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14th. Feb.2013 Short Presentation in APEC-TSUKUBA Conference Introduction Research on Prospective Elementary School Teachers' Perceptions for Disaster Prevention Education The Great East Japan Earthquake: Date and Time : 11 March 2011 14:46

  1. 14th. Feb.2013 Short Presentation in APEC-TSUKUBA Conference Introduction Research on Prospective Elementary School Teachers' Perceptions for Disaster Prevention Education  The Great East Japan Earthquake: Date and Time : 11 March 2011 14:46 Magnitude : 9.0 (interim value; the largest earthquake recorded in Japan) Epicenter : N38.1, E142.9 (130km ESE)  Main aftershocks: On April 7, an earthquake of magnitude 7.4 Yutaka OHARA On April 11, an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 College of Human and Environmental Studies, (preliminary estimate) Kanto-Gakuin University Tragedy at How bad was human suffering Okawa Elementary School due to the earthquake and tsunami?  The earthquake and tsunami devastated the Tohoku district and other regions. Damages were inflicted in Kanto district, too. The number of deaths is 15,560, the number of injured is 5,689, and the number of missing is 5,329 (as of July 13 according to the National Police Agency).  The number of those evacuated is Okawa elementary school is in Ishinomaki, Miyagi. approximately 111,532 (as of July 7 at15:00 Tsunami overcame children who had tried to move to the according to the Disaster Management safety place. 74 of 108 whole school students, 10 of 13 teachers Agency). became the dead or missing. http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/visit/incidents/index.html 1

  2. Seriously consider Purpose & Method what teacher trainer can do  The purpose of this study is to  In disaster, elementary schools will investigate the characteristics of have most serious damage. prospective elementary school  Although there are some researches teachers' awareness in disaster on in-service teachers and pupils for prevention education. disaster prevention, little attention  For this purpose, we conducted a has been given to pre-service teacher’s questionnaire investigation for 96 perception for it. subjects. Data were gathered in November 2011. Primary Findings Questionnaire investigation the questionnaire has two parts.  Pre-service elementary school teachers have interest in disaster reduction  Part A is to identify their levels of education to study professional issues interests about disaster prevention  Six factors extracted from their education. consciousness by factor analysis  Highly technical three factors had  Part B is to check their levels of positively affected confidence in judgment, confidence to teach the disaster instructions under disaster, and prevention for pupils development of pupil’s independence during usual activity. 2

  3. Part A of questionnaire Part B of questionnaire Confidences for Pedagogical Contents Knowledge Q1. I'm interested in disaster prevention.  (a) Items on the earthquakes & tsunamis Q2. I'm interested in disaster prevention education. and terrain & facilities. (11 items) Q3. I would like to take a lecture on school safety.  (b) Items on the nature or cause of the earthquake & tsunami. (11 items) Q4. I would like to hear from experts of disaster (c) Items on disaster prevention. (11 items) prevention. Q5. I would like to hear from afflicted people. Confidences for Pedagogical Skills  (d) Items on disaster prevention Strongly No Strongly Yes No Maybe No Maybe Yes Yes Education. (6 items) （ Six level choices ） （ Six level choices ） Results of Part B Factor Analysis Results of Part A Profession of Disaster Presentational Average SD N=96 N=96 factor (#1) 4.73 1.06 Q1(P) ** Earthquake Basement 4.82 0.91 Q2(P) ** factor (#2) 4.81 0.95 Q3(P) ** Earthquake Profession 4.64 0.94 factor (#3) Q4(P) ** Urgency Evacuation 5.03 0.98 Q5(P) ** factor (#4) Localism factor (#5)  Therefore, prospective elementary school  Firstly, all items are statistically-significant Landscape factor (#6) teachers have interest in disaster reduction by Fisher's exact probability (binominal) test. education to study professional issues Factor Scores (Weighted Average) : 0.469 (p < .01) Cronbach's coefficient α : 0.661 3

  4. Results of Part B Results of Part B Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Multiple Linear Regression Analysis R R Independent Independent Multiple Correlation Coefficient Multiple Correlation Coefficient Variables (factors) Variables (factors) Dependent Dependent Variable #1 Variable #2 0.608 * 0.513 * Profession of Disaster Profession of Disaster Having a lot of Having a lot of Earthquake Basement Earthquake Basement confidence in confidence in ability to provide ability to make Earthquake Profession Earthquake Profession 0.263 * 0.231 * right decision right direction when Earthquake when Earthquake Urgency Evacuation Urgency Evacuation occurred occurred -0.233 * Localism Localism ＊ p < .001, R 2 = 0.414 ＊ p < .001, R 2 = 0.401 Landscape & form Landscape & form Results of Part B Short Discussion Multiple Linear Regression Analysis R Independent  Specially, three factors ( Profession of Disaster Multiple Correlation Coefficient Variables (factors) Preventional factor (#1) , Urgency Evacuation Dependent factor (#4) , Localism factor (#5) , ) had positively β 1 Variable #3 Profession of Disaster 0.532 * affected prospective teacher’s confidence Having a lot of under disaster. Earthquake Basement confidence in  So far, we have seen what it is important ability to develop Earthquake Profession to develop the prospective teacher from a proactive attitude for Urgency Evacuation viewpoint of disaster prevention education Disaster Prevention in pre-service teacher training. Localism ＊ p < .001, R 2 = 0.276 Landscape & form 4

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