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Arno Smets
Introduction to Solar Energy
Solar Light II
Week 1.6.2
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(Source: NASA)
Introduction to Solar Energy Solar Light II Week 1.6.2 Arno Smets - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Introduction to Solar Energy Solar Light II Week 1.6.2 Arno Smets - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Introduction to Solar Energy Solar Light II Week 1.6.2 Arno Smets ` (Source: NASA) Atmosphere ~ 8,000km Earths Diameter 12,800km Solar Constant: Entry point into atmosphere Intensity ~ 1,350 W/m 2 Atmosphere Extraterrestrial solar
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Atmosphere ~ 8,000km Atmosphere Earth’s Diameter 12,800km Solar Constant: Entry point into atmosphere Intensity ~ 1,350 W/m2
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Wavelength (nm)
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
5800 K Blackbody Spectrum
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Sunlight Top of the Atmosphere Infrared Visibl e UV
Spectral Power Density(W/m2/nm)
Extraterrestrial solar spectrum
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Extraterrestrial and terrestrial solar spectrum
Wavelength (nm)
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
5800 K Blackbody Spectrum Radiation at Sea Level
Absorption Bands H2O CO2 H2O H2O H2O
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Sunlight Top of the Atmosphere Infrared Visibl e UV
Spectral Irradiance (W/m2/nm)
H2O O2 O3
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4% 20% 6% Incoming Solar Radiation 100% 19% Absorbed by Atmosphere and Clouds
Reflected by Atmosphere Reflected by Clouds
51% Absorbed at Surface Reflected from Surface
Losses in Solar Radiation
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Sunlight Atmosphere Sunlight
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Air mass
Y X q
1 c AM
- sq
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Irradiance and spectral power density for AM1.5
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 500 1000 3500 1500
AM1.5
Irradiance I (Wm-2) Wavelength (nm) P(l) (Wm-2 nm-1)
2000 2500 3000 4000 200 400 600 800 1000
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hc ) ( P ) ( l l l
Spectral Photon Flux and Spectral Power Density
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Photon Flux and Spectral Photon Flux
l
l l d ) (
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Relation Irradiance and spectral power density for AM1.5
5 4 3 2 1 500 1000 350 1500
AM1.5
Photon flux (1021s-1m-2) Wavelength (nm) Spectral photon flux (1018s-1m-2nm-1)
2000 2500 3000 400 5 4 3 2 1
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1 sun hour = 1 kWh/m2 = 1000 W/m2 x 1 hour
Solar irradiation on Earth
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Nominal power Module 100 Wp (power generated under 1000 W/m2, AM1.5)
Solar irradiation on Earth
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The Netherlands: 2.7 sun hours/day/year
Solar irradiation on Earth
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Output per day: 100 Wp x 2.7 sunhours =270 Wh Per year: 98.6 kWh
Solar irradiation on Earth
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4000 3000 2000 1000 500 400 300 200 100 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Response [arbitrary units] Wavelength [nm]
Clear Hazy Cloudy figure 3: spectral shift in diffuse irradiance with sky type UVB UVA Visible Infrared
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Diffuse Radiation
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Global, Diffuse, Direct, Atmospheric [W/m2]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
BSRN-Station Lindenberg, 05-03-2004
Source: DWD, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg
diurnal variation of irriadiance on 05-03-2004 Global Diffuse Direct Atmosphere
Hour [UTC]
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Uout Thermopile Heatsink Black Coating Dome
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Global, Diffuse, Direct, Atmospheric [W/m2]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
BSRN-Station Lindenberg, 05-03-2004
Source: DWD, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg
diurnal variation of irriadiance on 05-03-2004 Global Diffuse Direct Atmosphere
Hour [UTC]
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Global, Diffuse, Direct, Atmospheric [W/m2]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
BSRN-Station Lindenberg, 06-03-2004
Source: DWD, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg
diurnal variation of irriadiance on 06-03-2004 Global Diffuse Direct Atmosphere
Hour [UTC]
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(Source: NASA)