Labor Market Reforms in the Last Decades : What have we learned and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Labor Market Reforms in the Last Decades : What have we learned and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 12, 2023 124 likes •225 views

Labor Market Reforms in the Last Decades : What have we learned and where are we h h l d d h heading ? g Andrea GARNERO We all know what to do. We just do not know how to get re elected after we have done it after we have done it

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Labor Market Reforms in the Last Decades : h h l d d h What have we learned and where are we heading ? g

Andrea GARNERO

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“We all know what to do. We just do not know how to get re‐elected after we have done it” after we have done it . Jean‐Claude Juncker The Economist 2007 The Economist, 2007

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Crisis: a Catalyst of Reforms? Crisis: a Catalyst of Reforms?

Reform Responsiveness Indicator averaged over 2011-14

GRC PRT 0,7 0,8 0,9

g

AUS AUT CHN CZE ESP EST FIN GBR HUN IRL ISR

ITA

MEX NZL POL PRT SVK 0,5 0,6 , AUS BRA CAN CHE CHL DEU DNK

FRA ITA

JPN KOR LUX NLD NOR RUS SVN SWE TUR USA ZAF 0,2 0,3 0,4 BEL ISL SWE 0,1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Unemployment rate in 2010 The pace of reform is measured by the Reform Responsiveness Indicator, which is a weighted index of the extent to which policy measures have been put in place in line with Going for Growth recommendations. A higher value indicates that greater policy action has taken place in response to the recommendations. Source: OECD, Going for Growth 2016.

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1996

Pacchetto Treu Protocollo del 23 Luglio & Riforma Prodi‐ Damiano Collegato Lavoro Riforma Fornero Decreto Poletti Decreto Dignitá

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Damiano

1997 2000 2001 2004

if d l Testo Unico Apprendistato Pacchetto Letta

1996

Riforma Biagi Riforma del Lavoro Pubblico e Privato Pacchetto Letta Jobs Act 35 heures Equality Opportunity Act Decentralization of Collective Bargaining System (loi du quatre mai 2004 ) Trade Union Representative Reform Emplois d’Avenir Loi El Khomri Loi Macron

1997 1998 2000 2001 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1996

Fillon’s Pension Reform Contrat première embauche Sarkozy’s Paquet Fiscal Revenu de Solidarité Active Contrat de Génération & Loi sécurisation de l’emploi Ordonnances

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Italy vs France Italy vs France

Italy France Italy

  • High and persistent unemployment
  • (Virulent) debate on « labour market

France

  • High and persistent unemployment
  • Debate on unemployment itself

( ) insecurity» (precariato)

  • Symbol: Article 18
  • Horizon: 2/3 years at the very best

p y (« inverser la courbe »).

  • Symbol: Thickness of the labour code
  • Horizon: 5 years
  • Horizon: 2/3 years at the very best
  • Vocal unions
  • Pervasive role of judges
  • Horizon: 5 years
  • Vocal unions
  • Pervasive role of judges

Pervasive role of judges

  • Vivid public debate (lavoce.info,

Alesina/Giavazzi, etc.) Pervasive role of judges

  • Some forms of ex ante and ex post

evaluations + DARES + many groups

  • f experts
  • f experts
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Ingredients of a successful reform Ingredients of a successful reform

  • Electoral mandate
  • Packaging
  • Leadership
  • Effective communication
  • Sequencing
  • Time
  • Reform commitment
  • Time
  • Winner and losers
  • Solid evidence base
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Thank you!

@AGarnero @ andrea.garnero@oecd.org (but here only personal opinions)

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SLIDE 8

1996

Pacchetto Treu Protocollo del 23 Luglio & Riforma Prodi‐ Damiano Collegato Lavoro Riforma Fornero Decreto Poletti Decreto Dignità

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Damiano

1997 2000 2001 2004

if d l Testo Unico Apprendistato Pacchetto Letta

1996

Riforma Biagi Riforma del Lavoro Pubblico e Privato Pacchetto Letta Jobs Act 35 heures Equality Opportunity Act Decentralization of Collective Bargaining System (loi du quatre mai 2004 ) Trade Union Representative Reform Emplois d’Avenir Loi El Khomri Loi Macron

1997 1998 2000 2001 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1996

Fillon’s Pension Reform Contrat première embauche Sarkozy’s Paquet Fiscal Revenu de Solidarité Active Contrat de Génération & Loi sécurisation de l’emploi Ordonnances

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EPL reforms EPL reforms

Scale 0-6

Protection of permanent workers against individual dismissals

[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]

3 3,5

[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [ ]

2 2,5

[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [ ]

1 1,5

[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]

0,5

Source: Carcillo, S., et al. (2019), « Assessing recent reforms and policy directions in France : Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy », Documents de travail de l'OCDE sur les questions sociales, l'emploi et les migrations, n° 227, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/657a0b54‐en.