Education, training & Education, training & awareness raising awareness raising

A multi A multi-

• factorial solution to a multi

factorial solution to a multi-

• faceted problem

faceted problem

No educational or training materials specifically on resolution No educational or training materials specifically on resolution 1540 (2004) 1540 (2004) http://www.un.org/disarmament/education

• Up to date: five biannual reports on disarmament

and non-proliferation education from the Secretary-General to the General Assembly, compiled from submissions from States, international and non-governmental organizations

• The only mention of BWC is in the 2012 report,

submission by the University for Peace: “In 2011, two disarmament seminars were held with a total

• f 53 students participating, while a workshop on

the Review Conference of the Parties to the Biological Weapons Convention attracted 55 diplomats over a two-day period”

• None of the reports mention any initiatives on

education, training, or awareness raising on biosafety, biosecurity and the prohibitions and

• bligations of the BWC (or those of resolution

1540)

http://www.un.org/disarmament/education/2002UNStudy http://www.un.org/disarmament/education/2002UNStudy

UN Secretary General UN Secretary General’ ’s Biannual Reports: underutilized means for s Biannual Reports: underutilized means for biosecurity biosecurity outreach

• utreach

“Education and training remain important but underutilized tools for promoting peace, disarmament and non-proliferation… If it is to retain its relevance to the security requirements of peoples and States, disarmament and nonproliferation education and training must not be viewed in a vacuum but rather integrated into that broad perspective. A global disarmament and non-proliferation culture cannot be accomplished easily or quickly. A sustained effort is required to build communities of disarmament and non-proliferation specialists and concerned individuals. Member States, international organizations, academics and NGOs are essential actors in this long-term effort. – – Report of the Secretary Report of the Secretary-

• General (A/57/124),

General (A/57/124), “ “United Nations Study on United Nations Study on Disarmament and Non Disarmament and Non-

• Proliferation Education

Proliferation Education” ”

http://www.un.org/disarmament/education

Dana Perkins, PhD Dana Perkins, PhD

1540 Committee Expert 1540 Committee Expert United Nations United Nations 300 East 42 300 East 42nd

nd St., Suite IN

St., Suite IN-

• 03074H

03074H New York, NY 10017 New York, NY 10017 Tel: +1 (917) 367 6023 (office) Tel: +1 (917) 367 6023 (office) E E-

• mail:

mail: PerkinsD@un.org erkinsD@un.org

Contact information Contact information

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• mail: 1540experts@un.org

mail: 1540experts@un.org Website: http://www.un.org/sc/1540 Website: http://www.un.org/sc/1540