L ITTLE H ANDS , How little teeth work T EETH , AND O LD L ADIES - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DISCUSSION OF CHILD RESISTANT PACKAGE PERFORMANCE LORI MITCHELL DIXON, PHD

INSIGHTS INTO LITTLE HANDS, TEETH

AND OLD LADIES

October 2019

THE STORY OF LITTLE HANDS, TEETH, AND OLD LADIES

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Quick review of protocol (in relationship to findings) How little hands work How little teeth work How older females struggle more with closing packages Conclusions

CHILD RESISTANT

NOT CHILD

PROOF

We need to change the

• narrative. Correct those who use

the wrong terminology.

PROTOCOL REVIEW FOR CHILD PANEL

• Children are tested in pairs.
• The wording is specific and limited.
• The demonstration is the motions only, no words, to replicate what a child

might see in the home.

• The test ends after 10 minutes, or until the contents have been accessed.

Child Panel Composition

• 42-51 months in age
• 50% male / 50% female
• Can test two

packages/different ASTM types

Senior Panel Composition

• 50 – 70 years of age
• 30% male / 70% female

Child Panel Composition

▪ 30% 42-44 months of age ▪ 40% 45-48 months of age ▪ 30% 49-51 months of age

Adult Panel Composition

▪ 25% 50-54 years of age ▪ 25% 54-59 years of age ▪ 50% 60-70 years of age

Tester and Site Controls

Balanced Testing Panels as per CFR 1700.20

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Balanced testing panels allow for ideal analysis; minimizing the variables of age, gender, tester influence, and location bias.

Operation Safe Child Database

• Includes data for completed tests only
• Analysis for Type IA, Type II, and Type III

packages (per ASTM classifications)

• These findings are drawn from a

database of 16,088 children and 6,988 adults

• The data were analyzed for trends at

the 90% and 95% confidence levels

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Trends by ASTM Type

TRENDS BY ASTM TYPE (WHEN CR)

• Lug Finish (Type II)
• Most Resistant (99%)
• Overall, highest expected pass rate

(relative to CT, snap-type closures)

• Closing is audible/visible
• Snap Closure (Type III)
• Less Resistant (92.3%)
• Continuous Thread Push & Turn (Type IA)
• Least Resistant (89.7%)
• Issue: closing by seniors

A Tale of Little Hands

Gender ASTM Category Male (a) Female (b)

IA (continuous thread) 11.5% (a) 9.1% (b) Type II (lug finish) 1.3% 0.7% Type III (snap) 7.7% 7.7%

OPENINGS BY GENDER AND ASTM TYPE

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(ab) Statistical difference at 90% level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests

Months ASTM Category 42 – 44 months (a) 45 – 48 months (b) 49 – 51 months (c)

Type IA (continuous thread) 7.9% (bc) 10.7% (a) 12.1% (a) Type II (lug finish) 0% 0.8% 2.2% Type III (snap) 6.9% 5.7 (c) 11.0% (b) Types I – XIII (various

• ther packages)

6.2% (bc) 8.2% 9 (ac) 10.4% (ab)

OPENINGS BY AGE OF CHILD (IN MONTHS) AND ASTM TYPE

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(abc) Statistical difference at 90% level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests

Months 42 – 43 (a) 44 – 45 (b) 46 – 47 (c) 48 – 49 (d) 50 – 51 (e)

Openings 5.9% (bcde) 7.0% (acde) 8.5% (abe) 9.2% (abe)

10.7% (abcd)

OPENINGS BY AGE OF CHILD (IN MONTHS)

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(abcde) Statistical difference at 90% level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests

A TALE OF TEETH

Use Teeth Before and After Demonstration 42 – 44 months (a) 45 – 48 months (b) 49 – 51 months (c)

Teeth Used before Demo

4.8% (bc) 5.6% (ac) 7.1% (ab)

Teeth Used after Demo

39.3% (bc) 44.9% (ac) 48.1% (ab)

USE OF TEETH BY AGE

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(abc) Statistical difference at 90% level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests

Use Teeth Before and After Demonstration Type IA (a) Type II (b) Type III (c)

Teeth Used before Demo

2.7% (bc) 8.3% (a) 6.5% (a)

Teeth Used after Demo

41.5% (bc) 53.3% (a) 46.8% (a)

USE OF TEETH BY PACKAGE TYPE

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(abc) Statistical difference at 95% level of confidence Based on completed (and passed) tests

FOR TYPE IA PACKAGES: Those using teeth (in the first five minutes) are statistically more likely to open the package (15.1% vs. 10.2%) FOR TYPE III PACKAGES: Those using teeth (in the first five minutes) are statistically more likely to open the package (17.0% vs. 7.0%) FOR TYPE II PACKAGES: No difference

A TALE OF OLD LADIES

Resecuring Test

50 – 70 Years of Age 70% female

Child Openings by Senior Closings 42 – 44 months (a) 45 – 48 months (b) 49 – 51 months (c)

All 1A Packages Closed by Females 10.0% (bc) 12.5% (ac) 14.9% (ab) Closed by Youngest Females (50 – 59) 8.6% (c) 10.3% (c) 13.3% (ab) Closed by Oldest Females (60 to 70) 11.7% (bc) 14.7% (a) 16.3% (a)

IMPACT OF POOR CLOSING (TYPE IA PACKAGES)

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Adult Sample Size 4,747 2,377 2,370

Little hands…

▪ Age is more relevant than gender in ability to open a package

Little teeth

▪ Anticipate that teeth will be used ▪ Note that ISO/EN standards do not include “you may use your teeth if you want to”

Old ladies

▪ Older females typically do not close 1A packages sufficiently ▪ Greatest impact is on “middle children” who are more likely to emulate older children

CONCLUSIONS

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ABOUT GREAT LAKES MARKETING RESEARCH

• GLM has been testing Child Resistant (CR)

packaging since 1964.

• GLM is ISO 17025 accredited for testing CR

packaging and lighters.

• See GLM.com and ChildResistant.com

www.GLM.com 22

LORI MITCHELL DIXON, PHD

President

419.534.4710 LDixon@GLM.com Great Lakes Marketing GLM.com ChildResistant.com

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