JOURNAL PRESENTATION Dr Tina Fan Tseung Kwan O Hospital 17 th Jan - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dr Tina Fan Tseung Kwan O Hospital 17th Jan 2013

JOURNAL PRESENTATION

THE COMBINATION OF OCTREOTIDE AND MIDODRINE IS NOT SUPERIOR TO ALBUMIN IN PREVENTING RECURRENCE OF ASCITES AFTER LARGE-VOLUME PARACENTESIS

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY 2012 OCT

Khurram Bari et al

Refractory ascites

• Ascites that has failed to respond to standard treatment of dietary

salt restriction and diuretics: spironolactone 400 mg and furosemide 160 mg/day),

• or appearance of diuretic-induced complications

International Ascites Club definition

Current Mx of refractory ascites

Current Mx of refractory ascites

First-line recommended therapy: large-volume paracentesis (LVP) + IV albumin (recommended by AASLD and EASL)

• IV albumin can prevent the development of postparacentesis

circulatory dysfunction (PCD)

• PCD is defined as a significant increase (50%) in plasma renin activity

(PRA) 6 days after LVP

• PCD is associated with faster recurrence of ascites, development of

hepatorenal syndrome, dilutional hyponatremia and reduced survival

Postparacentesis circulatory dysfunction

Summary of studies exploring plasma volume expansion and development of PCD

Use of vasoconstrictors

Vasoconstrictors

Forest plot of random effects meta-analysis

• f randomized trials on vasconstrictors alone
• r with albumin Vs no intervention or

albumin for HRS. The outcome measure is all-cause mortality Meta-analysis of all randomized, controlled trials assessing the effects

• f terlipressin on renal function

Hepatology 2010;51:576–84

Terlipressin Use in HRS

Midodrine hydrochloride

• an α1-agonist, orally available
• Increases effective circulating blood volume and renal perfusion by

increasing systemic and splanchnic blood pressure

• Midodrine is a prodrug that is absorbed from the gastrointestinal

tract and metabolized by the liver into an active metabolite, desglymidodrine , eliminated in urine

• Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat

symptomatic orthostatic hypotension.

• Investigations of midodrine alone or in combination have shown

conflicting results for systemic and renal hemodynamics and renal function in patients with cirrhosis-related complications

Octreotide

• Octreotide is known to inhibit the secretion of glucagon (a

vasodilator that may play a role in cirrhosis-associated vasodilation)

• In patients with HRS, octreotide administration alone does not elicit

any vasoconstrictor/vasopressor effect and does not improve renal function

• Midodrine plus octreotide, which has the advantage of

subcutaneous administration, appears to have some efficacy.

• However, there are no randomized clinical trials and the study

numbers are small

LAR 20mg IM 5-10mg tds for 3days 12.5 mg tds for 2days

THE COMBINATION OF OCTREOTIDE AND MIDODRINE IS NOT SUPERIOR TO ALBUMIN IN PREVENTING RECURRENCE OF ASCITES AFTER LARGE-VOLUME PARACENTESIS

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY 2012 OCT Khurram Bari et al

Aims of the study

• compare the effect of long-term administration of the combination
• f vasoconstrictors, octreotide/midodrine Vs standard single-dose

albumin after LVP in the recurrence of ascites and the development

• f PCD in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites

Study design

• prospective, randomized, double-blind, double-placebo, controlled

trial comparing intravenous albumin Vs vasoconstrictors (combination of octreotide–long acting release and midodrine) after LVP in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites.

Study patients

Inclusion criteria:

• Age between 18 and 80 years old
• cirrhosis of any etiology diagnosed by liver biopsy or based on firm clinical

grounds,

• refractory ascites

Exclusion criteria:

• hepatic hydrothorax
• Small amount of ascites
• recent (within 1 mo) gastrointestinal hemorrhage
• active bacterial infection
• cardiac failure
• findings suggestive of organic renal disease
• hepatocellular carcinoma
• baseline serum creatinine level greater than 3.0 mg/dL

Low salt diet and held diuretics for minimal 3 days

Index LVP

Body weight, abdominal girth, heart rate, BP, routine blood test, blood test for aldosterone and PRA

Control group

IV albumin 8g/L of ascitic fluid removed + IM 5m of saline solution (octreotide placebo) every mon. + one tablet (midodrine placebo) tds

Study group

IV infusion of saline solution (albumin placebo) + IM 20mg octreotide every month (long acting) + one tablet 10 mg of midodrine tds

Follow-up visits at days 6 and 15, and then monthly after randomization

detailed history and physical examination: any alcohol use, weight, abdominal girth, mean arterial pressure (MAP), routine laboratory tests, spot urine sodium and creatinine, and blood samples for aldosterone and PRA

Primary end point

• Time to recurrence of ascites
• Defined as the requirement of a repeat LVP, as indicated by the

presence of moderate to severe ascites and weight gain to 90% to 100% of baseline weight and an increase in abdominal girth to 90% to 100% of baseline abdominal girth

Secondary end points

1. The development of PCD, defined as an increase in PRA by more than 50% from baseline to a level greater than 4 ng/mL/h at postparacentesis day 6 2. Average changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate from baseline as surrogates of the hyperdynamic circulatory state 3. Development of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) defined as the development of de novo HRS or progression from type 2 to type 1 HRS Criteria for diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome were based on recommendations of the International Ascites Club

The study was to be terminated and the study medications discontinued:

• Development of primary end point (ie, recurrence of ascites

requiring LVP)

• death
• liver transplant
• or completion of 6 months of study drugs from randomization

Statistical Analysis

• Time to recurrence of ascites was calculated and event-free survival was

estimated in each group using the Kaplan–Meier method with 95% confidence intervals.

• Analysis for secondary outcomes included changes in plasma renin activity,

pulse, MAP at day 6 from baseline, and development of HRS type I at the time of repeat paracentesis

• An independent sample t test was used to compare means of variables

with normal distribution and a nonparametric test (Mann–Whitney U test) was used to compare medians of variables with non-normal distribution

• Additional analysis included changes in model for end-stage liver disease

(MELD) score, serum creatinine level, and serum sodium level at the time

• f repeat paracentesis
• Results were considered significant for a P value less than .05 and a

confidence interval of 95%

• IBM SPSS version 19.0 (Armonk, NY) was used

RESULTS

Primary and secondary outcomes

Effect on renal function and MELD score

Change of renin activity

25 patients

9 patients died Albumin gp : 4 Vasoconstrictor gp: 5 9 patients alive and required freq paracentesis Albumin gp: 5 Vasoconstrictor gp : 4 4 patients received liver transplant Albumin gp: 2 Vasoconstrictor gp: 2 2 patients were lost Albumin gp: 1 Vasoconstrictor gp :1

1 patient in albumin gp has not required repeat paracentesis

Long term follow up evaluation

Conclusion of the study

• Double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of concept study,

long-term administration of a combination of orally administered midodrine and intramuscular long-acting

• ctreotide was not superior to albumin in delaying the

recurrence of ascites after LVP or in preventing PCD

Limitations of the study

• small sample size
• fixed dose of midodrine/ octreotide, not titrated to increases in

mean arterial pressure

• did not evaluate the adherence to midodrine

Vasoconstrictor use in ascites patient?

• Probably not the combination of midodrine and octerotide
• Use more potent vasoconstrictor like terlipressin
• Different combinations of vasoconstrictors
• Right dosage and duration of vasoconstrictors

Albumin infusion seems to be better!

• Time to recurrence of ascites: 10 days (albumin gp) Vs 8 days

( vasoconstrictor gp) P=0.318

• Rate of PCD: 18% ( albumin gp) Vs 25% ( vasoconstrictor gp) P=0.574
• At the time of recurrent ascites, serum Creat is higher in

vasoconstrictor gp: 1.2mg/dL ( vasoconstrictor gp) Vs 0.9mg/dL (albumin gp) P=0.051

• MELD score decreased in Albumin gp ( 2 )and slightly increased in

vasoconstrictor gp ( 0.5 ) P=0.033 Albumin gp is sicker at baseline ( higher Child score)

Current Mx of refractory ascites

Thank you!

END