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National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 28 Nov 2013 Jacques ROSIERS , Ir Amiral de division e.r. Aide de camp honoraire du Roi Association euro-atlantique de Belgique Prsident-gnral Institut royal suprieur de

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Jacques ROSIERS, Ir Amiral de division e.r. – Aide de camp honoraire du Roi Association euro-atlantique de Belgique – Président-général Institut royal supérieur de Défense – Senior Fellow

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium – 28 Nov 2013

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National Sovereignty: Political and Military Approaches, Defence Industry

Jacques ROSIERS, Ir Amiral de division e.r. – Aide de camp honoraire du Roi Association euro-atlantique de Belgique – Président-général Institut royal supérieur de Défense – Senior Fellow

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium – 28 Nov 2013

ASSOCIATION EURO-ATLANTIQUE DE BELGIQUE

A.S.B.L. - Membre de l’Association du Traité de l’Atlantique (ATA) Sous la Présidence d’Honneur du Comte Pierre Harmel†, Ministre d’Etat

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National Sovereignty: Political and Military Approaches, Defence Industry

° The nature of National Sovereignty – a Military Perspective ° Military Approaches:

  • The Challenges of the Future – Strategic Autonomy
  • Factors determining the Military Capabilities

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium – 28 Nov 2013

ASSOCIATION EURO-ATLANTIQUE DE BELGIQUE

A.S.B.L. - Membre de l’Association du Traité de l’Atlantique (ATA) Sous la Présidence d’Honneur du Comte Pierre Harmel†, Ministre d’Etat

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PLAN

  • Introduction
  • 1. Military Perspectives
  • 2. Military Considerations
  • Geopolitical Questions
  • A Strategic View
  • Europe’s View
  • Capability Development
  • Strengthening EU Defence Capabilities
  • National Considerations
  • Conclusion
  • Q & A

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 4

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  • Sovereignty
  • The frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, depicting the

Sovereign as a massive body wielding a sword and crozier and composed of many individual people

  • “The supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which an independent

state is governed and from which all specific political powers are derived; the intentional independence of a state, combined with the right and power of regulating its internal affairs without foreign interference”.

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

INTRODUCTION

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 5

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  • Sovereignty (Cont’d)
  • “The State as a person of international law should possess the

following qualifications:

  • (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government;
  • (d) a capacity to enter into relations with other States”
  • “Sovereignty in the sense of contemporary international law denotes

the basic international legal status of a State that is not subject, within its territorial jurisdiction, to the governmental, executive, legislative, or judicial jurisdiction of a foreign State or to foreign law

  • ther than public international law”

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

INTRODUCTION

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 6

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SLIDE 7
  • Sovereignty (Cont’d)
  • “Sovereignty is traditionally understood to represent the summa

potestas or supreme power of command inherent in the concept of the State”

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

INTRODUCTION

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 7

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SLIDE 8
  • “Sovereignty … supreme power of command …”

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 8

photo ERM

Officer’s OATH: “... Loyalty to the King, Obedience to the Constitution and to the Laws of the Belgian People”

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SLIDE 9
  • “Sovereignty … supreme power of command …”

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES

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King’s OATH: “... Obey the Constitution to the King and to the Laws of the Belgian People, Maintain the national Independence And the Territorial Integrity ”

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SLIDE 10
  • “Sovereignty … supreme power of command …”

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES

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photo ERM

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SLIDE 11
  • “Sovereignty … supreme power of command …”

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 11

photo ERM

Sovereignty resides in the body of the nation and belongs to the people

These powers are generally exercised by delegation

Sovereignty is naturally divided into 3 great powers:

The Legislative, the Executive, and the Judiciary

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Sovereignty in the Military

  • A mission
  • A Clear Line of Command

– Full Command – Operational Command – Tactical Command

  • The Rules and Accountability
  • A Reporting Line

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 12

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Geopolitical Questions (10 )

  • Migration

– The Right to Move everywhere: Frontiers or Fortresses? – Failing States and Welfare States!

  • Gender and Women empowered
  • The 3-dimensional War in a Globalized World

– Territorial Disputes – The Inherent Right of Peoples to Self-Determination – Democracy: The Violent Struggle against Power

  • Feeding the World

– Food Self-Sufficiency – Agriculture & Market Rules – Regulated World Market & Support for the Poor Peasants

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 13

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Geopolitical Questions (10 )

  • (Cont’d)
  • An Aging World in Transition

– Generational Struggle – Fragmentation of the World – World Management of Populations

  • Marketization of the World – a New Geopolitics

– Environment – Health

  • Oil ... and later?

– Energy & Industrial Commodity – Reserves – Increasing Demand – Technological Alternatives

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 14

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Geopolitical Questions (10)

  • (Cont’d & end)
  • Common Goods of Humanity

– Rules & management – Rallying All the Actors / the Engaged – Structures, Procedures & Norms

  • Disasters & Epidemics
  • Extra-atmospheric Space

– Presence of National Assets – Militarization – Appropriation of the Geostationary Orbits – Technological Alternatives – Regulation

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 15

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A Strategic View

  • Sovereignty and dependency

– The Strategist’s Obsessions:

  • Maintain Freedom to Undertake
  • Be Capable to Act
  • Have Room to Manoeuvre

– Budgetary Constraint > Strategic Analysis – Most Weaknesses of the States are in Non-Military Domains – Interdependency undermines Strategic Thinking

  • Analyze Ambitions & Dependencies
  • Collective Fate
  • Set of Questions (4)

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 16

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A Strategic View

  • (Cont’d)
  • A Filling World and a Change of centre of Gravity

– The Receding Western (European) Ruling World:

  • Receding Population
  • Peace in Response to Wars – Economic Competition
  • Refrain of Military Power
  • “Borderless” Europe

– How to Decide in an Interdependent Environment?

  • Undermines Strategic Analysis and Thinking
  • Regional Security versus World Economy

What / Whom to protect? What to promote? With whom?

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 17

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A Strategic View

  • (Cont’d)
  • Vulnerabilities are Costing and falling Out of Scope!

– The Internal Vulnerabilities:

  • Affecting seriously the Social Compact
  • Weakening the Citizen-to-the-State Linkage

– The External Vulnerabilities:

  • Health & Food Security, ...
  • Criminal & Trafficking Activities
  • Cyber

– Internal & External Security Interwoven – How to keep Political – Social Cohesion? – Home –State Security is Infra- & Transnational What to strengthen? – What to mobilize? - For whom?

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 18

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A Strategic View

  • (Cont’d)
  • The “Ultima Ratio” of the State is Changing while:

– The State Power has to act in Non-Military Affairs, and – The Military Action has to happen in Non-Interstate Conflict scenario’s

  • National Territory at the margins of the Military Theatre
  • Framework of Acting Armed Forces not under Own Military Control:

Constabulary or International Organizations

– The Military Equation:

  • To sacrifice Military Efficiency & Reactivity
  • To share Burden & Risk

– The Military Deal: How to:

  • Keep a Territorial Defence capabilities?
  • Have an Expeditionary Force
  • Keep the Military as a Last Resort Instrument

What to develop? – What to tell? – With whom to engage?

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 19

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A Strategic View

  • (Cont’d)
  • New Capabilities are needed for Today & Tomorrow:

– To cope with the Dilution & Atrophy of the Military Capacity

  • To protect our Citizens
  • To reduce our Vulnerabilities
  • To defend our Interests

– The Political Deal:

  • Freedom & Prosperity are binding the Citizen to the State
  • The Military has a renewed Utility in Tomorrows World a Today’s States

– Comprehensive Approach and Global security

  • Cyber
  • Surveillance and Protection of Vital Supplies
  • Shared Rebuilding of Security Forces in Unstable States / Regions
  • Manoeuvre Capabilities

Security and Defence for a fluid, diverse, changing globalized world!

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 20

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Europe’s security circles

Securing peace & stability Securing the European economy Securing peace & stability in the neighbourhood Securing the protection of people, society and goods

RHID Colloquium National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

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Capability Development

  • NATO

– DOTMLPFI – DOTM

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • NATO

– DOTMLPFI

  • D – Doctrine represents a common way of thinking about a particular issue or
  • problem. Doctrine encompasses tactics, and the specific procedures for conducting

tasks.

  • O – Organization defines the structures and groupings that are used by formations

and units on operations.

  • T – Training includes both individual and collective training.
  • M – Materiel includes specific equipment, weapon systems, stores and technology.

Potential materiel solutions are examined through the use of system concepts. The implications for technologies can then be deduced.

  • L – Leadership defines specific training and leadership requirements; this refers to

the development of leaders primarily through further education.

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 23

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • NATO

– DOTMLPFI

  • P – Personnel represents the type of servicemen or women that are needed for a

specific capability; this includes identifying specialists and/or specific skills that are needed.

  • F – Facilities is a generic heading for all infrastructures needed to accommodate,

train and prepare any military forces for operations. Distributed or networked virtual training simulations will help.

– DOTM

  • The “Drivers”
  • Internationally possible

– LPFI

  • “Amalgamated”
  • Internationally more difficult

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 24

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Capability Development

  • EU
  • "I would say there are three cases for security and defence.

– The first is political, and it concerns fulfilling Europe's ambitions on the world stage. – The second is operational: ensuring that Europe has the right military capabilities to be able to act. – And the third is economic: here it's about jobs, innovation and growth".

(Head of the Agency speech at the European Defence Agency (EDA) annual conference, Brussels 21 March 2013) National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 25

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU - The way forward

– "The strategic, military and economic cases for defence are, for me, quite clear. What we need to make sure we have got is political will from the very top“.

(HRVP / Head of the Agency Speech at the EDA annual conference, Brussels 21 March 2013)

  • To provide strategic direction for the further development of

CSDP and defence cooperation in Europe in accordance with the Lisbon Treaty.

  • Strong support for a more regular reappraisal of security and

defence issues by the Heads of State and Government.

  • Concrete deliverables, task further development and a robust

follow-up process

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 26

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU - The way forward
  • Could start:

– on more clearly defining the strategic role of the EU in view of the evolving context and following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty.

  • Elements to be considered:

– a strong commitment to defence cooperation in Europe to further enhance the Common Security and Defence Policy – communicate to the wider public that “security and defence matter ” – endorse and give renewed impetus to a strategically coherent and effective use of EU instruments through the comprehensive approach

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 27

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU - The way forward
  • Elements to be considered:

– continue developing the partnerships with the UN and NATO focusing

  • n stronger complementarily, co-operation and coordination

– further encourage and facilitate contributing partners' support to CSDP: partners enable the EU, and the EU enables partners. – develop appropriate instruments to engage in supporting the national security services of EU partners (transparency, accountability and capacity building) – emphasize the critical importance to European security of cyber and space networks and energy security; support the development of an EU Cyber Defence Policy Framework

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 28

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU - The way forward
  • Elements to be considered:

– support work towards a maritime security strategy; call for a more comprehensive approach to help Third States and regions better manage their borders – call for further improvements in rapid response:

  • rapid civil-military assessment
  • rapid deployment of civilian missions including its financial aspects
  • endorse a new approach to EU’s rapid response assets including the Battlegroups
  • explore the use of article 44 TEU

– promote greater convergence of defence planning of EU Member States (transparency, information sharing)

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 29

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU - The way forward
  • Elements to be considered:

– encourage the incorporation of pooling and sharing into national defence planning – harmonize requirements covering the whole life-cycle – call for the development of a strategic Defence Roadmap for systematic and long term defence cooperation, setting out specific targets and timelines – decide on incentives for defence cooperation in Europe, including of a fiscal nature (e.g. VAT) – ring-fence cooperative projects from budget cuts; – explore innovative financing arrangements (PFI/PPP)

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 30

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU - The way forward
  • Elements to be considered:

– commit to specific capability projects: AAR, RPAS, Cyber and Satellite communications; implement roadmaps; and consider tasking work to be done on other key capabilities such as air transport and satellite high resolution imagery – renew efforts in generating civilian capabilities for CSDP and pursue efforts to strengthen the ties between CSDP and Freedom, Security and Justice (FSJ) – encourage further efforts to strengthen the EDTIB, to ensure that it is able to meet the equipment requirements of Member States, remain globally competitive and stimulate jobs, innovation and growth – recognize the role of SMEs in the defence supply chain; enhance support to SMEs

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 31

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU - The way forward
  • Elements to be considered:

– encourage further efforts to enhance and broaden support arrangements on security of supply, and encourage further progress

  • n hybrid standards, certification and military airworthiness

– incentivise the European defence industry to become more competitive globally, including by undertaking collaborative programmes/procurement as a first choice solution – encourage Member States to commit to the necessary levels of investment in R&T to support the capabilities of the future, and to do so increasingly through cooperation, through joint research programmes with the European Commission through common funding with Member States

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 32

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU - The way forward
  • Elements to be considered:

– endorse a comprehensive research strategy to exploit synergies between national dual-use programmes and European research – decide on innovative funding solutions for stimulating private funding in defence R&T – support a Preparatory Action from the Commission on CSDP-related Research, seeking synergies with national research programmes;

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 33

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU - The way forward
  • Elements to be considered:

– agree on a robust follow-up process, to monitor progress, sustain momentum and provide renewed impetus at regular intervals, on the basis of input from the High Representative / Head of the Agency; – consider launching a European defence reporting initiative to synchronise budget planning cycles and set convergence benchmarks, a "European semester on defence" in all but name.

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 34

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU – Conclusion

– Europe's strategic environment today is marked by increased regional and global volatility, emerging security challenges, the US rebalancing towards the Asia-Pacific and the impact of the financial crisis. – According to SIPRI, the global defence spending is shifting "from the West to the rest". – Europe needs to develop the full range of its instruments, including its security and defence posture, in the light of its interests and these geostrategic developments. – These developments warrant a strategic debate among Heads of State and Government.

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 35

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Capability Development

  • (Cont’d)
  • EU – Conclusion

– The Union must be able

  • to act decisively through CSDP as a security provider
  • to protect its interests and project its values by contributing to international

security, helping to prevent and resolve crises and including through projecting power

  • to crucially engage with partners in any crisis

– Sovereignty? Cooperation!

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 36

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Capability Development

  • National Considerations

– Roles, Tasks, Missions and Limitations

  • Strategic Task
  • Domestic Tasks
  • Overseas Tasks

– Operations – Level of Ambition – Simultaneous Action

  • Sovereignty

– Limited – Shared – Specialization

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

  • 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 37

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SLIDE 38

National Sovereignty: Political and Military Approaches, Defence Industry

° The nature of National Sovereignty – a Military Perspective ° Military Approaches:

  • The Challenges of the Future – Strategic Autonomy
  • Factors determining the Military Capabilities

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

CONCLUSION

RHID Colloquium – 28 Nov 2013

ASSOCIATION EURO-ATLANTIQUE DE BELGIQUE

A.S.B.L. - Membre de l’Association du Traité de l’Atlantique (ATA) Sous la Présidence d’Honneur du Comte Pierre Harmel†, Ministre d’Etat

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Nos armées, optimisées pour faire face à des conflits réguliers, conventionnels, de haute technologie et décisifs, seront-elles capables de véritablement maîtriser le « spectre complet » des opérations, y compris les guerres hybrides?

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

CONCLUSION

RHID Colloquium 29/11/2013 39

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  • 21ème siècle
  • Facteur militaire > Outil militaire

– Complexe, coûteux, efficace – En transformation – Révolution

  • Sciences & technologie
  • Effet sur le(s) peuple
  • Compression du temps
  • Importance de l’humain
  • Agilité / flexibilité / adaptabilité
  • Facteur militaire

– Important, indispensable, pas unique

25/10/2013

ASSOCIATION EURO-ATLANTIQUE DE BELGIQUE

A.S.B.L. - Membre de l’Association du Traité de l’Atlantique (ATA) Sous la Présidence d’Honneur du Comte Pierre Harmel†, Ministre d’Etat

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Session 2013 – 2014 des HESD National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

CONCLUSION

40

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National Sovereignty: Political and Military Approaches, Defence Industry

Jacques ROSIERS, Ir Amiral de division e.r. – Aide de camp honoraire du Roi Association euro-atlantique de Belgique – Président-général Institut royal supérieur de Défense – Senior Fellow

National Sovereignty - Military Approaches

CONCLUSION

RHID Colloquium – 28 Nov 2013

ASSOCIATION EURO-ATLANTIQUE DE BELGIQUE

A.S.B.L. - Membre de l’Association du Traité de l’Atlantique (ATA) Sous la Présidence d’Honneur du Comte Pierre Harmel†, Ministre d’Etat

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