Ithaca Green Building Policy N ICK G OLDSMITH , C ITY OF I THACA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

NICK GOLDSMITH, CITY OF ITHACA & TOWN OF ITHACA, NY

PRESENTATION FOR

TOMPKINS COUNTY ENERGY TASK FORCE

AUGUST 16, 2019

Ithaca Green Building Policy

Table of Contents

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1.

Background

• 2. Overview of Requirements

3.

Details of the Easy Path

• 4. Next Steps

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Background

Background

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’ Ithaca has a strong history of

sustainability efforts

 Engaged community organizations & residents  City and Town Comprehensive Plans endorse

sustainability, equity, and climate action

 Aggressive GHG reduction goals

’ Local climate action is now more

important than ever

 IPCC and Climate Assessment reports convey

dire need for action

 Local governments being looked to for

leadership as Federal government dismantles existing climate action

City of Ithaca

Background

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’ Reducing energy use in

buildings is key to meeting GHG reduction goals

’ The Green Building Policy

focuses on new construction, the “easy” part

’ Existing buildings have

begun to be addressed, but more work is needed

75%

Town of Ithaca

50% GHG Emissions From Buildings as Share

• f Total Community Emissions

Background

These groups guided the creation of the GBP:

’ Consultants

 STREAM Collaborative  Taitem Engineering  Randall + West Planners

’ Steering Committee & Working Group

 City of Ithaca and Town of Ithaca elected officials and senior staff

members

’ Advisory Committee

 13 community stakeholders from local organizations representing:

economic development, design, real estate, energy, planning, social equity, and other fields

’ Stakeholder Outreach

 To municipal boards, organizations, and general public  Over 200 comments influenced GBP report

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Background

A successful green building policy should be F.A.I.R.

1.

Flexible

• Multiple paths to meet compliance
• 2. Affordable
• Reduced, same or minimally more than conventional

construction costs

• 3. Impactful
• Reduced energy use and GHG reductions
• 4. Reachable
• Achievable, both for developers and municipal staff

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Background

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’ Green Building Policy report was

approved by Common Council and Town Board in May 2018

’ Policy recommendations from

report were starting point for Ithaca Energy Code Supplement

’ IECS draft

 Easy-to-understand document  Contains “all” content that will be

in final Energy Code Supplement

 Formatted for ease of discussion and

editing

’ Goal is one unified Code used in

both Town and City

Background

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’ Estimated Timeline

 August 2019: Draft Energy Code Supplement discussed,

considered for public circulation by Town and City

 August/September: Public outreach (if approved)  October/November: Finish codification  Nov-Dec 2019/Jan 2020: Council and Town Board

consider adoption of final legislation

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Ithaca Energy Code Supplement

Overview

Requirements

’ New buildings must meet requirements to reduce GHG emissions

by 40%

’ Must also comply with all NYS codes

Future Code Cycles

’ Requirements become more stringent in 2025 and 2030 ’ 2030 code will require net-zero construction free of fossil fuels

Incentives

’ Existing and proposed incentives would facilitate compliance and

promote early adoption of best practices

’ Discussion is ongoing

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• 2. Whole Building Path
• 1. Easy Path

’ Point system ’ Achieve minimum of 6 points

to pass

’ Easy to use ’ Emphasis on affordability and

electrification

Requirements

• OR-

Two compliance options

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’ Allows more flexibility in

building design

’ Must comply with a high-

performance building standard OR use energy modeling

 Certification is not necessary

Requirements

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Applicability

’ All new construction

 Residential, commercial, industrial, etc.

’ Major renovations

 At least 75% of the square footage in an existing building is being

renovated

 At least two of the following major energy components are being

substantially renovated: heating, lighting, and envelope

’ Additions

 Single family and duplex: additions > 500 sq ft  All other buildings: additions > 1,000 sq ft

’ Historic Buildings are exempt (under discussion)

Requirements

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Future Code Cycles

’ 2020: Base requirements as described previously;

40% reduction in GHG emissions

 Proposed to go into effect six months following adoption

’ 2025: Requirements increase; 80% GHG reduction ’ 2030: Requires net-zero carbon buildings and no

fossil fuels

Incentives

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Incentive package is proposed for projects that:

’ Meet requirements of the next

code cycle

’ Are fossil fuel free ’ Meet walkability criteria ’ Commit to share energy use

data Other incentives are already available for basic compliance, including NYSERDA and PACE financing. Incentive package could include:

’ Property Tax abatements

 Green Building Tax Exemption

’ Additional square footage

 Height, stories, lot coverage,

parking requirements

’ Building permit relief

 E.g. streamline; cost reduction

• r rebate

’ Recognition program

Anticipated Results

’

40% reduction in GHG emissions at building level



Baseline: NYS Energy Code for new construction AND local building practices

’

Lower or similar construction costs (using Easy Path)

’

Increasing emissions from building sector growth would level off



Policies to address existing buildings will be needed to meet GHG reduction goals.

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The Easy Path

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Easy Path Overview

Efficient Electrification

EE1 - Heat pumps for space heating 2 - 5 points EE2 - Heat pumps for domestic hot water heating 1 point (Residential, hotel only) EE3 - Other electrification 1 point (Residential, food svc only)

Affordability Improvements

AI1 - Smaller building/room size 1 - 2 points (Residential, hotel only) AI2 - Heating systems in heated space 1 point AI3 - Efficient building shape 1 point AI4 - Right-lighting 1 point (Commercial only) AI5 - Modest window-to-wall ratio 1 point

Renewable Energy

RE1 - Renewable energy (non-biomass) system 1 - 3 points RE2 - Biomass system for space heating 3 - 5 points

Other Points

OP1 - Development Density 1 point OP2 - Walkability 1 point OP3 - Adaptive reuse 1 point OP4 - Meet NY Stretch Energy Code 2 points OP5 - Custom energy Improvement (no fossil fuels) 1 - 2 points

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Six points are needed to comply. Details on each point are provided on the following slides.

Easy Path Overview

Efficient Electrification

EE1 - Heat pumps for space heating 2 - 5 points EE2 - Heat pumps for domestic hot water heating 1 point (Residential, hotel only) EE3 - Other electrification 1 point (Residential, food svc only)

Affordability Improvements

AI1 - Smaller building/room size 1 - 2 points (Residential, hotel only) AI2 - Heating systems in heated space 1 point AI3 - Efficient building shape 1 point AI4 - Right-lighting 1 point (Commercial only) AI5 - Modest window-to-wall ratio 1 point

Renewable Energy

RE1 - Renewable energy (non-biomass) system 1 - 3 points RE2 - Biomass system for space heating 3 - 5 points

Other Points

OP1 - Development Density 1 point OP2 - Walkability 1 point OP3 - Adaptive reuse 1 point OP4 - Meet NY Stretch Energy Code 2 points OP5 - Custom energy Improvement (no fossil fuels) 1 - 2 points

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Six points are needed to comply. Details on each point are provided on the following slides.

Efficient Electrification

EE1 Heat pumps for space heating

Electric heat pumps are more energy efficient than fossil fuel based space heating equipment. Requirement: Heat pumps for space heating; no fossil fuels used for HVAC system. Possible Points: 2-5 2 points (Commercial) or 3 points (Residential) for air source heat pumps. 3 points (Commercial) or 5 points (Residential) for ground source heat pumps.

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Efficient Electrification

EE2 Heat pumps for water heating

Electric heat pumps are more energy efficient than fossil fuel based water heating equipment. Requirement: Water heating systems that use heat pumps. Possible Points: 1 Residential only.

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Efficient Electrification

EE3 Other electrification (continued next slide)

Electric stoves and heat pumps clothes dryers produce fewer GHG emissions than fossil fuel based equipment. Requirement: Electric stoves AND ventless heat pump clothes dryers. Prerequisite: no fossil fuels in the building. Possible Points: 1 Residential only.

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Efficient Electrification

EE3 Other electrification (continued)

Electric cooking equipment produces fewer GHG emissions than fossil fuel based equipment. Requirement: Only electric cooking equipment in restaurants and other food service buildings that have commercial kitchen hoods. Prerequisite: no fossil fuels in the building. Possible Points: 3 Restaurants and food service only.

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Affordability Improvements

AI1 Smaller building/room size

Smaller buildings use less energy and cost less. The impact on energy use is almost linear, due to energy uses that scale with size, like heating, cooling, lighting, etc. Requirement: Building size (sq. ft.) is smaller than the thresholds identified in the tables. Possible Points: 1 - 2 1 point for 15% smaller than reference size. 2 points for 30% smaller. Residential and Hotels only.

Example: Single Family Homes* Floor area (sq. ft.) per Number of Bedrooms 1 2 3 4 1,000 1,600 2,200 2,800 LEED/EnergyStar's reference table for conditioned floor area of reference home, by number of bedrooms. *Different tables are used for multifamily buildings and hotels.

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Affordability Improvements

AI2 Heating systems in heated space

Siting heating equipment, including ductwork, outside the heated space is less efficient than capturing the heat loss within the heated space. Requirement: Place heating/cooling systems and distribution inside actively heated and finished spaces. Does not apply to outdoor condensing units for heat pumps. Possible Points: 1

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Affordability Improvements

AI3 Efficient building shape

Compact building forms are more energy efficient than sprawling forms because of the reduced surface area of the thermal envelope relative to the amount of floor area. Requirement: The exterior surface area divided by gross floor area is less than the maximum value provided in the reference table. Possible Points: 1

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Affordability Improvements

AI4 Right-lighting

Overlighting can waste unnecessary energy. Requirement: Reduce lighting power density to 50% below energy code; perform other lighting improvements. Possible Points: 1 Commercial only.

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Affordability Improvements

AI5 Modest window-to-wall ratio

Larger windows than necessary to provide access to views and natural daylight significantly increase energy use for both heating and cooling buildings. Requirement: Overall window-to-wall ratio less than 20% (individual spaces may exceed 20%). Possible Points: 1

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Renewable Energy

RE1 Renewable energy (non-biomass) systems

Renewables such as solar hot water and photovoltaic systems (on-site or off- site) reduce the need for electricity generated by fossil fuels. Requirement: Install on-site or off-site renewable electric systems and/or on-site renewable thermal systems Possible Points: 1 - 3

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Renewable Energy

RE1 Renewable energy (non-biomass systems) - Additional Issues

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Requirements for Renewables

’ Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) ’ Allocation ’ Long-term contract ’ Reporting ’ Enforcement

Renewable Energy

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RE2 Renewable Energy Biomass

Biomass space heating systems can be carbon-neutral. Requirement: Approved biomass heating systems. No fossil fuels used for HVAC system. Possible Points: 3 – 5 3 points (Commercial) 5 points (Residential)

Other Points

OP1 Development Density

Households and business located in closer proximity to each other can be better served by public transit and car sharing programs. Requirement: Residential Density > 7 dwelling units/acre Commercial Density > 7,000 square ft/acre Possible Points: 1

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Other Points

OP2 Walkability

Households located outside the core of the city (not walkable to services) generate on average almost 3 times as much CO2 due to increased dependency on vehicle trips. Requirement: Building located within ¼ mile of 5 Use Types OR located within a Town development priority area Possible Points: 1

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Other Points

OP3 Adaptive reuse

It can take 10 to 80 years for a new energy efficient building to overcome, through efficient operations, the climate change impacts created by its construction. Requirement: Re-purpose existing building for a different use. Maintains at least 50% of the existing building structure and envelope (based on surface area). Possible Points: 1

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Other Points

OP4 Meet NY Stretch Code

NYSERDA has released NYStretch Code-2020 Version 1.0, a voluntary, locally adoptable stretch energy code. Requirement: Comply with NY Stretch Energy Code- 2020 Ver. 1.0 Possible Points: 1 point (Commercial), 2 points (Residential)

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Other Points

OP5 Custom Energy Improvement

Custom solutions may provide savings which can be shown through energy analysis performed by an experienced energy professional. Requirement: Reduce energy use by specified

• amounts. Prerequisite: no fossil fuels.

Possible Points: 1-2 One point for each 1.2 kwh/sf/year (Residential) or 2.4 kwh/sf/year (Commercial) reduction in energy use.

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The Whole Building Path

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Whole Building Path Overview

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’ The whole building path allows more flexibility in building

design.

’ Buildings must comply with one of the following third-

party green building standards. Certification is not necessary.

 LEED (minimum 17 energy points)  HERS Rating (maximum score of 40)  National Green Building Standard (min. 80 energy efficiency points)  Passive House  Carbon Calculation Method (minimum 40% GHG reduction, shown

through energy modeling)

Case Studies

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Breckenridge Place – 4 points

LEED Platinum, 50 apartments in downtown Ithaca.

’ 1 points for density ’ 1 point for location

’ 1 point for compact building shape? ’ 1 point for room size

It does use heat pumps but has gas- fired ventilation. A modified design to get the building to pass with 2 more points is relatively easy with heat pumps for ventilation and water

• heating. Using the whole building

method it would also pass if it can achieve 17 energy points under LEED despite the gas-fired equipment.

Image courtesy Holt Architects.

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HOLT Architects Office – 10 points

Gut rehab of a building in the City’s west end designed as a net-zero building, with significant roof- mounted solar energy and other green features.

’ 2 points for density and walkability ’ 3 points for renewables ’ 1 point for modest window-to-wall

ratio

’ 2 points for heat pumps ’ Possibly 1 point for not over lighting ’ 1 point for heating within the

heated space

Image courtesy Holt Architects.

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Carey Building – 6 points

Multi-story mixed-use adaptive re-use and over build.

’ 2 points for density/walkability ’ 3 points for heat pumps ’ 1 point for heating within the

heated space Its downtown location and heat pumps likely will deliver a low-carbon

• peration. This building would not

have required any modifications to pass the proposed rating system from how it was designed/built.

Rendering courtesy of John Snyder Architects.

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Marriott Hotel – 2 points

The new Marriott hotel in downtown Ithaca.

’ 2 points for density/location.

This project would not get any other points, and so would not pass.

Image courtesy Booking.com

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Belle Sherman Cottages – 4 points

19 single family homes and 10 townhomes in the Town of Ithaca. Designed to Energy Star at the time, they are reportedly slightly better than the energy code. They use gas furnaces.

’ 1 point for low window to wall

ratio.

’ HVAC is located in a conditioned

crawlspace earning 1 point.

’ 1 point for density ’ 1 point for compact building

form.

Image courtesy Ithacating.com

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228 W. Spencer Street – 10 points

New construction 1,152 SF two- bedroom single family home.

’ 2 points for density/walkability ’ Less than 20% window to wall

ratio for 1 point

’ 1 point for compact building

shape

’ 2 points for small building size ’ 3 points for heat pumps ’ 1 point for heating within heated

space

Image courtesy of STREAM Collaborative

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Next Steps

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’ Estimated Timeline

 August 2019: Draft Energy Code Supplement discussed,

considered for public circulation by Town and City

 August/September: Public outreach (if approved)  October/November: Finish codification  Nov-Dec 2019/Jan 2020: Council and Town Board

consider adoption of final legislation

’ Learn more at www.IthacaGreenBuilding.com

Contact

For additional information, contact: Nick Goldsmith Sustainability Coordinator Town of Ithaca, NY City of Ithaca, NY 607-273-1721 ext. 136 ngoldsmith@cityofithaca.org IthacaGreenBuilding.com

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