Introduction to Lighter-Than-Air Systems Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction to Lighter-Than-Air Systems Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction to Lighter-Than-Air Systems Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant Aerospace Engineering Department Spherical Aerostat IIT Bombay AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01 Lighter Than Air Heavier than Air Systems Systems Aerostatic lift +

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Introduction to Lighter-Than-Air Systems

  • Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant

Aerospace Engineering Department IIT Bombay

Spherical Aerostat

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Aerostatic lift + Dynamic Lift Highly fuel efficient

Less complex operating mechanisms

Slow

More susceptible to weather changes

Heavier than Air Systems

No Aerostatic Lift Fuel inefficient

Complex mechanisms

Fast

Less susceptible to weather changes

Lighter Than Air Systems

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Airship

  • Lift: LTA Gas
  • Powered
  • Directional Control

Aerostat

  • Lift: LTA Gas
  • Unpowered
  • Only stabilizing surfaces

Hot Air Balloon

  • Lift: Hot Air
  • No Directional Control
  • Balloon Direction

depends on wind

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Hot Air Balloon = simplest form of LTA System!

Pix: Courtesy Wikipedia

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Air Airshi hips

Thrust Lift Weight Drag Enclosed volume of Helium provides the aerostatic lift without any use of additional energy LB = V(ρa - ρg)

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Co Compo pone nents of an Air Airship

CONTROL SURFACES ENVELOPE GONDOLA

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Types of Airships

Rig igid id Non

  • n Rigi

gid Se Semi R i Rig igid id Hot

  • t ai

air

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Maiden Flight of Skyship 600

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwkJIU-zLJE

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Modern Manned Airship

Adapted from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-OSvDfQuOU

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

 Ability to operate from open fields  Extremely high endurance capability  Stationary / low-speed flight allows on-board surveillance

systems to operate in high-clutter environment

 Large cabin space and low vibrations reduces crew fatigue  Low noise, low environment pollution, unobtrusive vehicle  Varied applications as an aerial platform

USP of Airships

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

 Advertisement & Product Promotion  Aerial Observation & Surveillance  Tourism and Corporate Hospitality  Landmine Counter Measures  Law Enforcement

Existing Applications of Airships

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Advertisement & Product Promotion

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Aerial Observation

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Tourism

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Sports Tracking

from A60+ operated by Metlife

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Corporate Hospitality

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

MINESEEKER in KOSAVO

21/12/2006

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Police Surveillance

1996 Olympics, Atlanta 2004 Olympics, Athens Time Lapse Video Olympics 2012

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

APPLICATION OF AIRSHIPS ARE LIMITED BY ONES IMAGINATION

Clip from A View to a Kill

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Tethered ed Ae Aerostat Sy System ems

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Aerostat: Introduction

 Aerodynamically shaped

tethered LTA platform

 Payload: communication and

surveillance equipment

 Desired Features:

  • Higher payload capacity
  • Ability to maintain specified

altitude

  • Stability in ambient wind

conditions

 Envelope shape affects all

these

Source: http://www.wsgi.com/

Wpay : 10 – 15 lb H : 700 – 2000 ft W : 500 – 750 lb L : 20 – 30 ft E : < 48 hours V : < 45 kt Ncrew

: 1

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

 Envelope (He chamber)

  • LTA Lifting gas

 Air ballonet

  • Pressure and Buoyancy control

 Tail fins

  • Static and Dynamic stability

 Tether

  • Attachment to the ground

 Payload

  • Radar, camera, transponders, ..

 Ground station

  • Winching
  • Mooring

Parts of an Aerostat

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Moored Aerostat

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Akashdeep Aerostat of DRDO, India

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Why Aerostats ??

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Aerostat Aircraft

Needs good weather Can work in bad weather Remains Stationary Can achieve high speeds Zero fuel consumption Massive fuel Consumption

  • Max. Endurance ~30 days
  • Max. Endurance ~16 hours

Can be launched from any terrain Requires specific terrain to be launched

Aerostat v/s Aircraft

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

 Aerostats are highly cost effective  Aerostats are portable and can be re-located  Aerostats provide greater detail as they are closer

to the surveillance area

Aerostat v/s Satellite

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

 Surveillance & Communication

  • Border, Wide Area Land & Event Coverage
  • Sea-Based Deployment, Military Intelligence
  • Wireless, Long Range, High Speed, Last mile

 Local aerial surveillance  Aerodrome protection

  • Balloon Barrage System
  • Communications platform during emergencies
  • Airborne Early Warning Radar System

Various Applications of aerostats

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

 Joint  Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense  Elevated  Netted  Sensor system

Raytheon JLENS Aerostat

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

 Used by meteorological department

Other Examples of aerostat

Sour

  • urce: B

British M h Met eteor eorol

  • logy
  • gy Cent

entre

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

World’s

  • rld’s Larges

Largest t Aeros erostat at

Used during Commonwealth Games 2010, New Delhi

40m X 80m X 12m

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

3 www.ltascorp.com/bib.html

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Oblate Spheroid with Sail

Pictur ure: Cour

  • urtes

esy ALTA LTAVE, Sao ao Jos

  • se

e dos dos Cam ampos pos, Braz azil, www.alt ltave ve.co com.br

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

Rapid Elevated Aerostat Platform

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AE-664 Lighter-Than-Air Systems Chapter-01

HI HIST STORICAL PERSPE PERSPECTIVES VES

Topic of the next lecture on 14th January 2014