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Joint Research Centre
the European Commission's in-house science service
Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation
Resilient Smart Societies
- Infrastructure
- City
- Regional
- National
Levels
- Resist
- Absorb
- Adapt
- Recover
Joint Research Centre the European Commission's in-house science - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Joint Research Centre the European Commission's in-house science - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Joint Research Centre the European Commission's in-house science service Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation Scales and components of Building Back Better : resilience, performance, efficiency Paolo Negro JRC.E.4
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Relevant areas of support
E.1 Disaster Risk Management E.2 Technology Innovation in Security E.4 Safety and Security
- f Buildings
“Space, Security and Migration”
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E.2 Technology Innovation in Security
Bridging scientific outputs with real cases for the production of best practices to be shared with Member States
- Network Analysis
- Resilience Assessment and Planning
- Impact Assessment (Consequences)
- Infrastructure mapping
- Dependency Analysis
- Stakeholder engagement
Policy support to DG HOME, DG CNECT, DG ECHO, DG
- ENER. Collaboration with European research organizations,
CI Operators, Government Authorities, US NIST, Disaster Prevention Research Institute - Kyoto University – Japan.
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E.4: European Laboratory for Structural Assessment
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L’Aquila earthquake
Coordination of a MIC mission to explore the possibilities for a collaboration among European Civil Protection agencies http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/civil_protection/italy_2009.htm
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……2016 Kumamoto earthquake
Joint JRC/Japanese Building Research Institute reconnaissance
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Emilia earthquake, precast structures
SAFECLADDING project
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Current design practices
- The façade elements are:
- simple masses,
- without stiffness.
- The connections are:
- conceived for self-weight only,
- (and/or) out of plane loads;
- designed for low displacement capacity.
- This does not hold true!
And can lead to failure both panels and structure
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Seismic behaviour of precast structures: A long story, many research partners
National Associations of Precast Producers:
- BIBM (EU)
- VBBF/ECS (DE/EU)
- Assobeton (IT)
- ANDECE (ES)
- ANPC (PT)
- SEVIPS (GR)
- TPCA (TR)
RTD Providers:
- ELSA (EU)
- Politecnico di Milano (IT)
- LNEC (PT)
- NTUA (GR)
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- Technical University Istanbul (TR)
- Tongji University (CN)
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Isostatic restraint configuration
The connections between frame structure and panels allow mutual displacements that satisfy the deformation demands of the frame, uncoupling it from the kinematic behaviour of the panels. (WP2)
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Isostatic configuration: design strategies
Different strategies for the Isostatic Restraint Configuration have been tested, both for vertical and horizontal panels. Similar configurations also tested for the Dissipative Restraint Configuration.
Isostatic Sliding Frame Double Hinged Panel Rocking Panel
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Integrated restraint configuration
The frame and panels are restrained, the displacement is coupled between the parts. The connections must be over-proportioned to bear the higher stress level requested. (WP3)
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Dissipative restraint configuration
The joints between structure and panels (or among the panels) can dissipate energy. The overall building response can be balanced to reduce displacements keeping low loads in the connections. (WP4)
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Backup Connections
The Backup Connections have to ensure the security against panels falling and overturning, once the main connections are jeopardized. These are suitable for the retrofitting of existing buildings. (WP1)
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SAFECLADDING: Design Guidelines
- Available in EU BOOKSHOP
bound to adoption by ISO TC71 http://doi.org/10.2788/546845 http://doi.org/10.2788/956612
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Emilia: Energy efficiency vs. safety
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Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA, from cradle to grave…)
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Look at the whole process
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Sustainable Structural Design (SSD) is a methodology aiming at supporting the general design process of buildings. The methodology combines the structural and the environmental aspects
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the buildings and summarises them in a single final parameter, provided in economic terms.
SSD Methodology
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Application to a building
1) Precast Structure
- Real scale building
- Built and tested at ELSA
(SAFECAST and SAFECLADDING)
- No walls, hinged connections
2) Cast-in-situ Structure
- Designed according to EC8
- Reinforced concrete structure
- Same architectural layout
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31 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Precast Cast-in-situ Precast Cast-in-situ Construction phase Demolition phase
CO2eq (tonnes)
Internal walls External walls Structure
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
20 years 100 years 500 years 20 years 100 years 500 years Precast Cast-in-situ
CO2eq (tonnes)
Demolition phase Construction phase
Life-Cycle Assessment
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Cost of equivalent CO2 emissions:
European Union Emission Trading System
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Electricity: 52 kWh/m2 year × (263,5 m2 × 3)× 50 years = 2.055.300 kWh Gas: 23,1 m3/m2 year × (263,5 m2 × 3) × 50 years = 913.027 m3 gas
Energy Assessment
- For operation phase
Climatic zone F ENEA Italian national data for office occupancy Electric consumption Heating consumption
According Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE) data: The annual average energy consumption in the non-residential sector is 280 kWh/m2.
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- Initial Cost:
Material Inventory from Environmental Assessment
- Definition of Damage (Limit) States:
Low damage: start of the damage for non-structural elements
Deformation (Maximum inter-storey drift) limitations according EC8:
- 0.5% for brittle non-structural elements attached to the structure (e.g. brick walls),
- 0.75% for ductile non-structural elements attached to the structure (e.g. concrete panels),
- 1.0% for non-structural elements not interfering with the structure (e.g. glass façade).
Heavy damage: damage of all non-structural elements
Maximum inter-story reaches goes twice the deformation limitations value.
Severe damage: no-collapse requirement
According EC8, the seismic action with 10 % probability of exceedance in 50 years i.e. with 475 years Return Period.
Near Collapse Limit State: prevention of global collapse under a very rare event
Full exploitation of the deformation capacity of structural elements.
(Simplified) Structural Performance Assessment
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Structural Performance Assessment
Cost Analysis:
Precast Structure Limit State Drift [%] PGA [g] TR [year] R50 [%] Damage cost [€] Loss [€] 1 0.75 0.088 49.0 64.3 8318 3505 2 1.50 0.174 199.6 22.2 80216 9790 3 2.19 0.250 475.0 10.0 119743 8022 4 3.53 0.400 1489.5 3.3 988163 32631 Total expected loss [€] 53947 Cast-in-situ Structure Limit State Drift [%] PGA [g] TR [year] R50 [%] Damage cost [€] Loss [€] 1 0.50 0.045 30.0 81.6 9278 1750 2 1.00 0.090 51.1 62.8 92254 48692 3 2.79 0.250 475.0 10.0 148305 9935 4 5.15 0.400 1489.5 3.3 1008819 33313 Total expected loss [€] 93690
𝑀 =
𝑗=1
𝐷𝑗 ∙ 𝑆𝑗 − 𝑆𝑗+1
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Cost [€] Precast Cast-in-situ Initial Cost 790.530 807.055 Environmental Impact 393.218 394.054 Total Expected Loss 53.947 93.690
Global Assessment Parameter RSSD 1.237.695 1.294.799
€ - € 200,000 € 400,000 € 600,000 € 800,000 € 1,000,000 € 1,200,000 € 1,400,000 Precast Cast-in-situ Cost [€] Initial Cost Environmental Impact Total Expected Loss
Global Assessment Parameter
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SAFESUST: combining safety and energy
efficiency.
A single parameter to assess the performance of the intervention
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Development of the SSD Methodology
The methodology can be used at urban/regional/national level for supporting stakeholders in addressing policy projects on the territory Linking all the buildings of a defined territory to a single parameter leads to identifying the areas where an intervention is more urgent and would be more efficient
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FIELD DATA
Energy data (catasto energetico) Earthquake performance (scheda CARTIS)
SAFESUST approach
Integrate seismic-energy-environmental analysis (validated at building level)
INTEGRATED PLANNING
i.e, optimization of policies for construction and reconstruction (level: city/region/state)
Combined analysis of damages (expected), energy savings and environmental impact across the whole lifecycle
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