Labor & Employment Update January 22, 2015 The webinar will - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Labor & Employment Update January 22, 2015 The webinar will - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Third Thursday Crowell & Morings Labor & Employment Update January 22, 2015 The webinar will begin shortly. Please stand by. Todays Presenters Glenn Grant Tom Gies Mark Romeo 2 Medical and Recreational Use of Marijuana

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Third Thursday –Crowell & Moring’s Labor & Employment Update

January 22, 2015

The webinar will begin shortly. Please stand by.

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Today’s Presenters

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Mark Romeo Tom Gies Glenn Grant

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Medical and Recreational Use of Marijuana And Employer Drug Testing Programs

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Today’s Discussion

  • State Law Initiatives
  • Federal Law Enforcement Issues
  • Employer Responses

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“You don’t need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.”

Subterranean Homesick Blues – Bob Dylan, 1965

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State Medical Marijuana Laws

  • Decriminalization of medical use of marijuana
  • States legalizing marijuana for recreational use

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Statutes Specifically Prohibiting Discrimination Against Lawful Medical Marijuana Users

  • Delaware, Arizona and Minnesota (July 2015)
  • Connecticut
  • Maine
  • Rhode Island
  • New York (2014)
  • Illinois (2014)

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Americans with Disabilities Act

  • Definition of ‘qualified individual’ 42 U.S.C. §

12102(1)(A)

  • ‘Current Illegal Use’ exception 42 U.S.C. §

12210(a)

  • 2008 amendments and 2011 regulations

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Americans with Disabilities Act

  • ADA authorizes the prohibition of illegal drug

use in the workplace.

– “Illegal use of drugs means the use of drugs, the possession or distribution of which is unlawful under the Controlled Substances Act. Such term does not include the use of a drug taken under supervision by a licensed health care professional. . . . .” 42 USC 12210(d)(1).

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Federal Government Drug Testing Rules

  • Drug Free Workplace Act

– Applies to federal contractors or grant recipients – Does not require drug testing – Requires discipline or substance abuse assistance for criminal drug convictions occurring in the workplace

  • DOT regulations

– Rejects DOJ’s non-enforcement position

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State Disability Acts

  • Substantive Requirements

– Federal ADA is the model

  • Current Illegal Use addressed in various ways

– Washington approach

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State “Lawful Conduct” Laws

  • Laws protecting lawful use of “consumable

products”

– Early laws focused on tobacco use (e.g., Kentucky) – Others define lawful products more broadly (e.g., Illinois, North Carolina)

  • Broad statutory protection for lawful off-duty

conduct

– New York, Colorado, California

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State “Lawful Conduct” Laws (cont)

  • California Labor Code Section 96(k)

– Covers claims for reinstatement and lost wages resulting from discipline for lawful off-site, off- duty conduct – Unlikely to support a claim by employee that tests positive for lawful medical marijuana use

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Tension Between State and Federal Law

  • Federal Controlled Substances Act vs. State

Marijuana laws

  • Definition of “illegal drug use” under state law
  • Explicit prohibitions on discrimination in state

medical marijuana laws

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Recent Cases Addressing the Conflict

  • Ross v. Ragingwire
  • James v. City of Costa Mesa
  • Roe v. TeleTech
  • Casias v. Wal-Mart Stores
  • Coats v. Dish Network

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What Employers Should Do Now

  • Review applicable state law
  • Establish substance abuse/drug testing

policies

  • Review existing policies
  • Conduct Training

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What a long, strange trip . . . . .

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Selected Authorities

Statutes

  • Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. 812(b)-(c).
  • Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988, 41 U.S.C. 81

Cases

  • Kosmicki v. Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Ry. Co., 545

F.3d 649, 650 (8th Cir. 2008)

  • Curry v. MillerCoors, Inc. No. No. 12-cv-02471-JLK (D.
  • Colo. Aug. 212, 2013)
  • Coats v. Dish Network, 303 P.3d 147 (Colo. App. 2013)
  • Casias v. Wal-Mart Stores, 695 F.3d 428 (6th Cir. 2012)

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Selected Authorities (cont.)

  • Braska v. Challenge Manufacturing Co., ___ Mich.
  • App. ___(October 23, 2014).
  • Roe v. TeleTech Customer Care Mgmt., 257 P.3d

586 (Wash. 2011)

  • Ross v. RagingWire Telecommunications, Inc., 174

P.3d 200 (Cal. 2008).

  • Johnson v. Columbia Falls Aluminum Company,

LLC, 2009 WL 865308 (Mont. 2009)

  • Emerald Steel Fabricators, Inc. v. Bureau of Labor

& Indus., 230 P.3d 518 (Or. 2010).

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Contacts

Tom Gies tgies@crowell.com 202.624.2690 Glenn Grant ggrant@crowell.com 202.624.2852 Mark Romeo mromeo.crowell.com 949.798.1316

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