Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the United States World - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the United States

World Conference on Justice for Children 2018 Nati tion

• nal Cou
• uncil

cil of

• f Juveni

venile le and Famil ily y Cou

• urt

t Judges ges Hon

• nor
• rab

able e Ton

• ny

y Capizzi izzi, Presid sident ent Hon

• nor
• rab

able e Dave ve Stu tucki, cki, Past t Presid sident ent and d In Inte terna nationa tional l Com

• mmit

ittee tee Chair air

Learning Objectives

• Best pract

ractices ces regar egardi ding ng human man traffick afficking ing

• Psycho

ycholog logical cal and d legal l eff ffects ects of f restr estrai ainin ning g juven veniles es in the cou

• urtroom

troom

• Redu

duci cing ng racial cial disp spar arities es

• Use

e of cogni gnitive ive comp mputing uting and d augm gmen ented ed intelligen igence ce in the juvenil venile e justice tice syst ystem em

3

Administ ister er laws in a j just and equal al manner er Provid ide indiv ivid idual aliz ized ed justic ice e for children ren and adults ts while protec ectin ting the community ity Imp mpose se conseq sequences ences for violat ations ions of the law while acknowl wledg edging ing that the primary goal l of juven enile le justic ice e system em is rehab abili lita tatio tion Rehab abil ilit itati ation without t endan anger erin ing the community ity

Mission Statement of Juvenile Courts

4

We must be the catalyst st to protect ect children en by: Being a l leader er in effectiv ive e and cost t efficien ent utilizat zatio ion of community ity resourc rces es for the treatment t of children en and families

Pro roviding for the protec

ectio tion of the community ity through just t and speed edy conseq sequences ces Being sensi sitiv tive and responsiv ive e to indiv ivid idual al victims s and their families

Goals of Juvenile Courts

Human Trafficking

• Domestic Child Sex

Trafficking Resolution

• Trauma

6

Restraining Juveniles in the Courtroom

Morgan an Geyser er and Anissa Weier er, , both 12 years ars old. . Arrest rested ed May 31, , 2014- Madison, Wisco consin

Why is this the way we treated youth…

When this is how we treat adults…

Restraints include handcuffs, belly chains, leg irons and all

• ther devices that restrict a

juveniles movement by a mechanical means. In many states juveniles are automatically restrained, even if they are only accused of misdemeanor or even nonviolent offences.

What constitutes restraining?

Psychological Impact

“

Some believe that restraints are a barrier to a trauma- informed framework because they convey the clear message to youth that they are dangerous, damaged or potentially damaging, and not worthy of minimal respect as a human being.”

• Dr. Julian Ford, University of

Connecticut Health Center, Department

• f Psychiatry.

When a juvenile is restrained for a courtroom appearance, that juvenile, and others involved in the proceeding, are being sent a message that the juvenile is not trusted by the court.

Perception is Important

• Brai

ain n developm velopment ent does s not t reach ach full ll mat aturit urity y unti til l 25 year ars s old. d.

• The

e teenage enage year ars s are re crucial ucial to the development of one’s identity and self elf-esteem steem. .

• Sham

ame e and d humi mili liati ation

• n inhibit

hibit posit sitiv ive self lf-de developm velopment ent and d produc ductive ive commu mmuni nity ty partici rticipati pation.

• n.

Psychological Development

• Being

ing subjected jected to repeat eat traum uma a inte terfe rfere res with h the recove

• very

ry proce

• cess

ss from m the e init itial ial trauma. uma.

• Trea

eati ting ng a chil ild d like e a crimi iminal nal perpe petua tuates es furthe rther r harm. rm.

• Histori

torical al traum auma a is an exam ample ple of trans ansge genera nerational ional trauma auma and refers ers to cumul mulative ative emoti

• tional
• nal and

d psychol chologi

• gica

cal wounding, nding, exce ceeding eding

• ver

r an individual ividual life fespa pan n and d acros ross s genera nerati tions

• ns,

, caus used ed by trauma aumatic ic exper perie ienc nces. es.

Courts must be trauma informed

“

These kids are already afraid or defiant or whatever it may be, and we often misinterpret defiance for being scared, or where kids have never been treated respectfully by anyone in authority, if they’re cuffed, you’re already putting up barriers.”

• Judge John J. Romero, Presiding Judge, Children’s

Court Division, Albuquerque, New Mexico

15

• You
• uths

hs who hose se actions

• ns have

ve found

• und

themselves mselves invo volved lved with the juven venile le justic ice e syste stem are e often en dealing aling with feeling elings of f shame, ame, weakn aknes ess s and nd helpl lpless essnes ness. s.

• Restrai

trainin ning g destroys stroys any y efforts forts to build ld up the you

• uth

th and d help lp them m be stro ronger nger psycho ychologi

• gically

cally and d thus us less s inclined ined to turn rn to criminal inal activi vities. es.

Legal Considerations of Restraints

Ask yourself this… When you see someone restrained in any manner, what is your first thought?

Of the restrained juvenile

Dangerous Escape Guilty Untrustworthy Bad

Of the legal process

Dangerous Corrupt Intimidating Untrustworthy Bad

Public Perception: Implicit Bias

Safety Concerns

For the public

For the child

For court staff Security Concerns

To prevent escape by child

Not enough time

Requires additional resources Building Layout Concerns

Some courthouses are in older buildings that are simply not secure or able to be renovated to enhance security “Scare the child straight” philosophy We’ve always done it this way

Why do some Courts restrain juveniles?

Juvenile Shackling

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges’ Position

The e NCJ CJFCJ FCJ is devoted voted to ensu sure re justice ce for

• r ever

ery y family ily and d ever ery child ld in court urts s thro roug ughout hout the cou

• untry.
• ntry. NCJFCJ

FCJ is one ne of the large gest st and d oldes est judi dicial cial memb mbers ership hip org rganization anizations in the nation, ion, serv erving ing an estimated mated 30,00 ,000 0 pro rofessiona essionals ls in domes mestic c relations, ations, and d the juven enile e and d family ly justice ce syst ystem. em. On July ly 21, 1, 201 015, 5, the NCJFCJ FCJ issued ued two reso solut lutions. ions.

Resol

• lut

ution ion Regar gardi ding ng Traum auma-Informed Informed Juvenile venile and Family mily Co Courts rts

• Jud

udges ges and nd traum auma a pro rofessiona essionals ls alike e are e coming ming to understand that ‘informed’ means ensuring that environ vironmen ents, ts, pract ractices ces, , and nd polic icies es are design signed ed to redu educe ce unn nnecess ecessary ary stress ress and d poten ential al stress ess reactions actions in thos

• se

e who ho have ve been en traum uma a exp xpose

• sed.

NCJFCJ Resolution #1

Re Resol

• lut

ution ion Re Regarding garding Shackling ackling of Ch Children ildren in Juvenil enile e Court rt

• There

ere sho hould uld be a clear ar and d pres esumptive umptive rul ule e or r polic icy y agai ains nst rest estrai rainin ning g childr ldren, en, and d request quests s for

• r except

ceptions ions sho hould uld be made e to the court urt on n an indi divid vidua ualized zed basis sis and d must st includ lude e a cogent gent rationale,

• nale, includ

luding ing the demonst monstrat rated ed safety afety risk sk the child ld poses

• ses to him or hers

ersel elf f

• r other

ers. . Ju Judges dges should

• uld have

ave the ultimate ate authorit hority y to deter ermine ine wheth ether er or r not

• t a child

ld need eds s to be restrai strained ned in the cou

• urtroo

rtroom.

NCJFCJ Resolution #2

Each ch court urt shal hall adopt

• pt a local rule

e creating eating a presumpt resumption ion that restrai straints nts shall all not be used sed on a child d unless ess the Jud udge ge or r Magi gistrate strate makes kes an indivi dividuali dualized zed deter ermi minat nation ion on the reco cord d that there ere is no less s rest estri rictive ctive alternative rnative and d that restrai straint nt of the child ld is neces cessar sary y becaus cause e the child ld represe epresents nts a cur urrent rent and d sign gnifi ifican cant threat reat to safety fety

• r there

re is a sign gnifi ifican cant risk sk the child d will flee e the court urtroom room.

Rules of Superintendence for the Courts of Ohio Rule 5.01 Local Child Restraint Rule

Using Data to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparity

Statistical Reality

• 73.6

.6 million youth under er the e age of 18 in Ameri rica ca

• 59% white
• 41% raci

cial al minorities es

• Of the

e youth det etai ained ed by law enfo forcemen cement in Ameri rica ca

• 27.4

.4% white

• 72.6

.6% raci cial al minori rities es

• Afri

rican can Ameri rican can Youth repres resen ent

• 13% of the

e total al juven enile e populat ation but

• 31% of juven

enile e arres rested ed

• 42% of juven

eniles es det etai ained ed

• 39% of juven

eniles es plac aced ed in a residen ential al faci cility

• 32% of juven

eniles es on pro robat ation

• 35% of juven

eniles es adjudicat ated ed

• 40% of juven

eniles es tran ansferred erred to adult prison

• 58% of juven

eniles es senten enced ced to pri rison

28

• Dispr

propor

• portio

ionate nate Mino nority rity Co Conta tact ct Diver ersion sion Initiativ itiative e (DMC)

• Juve

venile nile Det eten entio tion n Alter ernativ native e Initiativ itiative e (JDAI)

• Juve

venile nile Tr Trea eatmen ent t Co Court rt

Data in Action

• Diver

erts s you

• uth

h of color

• r fro

rom m the juven enile e justic ice e syst stem em while e offer fering ing those

• se

you

• uth

th services rvices to prev reven ent them m from rom ever er enter ering ng into

• the sys

ystem. em.

• Eligibi

ibility ty Requ quirements irements

• Afr

frican can-Amer erican can

• Between

een the ages es of 11-17 17

• Char

arge ged d with a misdem demean eanor

• r
• r

r status tus offens ense

• No pri

rior

• r Cour

urt history tory

• No pro

robation ation or parole role sup uper ervision vision

Disproportionate Minority Contact Program

• In 2009,

9, Montgom tgomery ery County nty deta tained ned 2,299 99 youth th

• JDAI

JDAI data ta showed wed that at some e of these ese youth th should uld not t be deta taine ined d and d identified some “low-hanging fruit” that helped reduce the number of youth th deta tained. ined.

• 822 youth

th deta tained ned on Warra rants nts

• 241 youth

th deta tained ned for Fail ilure ure to Appea ear

• 581 youth

th deta tained ned for Viol

• lat

ation

• n of Court

rt Order er

• 354 youth

th deta tained ned for Domestic estic Viole

• lence

nce

• Solutions

utions?

• Elec

ectronic ronic Home e Monit itoring

• ring
• Special

cial Summons mons

• Emer

ergenc gency y Foste ter r Care re

• Dete

tenti ntion

• n Heari

rings gs 365 days s a year ar

Juvenile Detention Alternative Initiative

31

55% decrease in total number of youth detained! 53% decrease in youth of color annually detained! 2009- Youth of Color Annual Admission - 1478 2010- 624 Youth Released 27% of Youth to IC Released 73% of Youth to IC Detained 2017- Youth of Color Annual Admission - 694 2017- 1322 Youth Released 56% of Youth Released 44% of Youth Detained

JDAI Success

• Be

Began gan in 1998 8 wi with th an average erage docke ket t of 25 youth uth

• Expanded

panded by over er 300% % to serve rve an aver erage ge docket cket of 125 youth uth

• Serve

ved d 974 youth uth since nce 2010

• Gr

Graduati duation

• n Rate

te: : 64%

Juvenile Treatment Court

Cognitive Computing and Augmented Intelligence

34 Designe igned d to improve

• ve the safety

• f childr

Juvenile Treatment Court Family Treatment Court L.I.F.E. Court

Began an in 1998

Expan anded ed Served ed Graduatio tion Rate

64% 64%

• n Rate

• n Rate Increas

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Treatm atment t Court Team am

Specialty courts- collaborating across disciplines

Understanding

Reasoning

Learning

Interacting

Cognitive (artificial intelligence) system attributes

To Honor Their Souls

Questions

Judge dge To Tony ny Ca Capizz pizzi

Montgomery County Juvenile Court Dayton, Ohio 937-496-6600 acapizzi@mcjcohio.org

Contact Information

Judge dge Dave ave St Stucki cki

Stark County Family Court (Retired) Canton, Ohio judgestucki@gmail.com