Ionization cross sections of neutrino electronagnetic interactions - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Ionization cross sections of neutrino electronagnetic interactions with electrons Chih-Pan Wu Dept. of Physics, National Taiwan University P. 1 Constrain EM Properties by Ge Reference : Phys. Lett. B 731 , 159, arXiv:1311.5294 (2014). Phys.
Reference:
Weak Interaction Magnetic moment
− +
E T me 1 1
2 2 2
2 / 1 sin 2 2 / 1 + = − =
w v A
g g ( )
q T ,
E
E
E
( )
q T ,
( )
q T ,
J.-W. Chen et. al., Phys. Lett. B 774, 656, arXiv:1610.04177 (2017).
99.98% ER rejection
Atomic Size is inversely proportional to its
Zmeα ~ Z*3.7 keV Z: effective charge The space uncertainty is inversely proportional to its incident momentum: λ ~ 1/p
| 𝑁 |2
The weak scattering amplitude: The EM scattering amplitude:
, 1 , 0
anapole moment : neutrino millicharge : charge radius squared : electric dipole moment : neutrino magnetic moment :
µν and dν interactions are not distinguishable where f and i are the mass eigenstate indices for the
how a solar neutrino oscillates to a mass eigenstate νi with distance L from the Sun to the Earth.
𝑔| 𝛿𝜈|Ψ𝑗 >
|w > |u >
EM interaction Weak interaction Non-standard interactions
Then the radial Dirac equations can be reduced to
Initial states could be approximated by bound electron orbital wave functions given by MCDF Final continuous wave functions could be obtained by MCRRPA and expanded in the (J, L) basis
MCRRPA: multiconfiguration relativistic random phase approximation MCDF: multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method
multiconfiguration: Approximate the many-body wave function
by a superposition of configuration functions
) (t
) (t
=
) ( ) ( ) ( t t C t
Dirac-Fock method:
) , ( t r ua
) (t
is a Slater determinant of one-electron orbitals and invoke variational principle to obtain eigenequations for
.
𝜀 ሜ 𝜔(𝑢) 𝑗 𝜖 𝜖𝑢 − 𝐼 − 𝑊
𝐽(𝑢) 𝜔(𝑢) = 0
𝑣𝑏(റ 𝑠, 𝑢)
RPA: Expand
into time-indep. orbitals in power of external potential
... ] [ ] [ ) ( ... ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , ( + + + = + + + =
− − + − − + t i a t i a a a t i a t i a a t i a
e C e C C t C e r w e r w r u e t r u
a
) , ( t r ua
For Ge: ቐ𝜔1 = Zn 4𝑞1/2 2 𝜔2 = Z𝑜 4𝑞3/2 2
The zero-order equations are MCDF equations for unperturbed
The first-order equations are the MCRRPA equations describing the linear response of atom to the external perturbation v± . 0
† *
δ
a b ab ab
C C H u
− =
( ) ( )
( )
† † * * * * †
δ δ δ
a b ab ab a b a b ab ab ab a b ab ab
C C i H C C C C H u C C V
− − + − + =
m
w
0
a b ab b
EC C H + =
( )
( )
a ab b ab b ab b b b
E C H C H C V C
− + =
Here use square brackets with subscripts to designate the coefficients in powers of e ±iωt in the expansion of various matrix elements:
𝛿𝛽𝛾: Lagrange multipliers 𝜀𝛽
†: functional derivatives
with respect to 𝑣𝛽
†
Transition matrix elements of atomic ionization by nu-EM interactions:
Theory: Ge atom (gas)
Longitudinal Photon Approx. (LPA) : VT = 0 Equivalent Photon Approx. (EPA) :
VL = 0, q2 = 0
Free Electron Approx. (FEA) : q2 = -2 meT
Main contribution comes from the phase space region similar with 2-body scattering Atomic effects can be negligible : Eν>> Z meα T ≠ Bi (binding energy) Strong q2-dependence in the denominator : long-range interaction Real photon limit q2 ～0 : relativistic beam or soft photons qμ～0
(1) short range interaction (2) neutrino mass is tiny (3) Eν>> Z meα FEA works well away from the ionization thresholds.
eV m E E T
e v v
e e
k 38 . 2 2 : cutoff
2 Max
+ =
eV E
e
v
k 10 = eV E
e
v
M 1 =
) , scattering (backward 2 2 → −
e e
ν Max e r
m T E q T m p
Kinematic forbidden by the inequality:
eV E
e
v
M 1 = eV E
e
v
k 10 =
Similar with WI cases. FEA still faces a cutoff with lower Eν. For right plot, EPA becomes better when T approaches to Eν (q2 -> 0). Consistent with analytic Hydrogen results.
eV E
e
v
M 1 = eV E
e
v
k 10 =
J.-W. Chen et. al., arXiv:1903.06085 (2019).
Assuming an energy resolution from the XENON100 experiment
J.-W. Chen et. al., arXiv:1903.06085 (2019).
J.-W. Chen et. al., arXiv:1812.11759 (2018).
lifetime 1.74*10-28 s-1 can be converted to μνsa = 2.9*10-21 μB , much tighter because its much larger collecting volume.
q2 > 0 q2 < 0
J.-W. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. D 93, 093012, arXiv:1601.07257 (2016).
Detected Signals
1. The particle-detector interaction 2. dσ/dT for the primary scattering process 3. The following energy loss mechanism
excitation, ionization
(e)) :
Initial & final states
exp.-decay with the rate ∝ orbital momentum ~ 3.7 keV Oscillated like sin/cos function with frequency ∝ electron momentum ~ (2meT)1/2
spatial part |I>spat = |1s> 1. elastic scattering: <F|spat = <1s| 2. discrete excitation (ex): <F|spat = <nlml| 3. ionization (ion): <F|spat = <pr|
Phase space is fixed in 2-body scattering → 4-momentum transfer is fixed → scattering angle is fixed → Maximum energy transfer is limited by a factor
2
) ( 4
tar inc tar inc
m m m m r + =
Energy and momentum transfer can be shared by nucleus and electrons → Inelastic scattering (energy loss in atomic energy level) → Phase space suppression
− = + = + = + = − = + = +
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1
, 2 2 2 2 v v p p p p m m m m m m M B T p M p m p m p
rel tot rel tot
1 1
, p m
2 2
, p m
C.M.
Two particles can reduce to one system at their center of mass, with internal motion: If the system received a 4-momentum transfer then the relative momentum would be:
( ),
, q T
( ) ( ) ( )
M B T m q m m q m prel − = for ) ( 2 hit hit
2 2 1 1
106 eV A * 109 eV
J.-W. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. D 92, 096013 (2015). Spin-indep. contact interaction
MCRRPA Transition Amplitude:
NMM: Millicharge: