L ITTLE H ANDS , How little teeth work T EETH , AND O LD L ADIES - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

I NSIGHTS INTO L ITTLE H ANDS , T EETH AND O LD L ADIES D ISCUSSION OF C HILD R ESISTANT P ACKAGE P ERFORMANCE L ORI M ITCHELL D IXON , P H D October 2019

Quick review of protocol (in relationship to findings) How little hands work T HE S TORY OF L ITTLE H ANDS , How little teeth work T EETH , AND O LD L ADIES How older females struggle more with closing packages Conclusions 2

C HILD R ESISTANT NOT C HILD P ROOF We need to change the narrative. Correct those who use the wrong terminology.

P ROTOCOL R EVIEW FOR C HILD P ANEL Children are tested in pairs. • The wording is specific and limited. • The demonstration is the motions only, no words, to replicate what a child • might see in the home. The test ends after 10 minutes, or until the contents have been accessed. •

• 42-51 months in age • 50% male / 50% female • Can test two packages/different Child Panel ASTM types Composition

• 50 – 70 years of age • 30% male / 70% female Senior Panel Composition

Balanced Testing Panels as per CFR 1700.20 Child Panel Composition ▪ 30% 42-44 months of age ▪ 40% 45-48 months of age Balanced testing panels allow for ▪ 30% 49-51 months of age ideal analysis; minimizing the Adult Panel Composition variables of age, gender, tester ▪ 25% 50-54 years of age influence, and location bias. ▪ 25% 54-59 years of age ▪ 50% 60-70 years of age Tester and Site Controls www.GLM.com 7

Operation Safe Child Database • Includes data for completed tests only • Analysis for Type IA, Type II, and Type III packages (per ASTM classifications) • These findings are drawn from a database of 16,088 children and 6,988 adults • The data were analyzed for trends at the 90% and 95% confidence levels 8

Trends by ASTM Type

T RENDS BY ASTM T YPE ( WHEN CR) • Lug Finish (Type II) • Most Resistant (99%) • Overall, highest expected pass rate (relative to CT, snap-type closures) • Closing is audible/visible • Snap Closure (Type III) • Less Resistant (92.3%) • Continuous Thread Push & Turn (Type IA) • Least Resistant (89.7%) • Issue: closing by seniors

A Tale of Little Hands

O PENINGS BY G ENDER AND ASTM T YPE Gender Male Female ASTM Category (a) (b) IA (continuous thread) 11.5% (a) 9.1% (b) Type II (lug finish) 1.3% 0.7% Type III (snap) 7.7% 7.7% (ab) Statistical difference at 90% level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests 12

O PENINGS BY A GE OF C HILD ( IN MONTHS ) AND ASTM T YPE Months 42 – 44 months 45 – 48 months 49 – 51 months ASTM Category (a) (b) (c) Type IA (continuous thread) 7.9% (bc) 10.7% (a) 12.1% (a) Type II (lug finish) 0% 0.8% 2.2% Type III (snap) 6.9% 5.7 (c) 11.0% (b) Types I – XIII (various 6.2% (bc) 8.2% 9 (ac) 10.4% (ab) other packages) (abc) Statistical difference at 90% level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests 13

O PENINGS BY A GE OF C HILD ( IN MONTHS ) Months 42 – 43 44 – 45 46 – 47 48 – 49 50 – 51 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 10.7% Openings 5.9% 7.0% 8.5% 9.2% (abcd) (bcde) (acde) (abe) (abe) (abcde) Statistical difference at 90% level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests 14

A TALE OF T EETH

U SE OF T EETH BY A GE Use Teeth Before and After 42 – 44 45 – 48 49 – 51 Demonstration months (a) months (b) months (c) Teeth Used before Demo 4.8% (bc) 5.6% (ac) 7.1% (ab) Teeth Used after Demo 39.3% (bc) 44.9% (ac) 48.1% (ab) (abc) Statistical difference at 90 % level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests 16

U SE OF T EETH BY P ACKAGE T YPE Use Teeth Before and After Type IA Type II Type III Demonstration (a) (b) (c) Teeth Used before Demo 2.7% (bc) 8.3% (a) 6.5% (a) Teeth Used after Demo 41.5% (bc) 53.3% (a) 46.8% (a) (abc) Statistical difference at 95% level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests 17

F OR T YPE I A P ACKAGES : Those using teeth (in the first five minutes) are statistically more likely to open the package (15.1% vs. 10.2%) F OR T YPE III P ACKAGES : Those using teeth (in the first five minutes) are statistically more likely to open the package (17.0% vs. 7.0%) F OR T YPE II P ACKAGES : No difference

50 – 70 Years of Age 70% female A TALE OF Resecuring O LD L ADIES Test

I MPACT OF P OOR C LOSING (T YPE IA PACKAGES ) Adult Child Openings by Senior 42 – 44 45 – 48 49 – 51 Sample Closings months (a) months (b) months (c) Size 4,747 All 1A Packages 10.0% 12.5% 14.9% Closed by Females (bc) (ac) (ab) 2,377 Closed by Youngest 8.6% 13.3% 10.3% (c) Females (50 – 59) (c) (ab) 2,370 Closed by Oldest 11.7% 14.7% 16.3% Females (60 to 70) (bc) (a) (a) 20

C ONCLUSIONS Little hands… ▪ Age is more relevant than gender in ability to open a package Little teeth ▪ Anticipate that teeth will be used ▪ Note that ISO/EN standards do not include “you may use your teeth if you want to” Old ladies ▪ Older females typically do not close 1A packages sufficiently ▪ Greatest impact is on “middle children” who are more likely to emulate older children www.GLM.com 21

A BOUT G REAT • GLM has been testing Child Resistant (CR) packaging since 1964. L AKES M ARKETING • GLM is ISO 17025 accredited for testing CR packaging and lighters. R ESEARCH • See GLM.com and ChildResistant.com www.GLM.com 22

F OR M ORE L ORI M ITCHELL D IXON , P H D President I NSIGHTS 419.534.4710 LDixon@GLM.com O R TO Great Lakes Marketing C OMMENT GLM.com ChildResistant.com