Inves&ga&on*of*selec&on*gradients*on*phenology* - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Inves&ga&on*of*selec&on*gradients*on*phenology* and*local*adapta&on*in*a*highly* selfing*species**

3d#Agreenskills#annual#mee0ng,#12415#Oct.#2015#

* Nicolas(Rode,*INRA,*UMR*AGAP,*Montpellier,*France* *

Quan/ta/ve(gene/cs(of(natural(popula/ons!

Post*secondary*preparatory*classes*(BCPST),*Lycée*St*Louis,*Paris,*France* * Bachelor*and*Master*in*Biology,*ENSL,*Lyon,*France* * PhD*in*Evolu&onary*Biology,*UM2,*Montpellier,*France* * ! Microevolu&on*in*ac&on:*a*quan&ta&ve*case*study*in*natural*Artemia* popula&ons* * 1st*Postdoc*in*Evolu&onary*Biology,*UOOawa,*OOawa,*Canada* * ! Indirect*gene&c*effects*and*fitnessRassociated*outcrossing*in*the*fungus* Aspergillus#nidulans# * 2nd*Postdoc*in*Evolu&onary*Biology,*INRA,*Montpellier,*France* * ! Inves&ga&on*of*selec&on*gradients*on*phenology*and*local*adapta&on*in* a*highly*selfing*species**

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

• Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:*

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

• Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:*

! Adapta&ve*response:*change*of*phenotype*with*gene&c*change* ! Plas&c*response:*change*of*phenotype*without*gene&c*change* ! Migra&on:**no*phenotypic*or*gene&c*changes*

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

• Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:*

! Adapta&ve*response:*change*of*phenotype*with*gene&c*change* ! Plas&c*response:*change*of*phenotype*without*gene&c*change* ! Migra&on:**no*phenotypic*or*gene&c*changes*

• Selfing*hermaphrodic*plants:*

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

• Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:*

! Adapta&ve*response:*change*of*phenotype*with*gene&c*change* ! Plas&c*response:*change*of*phenotype*without*gene&c*change* ! Migra&on:**no*phenotypic*or*gene&c*changes*

• Selfing*hermaphrodic*plants:*

! Small*effec&ve*popula&on*size*=>*Low*adap&ve*poten&al* ! ShortRdistance*pollen*dispersal*=>*Reduce*gene*flow*through*pollen*

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

• Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:*

! Adapta&ve*response:*change*of*phenotype*with*gene&c*change* ! Plas&c*response:*change*of*phenotype*without*gene&c*change* ! Migra&on:**no*phenotypic*or*gene&c*changes*

• Selfing*hermaphrodic*plants:*

! Small*effec&ve*popula&on*size*=>*Low*adap&ve*poten&al* ! ShortRdistance*pollen*dispersal*=>*Reduce*gene*flow*through*pollen* "*Local*adapta&on*of*the*model*selfing*legume*Medicago#truncatula#

Local(adapta/on(in(the(model(legume,(Medicago!truncatula!

• 10

10 20 30 30 35 40 45

Local(adapta/on(in(the(model(legume,(Medicago!truncatula!

Southern#Spain#(2#genotypes)# Corsica#(3#genotypes)# Southern#France#(9#genotypes)#

• 10

10 20 30 30 35 40 45

Local(adapta/on(in(the(model(legume,(Medicago!truncatula!

Are*local*French*popula&ons*beOer*adapted?* "*Rela&ve*importance*of*migra&on?*

Southern#Spain#(2#genotypes)# Corsica#(3#genotypes)# Southern#France#(9#genotypes)#

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients!

• GenotypingRbyRsequencing*(GBS)*of*the*14*genotypes*
• Replicated*sawing*of*seeds*in*September*2014*

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients!

• GenotypingRbyRsequencing*(GBS)*of*the*14*genotypes*
• Replicated*sawing*of*seeds*in*September*2014*
• Phenotypic*traits*measured*in*the*field*in*2015:*

! Flowering*&me* ! Nitrogen*and*carbon*content* ! Specific*leaf*area*

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients!

• GenotypingRbyRsequencing*(GBS)*of*the*14*genotypes*
• Replicated*sawing*of*seeds*in*September*2014*
• Phenotypic*traits*measured*in*the*field*in*2015:*

! Flowering*&me* ! Nitrogen*and*carbon*content* ! Specific*leaf*area*

• Frequency*of*each*genotype*es&mated*every*year*(star&ng*2015)**using*

HiRSeq*metabarcoding*

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients!

• GenotypingRbyRsequencing*(GBS)*of*the*14*genotypes*
• Replicated*sawing*of*seeds*in*September*2014*
• Phenotypic*traits*measured*in*the*field*in*2015:*

! Flowering*&me* ! Nitrogen*and*carbon*content* ! Specific*leaf*area*

• Frequency*of*each*genotype*es&mated*every*year*(star&ng*2015)**using*

HiRSeq*metabarcoding*

• Correla&on*between*change*in*frequency*of*a*genotype*and*its*

phenotypic*traits?*

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients!

Genotype* frequency* change* Nitrogen* concentra&on*

Genotype(frequency(es/ma/on(( using(pool?sequencing!

• Low*genotyping*error*of*the*parental*

lines*(<1%)*

• Varia&on*in*DNA*extrac&on/

quan&fica&on*accounts*for*most*of* the*es&ma&on*error*

• Reliable*frequency*es&ma&on*

provided*sufficient*read*coverage#

* Postdoc(advisors(/collaborators:** L.*Gay*/**J.*Ronfort* T.*Bataillon* S.*Glémin* S.*Santoni*/*K.*Loridon* Technical(assistance:( D.*Tauzin* P.*Noel* InsighEul(discussions:( N.*Chanteret*/*P.*Roumet* T.*Flutre*/*G.*Sarah* GE2Pop(lab(members*

Acknowledgements(

Thanks!*

NIRS(protocol(valida/on(in(the(greenhouse(

• 0.760

0.765 0.770 0.775 0.780 0.785 0.790 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

Water content (mL/mg) Predicted nitrogen content (mg/mg)

• Corsica

Narbonne Spain

• 0.010

0.011 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.016 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

Dry Weight (mg) Predicted nitrogen content (mg/mg)

• Corsica

Narbonne Spain

"*Gene&c*differences*between*genotypes*in*nitrogen/water*content/DW* *H2=0.21/0.21/0.25*

• Corsica

Narbonne Spain

• d

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t t

• d
• s

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• Environment A

Environment B Fitness Genotype A, a specialist in A Genotype B, a specialist in B Genotype C, a generalist

Elena*&*Lenski*2003*

Local(adapta/on(