Introduction to Lighter-Than-Air Systems Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction to Lighter-Than-Air Systems Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant Aerospace Engineering Department Spherical Aerostat IIT Bombay AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Lighter Than Air Heavier than Air Systems Systems Aerostatic lift + Dynamic Lift No Aerostatic Lift Highly fuel efficient Fuel inefficient Less complex operating mechanisms Complex mechanisms Slow Fast More susceptible to weather changes Less susceptible to weather changes AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Airship Aerostat Hot Air Balloon • Lift: LTA Gas • Lift: LTA Gas • Lift: Hot Air • Unpowered • Powered • No Directional Control • Only stabilizing surfaces • Directional Control • Balloon Direction depends on wind AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Pix: Courtesy Wikipedia Hot Air Balloon = simplest form of LTA System! AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Air Airshi hips Lift Drag Thrust Weight Enclosed volume of Helium provides the aerostatic lift without any use of additional energy L B = V( ρ a - ρ g ) AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Co Compo pone nents of an Air Airship ENVELOPE CONTROL SURFACES GONDOLA AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Types of Airships Semi R Se i Rig igid id Rig igid id Non on Rigi gid Hot ot ai air AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Maiden Flight of Skyship 600 Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwkJIU-zLJE AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Modern Manned Airship Adapted from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-OSvDfQuOU AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

USP of Airships  Ability to operate from open fields  Extremely high endurance capability  Stationary / low-speed flight allows on-board surveillance systems to operate in high-clutter environment  Large cabin space and low vibrations reduces crew fatigue  Low noise, low environment pollution, unobtrusive vehicle  Varied applications as an aerial platform AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Existing Applications of Airships  Advertisement & Product Promotion  Aerial Observation & Surveillance  Tourism and Corporate Hospitality  Landmine Counter Measures  Law Enforcement AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Advertisement & Product Promotion AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Aerial Observation AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Tourism AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Sports Tracking from A60+ operated by Metlife AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Corporate Hospitality AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

MINESEEKER in KOSAVO AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems 21/12/2006 Chapter-01

Police Surveillance 2004 Olympics, Athens 1996 Olympics, Atlanta Time Lapse Video Olympics 2012 AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Clip from A View to a Kill APPLICATION OF AIRSHIPS ARE LIMITED BY ONES IMAGINATION AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Tethered ed Ae Aerostat Sy System ems AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Aerostat: Introduction W pay : 10 – 15 lb  Aerodynamically shaped H : 700 – 2000 ft tethered LTA platform W : 500 – 750 lb L : 20 – 30 ft  Payload: communication and E : < 48 hours surveillance equipment V : < 45 kt : 1 N crew  Desired Features:  Higher payload capacity  Ability to maintain specified altitude  Stability in ambient wind conditions  Envelope shape affects all these Source: http://www.wsgi.com/ AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Parts of an Aerostat  Envelope (He chamber)  LTA Lifting gas  Air ballonet  Pressure and Buoyancy control  Tail fins  Static and Dynamic stability  Tether  Attachment to the ground  Payload  Radar, camera, transponders, ..  Ground station  Winching  Mooring AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Moored Aerostat AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Akashdeep Aerostat of DRDO, India AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Why Aerostats ?? AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Aerostat v/s Aircraft Aerostat Aircraft Needs good weather Can work in bad weather Remains Stationary Can achieve high speeds Zero fuel consumption Massive fuel Consumption Max. Endurance ~30 days Max. Endurance ~16 hours Can be launched from any Requires specific terrain to be terrain launched AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Aerostat v/s Satellite  Aerostats are highly cost effective  Aerostats are portable and can be re-located  Aerostats provide greater detail as they are closer to the surveillance area AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Various Applications of aerostats  Surveillance & Communication  Border, Wide Area Land & Event Coverage  Sea-Based Deployment, Military Intelligence  Wireless, Long Range, High Speed, Last mile  Local aerial surveillance  Aerodrome protection  Balloon Barrage System  Communications platform during emergencies  Airborne Early Warning Radar System AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Raytheon JLENS Aerostat  Joint  Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense  Elevated  Netted  Sensor system AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Other Examples of aerostat  Used by meteorological department Sour ource: B British M h Met eteor eorol ology ogy Cent entre AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

World’s orld’s Larges Largest t Aeros erostat at Used during Commonwealth Games 2010, New Delhi 40m X 80m X 12m AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

3 AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01 www.ltascorp.com/bib.html

Oblate Spheroid with Sail Pictur ure: Cour ourtes esy ALTA LTAVE, Sao ao Jos ose e dos dos Cam ampos pos, Braz azil, www.alt ltave ve.co com.br AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Rapid Elevated Aerostat Platform AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Topic of the next lecture on 14 th January 2014 HI HIST STORICAL PERSPE PERSPECTIVES VES AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01