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OLYMPIC GAMES: State of art 18th & 19th June 2018 Microbiological quality of the Seine River : is it compatible with Olympic competitions in open waters ? F Lucas, B de Gouvello, JM Mouchel, L Moulin, P. Servais, S. Wurtzer Photo: Le

SLIDE 1

OLYMPIC GAMES: State of art 18th & 19th June 2018

Microbiological quality of the Seine River : is it compatible with Olympic competitions in

pen waters ?

F Lucas, B de Gouvello, JM Mouchel, L Moulin, P. Servais, S. Wurtzer

Photo: Le Figaro

SLIDE 2

Paris 2024: potential site

Seine River

Between Alma and Iéna Bridges

Olympic competitions in open waters:

Lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ocean 1st Triathlon: Sydney 2000 1st Marathon Swim: Beijing 2008

https://racereadycoaching.com Le Figaro

SLIDE 3

Bacteria Human virus Enteric protozoa

Enteric: Campylobacter, Salmonella,… Environmental, opportunists: Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Leptospira… Norovirus, Adenovirus, Rotavirus, …. Giardia, Cryptosporidium

Phytoplankton: toxins

Pathogenic microorganisms

cyanobacteria, Dinophyceae Point sources : sewer systems, boats Diffuse sources : runoff, animals

SLIDE 4

Sanitary risks:

Ear Skin 10-34 ml swallowed /event Respiratory Gastroenteritis Infections Gastroenteritis contracted by triathletes/biathletes: 0.4-5.2% for swimmers (n=827) 0.1-2.1% for non-swimmers (n=773)

(7 olympic distance triathlons, Water quality meeting the EU recommendations)

(van Asperen et al 1998) https://www.gymmembershipfees.com

SLIDE 5

Regulations: fecal indicator bacteria

international federations FINA: swimming ITU : triathlon International Olympic Committee Medical commission National and Local authorities Escherichia coli Intestinal enterococci (IE)

European bathing guidelines for inland waters (2006/7/CE) Class of quality Excellent Good Sufficient Intestinal enterococci (N/100 mL) 200a 400a 330b Escherichia coli (N/100 mL) 500a 1000a 900b

a: based on 95th percentile evaluation b: based on 90th percentile evaluation

SLIDE 6

Improved quality of the Seine River

Ivry-sur-Seine

Past 30 years: Mitigation efforts (Wastewater Treatment, sewerage systems)

900 E. coli/100 mL

SLIDE 7

Microbial Quality of the Seine River in Paris

Data Summer 2016 & 2017 n= 30 to 101 samples/station

SLIDE 8

Fecal indicator bacteria in the Seine River

90th Percentiles

900

E. coli/100 mL

Insufficient quality at the Alma and Iena bridges 34-44% of data < 900 E.coli/100 mL and <330 enterococci/100 mL

5806 11925 8187 3518 4854 7910 11813 23779

SLIDE 9

Pathogens in the Seine River

Ivry-sur-Seine 60 cystes of Giardia/10 L 5 oocystes of Cryptosporidium/10 L ~ 1000 genome units/L of Adenovirus, Norovirus GI & GII, Rotavirus 2016 Olympics: 103-109 viral genome units/L (Staggemeier et al. 2017) Infectious viruses

(Mons et al. 2009) (Prevost et al. 2015)

SLIDE 10

Ivry Evry Corbeil-Essonnes Seine Amont (SAM) WWTP

Corbeil/Evry WWTP

(Mouchel et al 2018)

900 E.coli /100 mL

Dry weather, summer 2017

Quality upstream Paris

SLIDE 11

Ivry Evry Corbeil-Essonnes Seine Amont (SAM) WWTP

Orge Yerres Tributaries

(Mouchel et al 2018)

Dry weather, summer 2017

Quality upstream Paris

900 E.coli /100 mL

SLIDE 12

Ivry Evry Corbeil-Essonnes Seine Amont (SAM) WWTP

Fresnes-Choisy sewer + SAM WWTP

(Mouchel et al 2018)

Dry weather, summer 2017

Quality upstream Paris

900 E.coli /100 mL

SLIDE 13

Ivry Evry Corbeil-Essonnes Seine Amont (SAM) WWTP

Corbeil/Evry WWTP Orge Yerres Fresnes-Choisy sewer + SAM WWTP Tributaries

Fix ~ 35000 inappropriate sewer connections
WWTPs=> Addition of a disinfection treatment

Runoff : remove 600 ha of impervious surfaces, build 3 water storages Boat sewage: obligation to connect to the sewers

Mitigation strategies at the watershed level => coordination of stakeholders and local authorities

Source points:

900 E.coli/100 mL

SLIDE 14

Conclusions : water quality of the Seine River in Paris

today not suitable for swimming according to the EU regulation Fecal indicators, enteric viruses, gastrointestinal protozoa > 10 % of risk to declare gastroenteritis (WHO, 2013)

? ? ? ?

900 E.coli /100 mL

Improving the quality?

Mitigation strategies deployed all over Ile de France

Monitoring of water quality

In the Seine River:

=> in Paris and upstream Paris

In the Marne river

Support of research studies

SLIDE 15

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Triathlon de Paris 2010 (https://www.nageurs.com)

OLYMPIC GAMES: State of art 18th & 19th June 2018

Microbiological quality of the Seine River : is it compatible with Olympic competitions in

F Lucas, B de Gouvello, JM Mouchel, L Moulin, P. Servais, S. Wurtzer

Paris 2024: potential site

Seine River

Between Alma and Iéna Bridges

Olympic competitions in open waters:

Lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ocean 1st Triathlon: Sydney 2000 1st Marathon Swim: Beijing 2008

https://racereadycoaching.com Le Figaro

Bacteria Human virus Enteric protozoa

Enteric: Campylobacter, Salmonella,… Environmental, opportunists: Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Leptospira… Norovirus, Adenovirus, Rotavirus, …. Giardia, Cryptosporidium

Phytoplankton: toxins

Pathogenic microorganisms

cyanobacteria, Dinophyceae Point sources : sewer systems, boats Diffuse sources : runoff, animals

Sanitary risks:

Ear Skin 10-34 ml swallowed /event Respiratory Gastroenteritis Infections Gastroenteritis contracted by triathletes/biathletes: 0.4-5.2% for swimmers (n=827) 0.1-2.1% for non-swimmers (n=773)

(7 olympic distance triathlons, Water quality meeting the EU recommendations)

Regulations: fecal indicator bacteria

international federations FINA: swimming ITU : triathlon International Olympic Committee Medical commission National and Local authorities Escherichia coli Intestinal enterococci (IE)

European bathing guidelines for inland waters (2006/7/CE) Class of quality Excellent Good Sufficient Intestinal enterococci (N/100 mL) 200a 400a 330b Escherichia coli (N/100 mL) 500a 1000a 900b

Improved quality of the Seine River

Past 30 years: Mitigation efforts (Wastewater Treatment, sewerage systems)

900 E. coli/100 mL

Microbial Quality of the Seine River in Paris

Data Summer 2016 & 2017 n= 30 to 101 samples/station

Fecal indicator bacteria in the Seine River

90th Percentiles

900

Insufficient quality at the Alma and Iena bridges 34-44% of data < 900 E.coli/100 mL and <330 enterococci/100 mL

Pathogens in the Seine River

Ivry-sur-Seine 60 cystes of Giardia/10 L 5 oocystes of Cryptosporidium/10 L ~ 1000 genome units/L of Adenovirus, Norovirus GI & GII, Rotavirus 2016 Olympics: 103-109 viral genome units/L (Staggemeier et al. 2017) Infectious viruses

Corbeil/Evry WWTP

900 E.coli /100 mL

Dry weather, summer 2017

Quality upstream Paris

Orge Yerres Tributaries

Dry weather, summer 2017

Quality upstream Paris

900 E.coli /100 mL

Fresnes-Choisy sewer + SAM WWTP

Dry weather, summer 2017

Quality upstream Paris

900 E.coli /100 mL

Corbeil/Evry WWTP Orge Yerres Fresnes-Choisy sewer + SAM WWTP Tributaries

Runoff : remove 600 ha of impervious surfaces, build 3 water storages Boat sewage: obligation to connect to the sewers

Mitigation strategies at the watershed level => coordination of stakeholders and local authorities

Source points:

Conclusions : water quality of the Seine River in Paris

today not suitable for swimming according to the EU regulation Fecal indicators, enteric viruses, gastrointestinal protozoa > 10 % of risk to declare gastroenteritis (WHO, 2013)

Improving the quality?

Monitoring of water quality

=> in Paris and upstream Paris

Support of research studies

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

all the members of the Working Group “Qualité de l’eau et baignade” We thank :