INTRODUCTION A major problem in dairy cattle production in - - PDF document

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30/ 11/ 2016 SEAG International Workshop : Tropical Bio-resources for Sustainable Development Bogor, 13-15 August, 2014 E FFECT OF S EED D ENSITY AND N UTRIENT S OURCE ON P RODUCTION AND Q UALITY OF G REEN H OUSE F ODDER AS D AIRY C ATTLE F EED

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EFFECT OF SEED DENSITY AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF GREEN HOUSE FODDER AS DAIRY CATTLE FEED

SEAG International Workshop :

Tropical Bio-resources for Sustainable Development

Bogor, 13-15 August, 2014

Idat G. Permana, Despal & Dara M elisa Dapartment of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology Faculty of Animal Science - Bogor Agricultural University www.ipb.ac.id

INTRODUCTION



A major problem in dairy cattle production in Indonesia:



low quantity and quality of feed.



M ostly the feed of dairy cattle is roughage, however due to the lack

f land ownership, the production

quality cultivated grass is low.



Green house fodder (GHF) or hydroponic fodder is a vertical planting system with hydroponic systems in greenhouses that produce high-quality forage



GHF can be used as an alternative to produce high quality fodder.

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INTRODUCTION



Benefits of GHF are: CP and digestibility increase, increase of availability some vitamin.



Grains: corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, etc.



GHF production influenced by:



Nutrient Supply, Grain Variety and Quality, Temperature, Humidity, Depth and Seed Density.



Bioslurry is effluent that produced from biogas digester, containt rich nutrient for plant.

OBJECTIVES

 T

study the effect of bioslurry from biogas

digester as nutrient solution and seed density on production and quality of corn hydroponic fodder.

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METHODOLOGY



Location:

 IPB University Farm’s green house, Darmaga, Bogor 

Green House Fodder (GHF) Production:



Corn GHF was produced on hydroponic system with addition different nutrient solutions and different seed density.



Nutrient solutions:



0% bioslurry + 100% commercial nutrient solution



25% bioslurry + 75% commercial nutrient solution



50% bioslurry + 50% commercial nutrient solution



Seed density:



350 g/ tray, 450 g/ tray and 500 g/ tray



Corn were grown for 8 days

GHF PRODUCTION

STEP ACTIVITIES

1. Seed selection 2. Soaking in water for 24 hours 3. Washing with clean water 4. Placed in trays, spraying with nutrient solution for 7-8 times, or used aoutomatic watering system 5. Harvesting after 8 days

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METHODOLOGY

 Parameters:

 Fresh and DM biomass yield, plant growth,

nutrient content (ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract), DM in vitro digestibility, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia (NH3) concentration  Experimental design:

 A factorial (3 x 3) design  Data analyses using ANOVA

GHF PRODUCTION

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GHF PRODUCTION

Harvesting of corn GHF

GHF PRODUCTION

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PLANT GROWTH

Seed Density (g/ tray) Bioslurry Percentage (%) Average 25 50 350 28.37 ± 6.40 29.13 ± 6.76 19.60 ± 6.26 25.72 ± 7.26 450 28.80 ± 4.69 24.90 ± 5.07 25.50 ± 5.07 26.40 ± 4.65 500 30.51 ± 1.75 25.70 ± 4.66 21.37 ± 1.93 25.73 ± 5.22

Average

29.10 ± 0.92b 26.60 ± 2.29b 22.16 ± 3.03a

Table 1. Effect of bioslurry as nutrient solution and seed density on average of plant height (cm/ day) of corn GHF

PLANT GROWTH

5 10 15 20 25 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Plant height (cm) Day

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FRESH BIOMASS YIELD

Seed Density (g/ tray) Bioslurry Percentage (%) Average 25 50 350 674 ± 141 862.33 ± 127 610 ± 144 715 ± 165a 450 924 ± 81 929.33 ± 159 712 ± 251 855 ± 188b 500 1056 ± 113 912.33 ± 86 830 ± 39 933 ± 123b Average 884 ± 194b 901 ± 35b 717 ± 110a

Table 2. Effect of bioslurry as nutrient solution and seed density on fresh biomass yield (% DM ) of corn GHF

CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT

Seed Density (g/ tray) Bioslurry Percentage (%) Average 25 50 350 14.09 ± 1.52 12.94 ± 0.88 12.68 ± 0.91 13.24 ± 1.18 450 14.57 ± 1.58 13.97 ± 2.43 14.76 ± 0.40 14.43 ± 1.50 500 13.83 ± 0.46 14.12 ± 1.89 13.74 ± 1.39 13.90 ± 1.21 Average 14.16 ± 0.38 13.68 ± 0.64 13.73 ± 1.04

Table 3. Effect of bioslurry as nutrient solution and seed density on crude protein (CP) content (% DM ) of corn GHF

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CRUDE LIPID CONTENT

Seed Density (g/ tray) Bioslurry Percentage (%) Average 25 50 350 5.40 ± 1.45 3.36 ± 1.76 4.29 ± 0.30 4.35 ± 1.45 450 4.70 ± 0.18 4.47 ± 0.52 2.99 ± 1.29 4.05 ± 1.07 500 3.94 ± 0.31 3.80 ± 0.15 3.86 ± 0.05 3.87 ± 0.19 Average 4.68 ± 0.73 3.88 ± 0.56 3.72 ± 0.66

Table 4. Effect of bioslurry as nutrient solution and seed density on crude lipid (CL) content (% DM ) of corn GHF

CRUDE FIBRE CONTENT

Seed Density (g/ tray) Bioslurry Percentage (%) Average 25 50 350 3.92 ± 1.89 4.21 ± 1.63 4.69 ± 0.83 4.27 ± 1.36 450 5.39 ± 0.82 5.54 ± 1.13 4.97 ± 1.45 5.30 ± 1.04 500 4.48 ± 0.22 4.59 ± 1.61 2.84 ± 0.19 3.97 ± 1.18 Average 4.60 ± 0.74 4.78 ± 0.68 4.17 ± 1.16

Table 5. Effect of bioslurry as nutrient solution and seed density on crude fibre (CF) content (% DM ) of corn GHF

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NFE CONTENT

Seed Density (g/ tray) Bioslurry Percentage (%) Average 25 50 350 68.66 ± 1.27 74.38 ± 3.13 73.87 ± 1.85 72.31 ± 3.35a 450 70.23 ± 3.51 70.03 ± 2.44 71.90 ± 3.76 70.72 ± 2.98a 500 73.00 ± 1.60 74.65 ± 3.19 76.91 ± 1.73 74.85 ± 2.61b Average 70.63 ± 2.20a 73.02 ± 2.60b 74.23 ± 2.52a

Table 6. Effect of bioslurry as nutrient solution and seed density

n nitrogen free extract (NFE) content (% DM ) of corn GHF

CORN GRAIN VS CORN GHF

1.8

10.6

1.3 3.1 83.2 4.9

13.9

4.5 4.1 72.6 Ash CP CL CF NFE

Corn Grain Corn GHF

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50 60 70 80 90 100 0% Bioslurry 25% Bioslurry 50% Bioslurry

79% 85% 83%

In vitro Digestibility (%)

Corn GHF Digestibility (% DM )

DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY

Seed Density (g/ tray) Bioslurry Percentage (%) Average 25 50 350 77.51 ± 2.18 85.24 ± 3.28 76.39 ± 1.28 79.71 ± 4.66a 450 74.28 ± 0.55 84.62 ± 1.64 85.53 ± 2.39 81.48 ± 5.61b 500 85.92 ± 2.71 84.59 ± 1.89 87.05 ± 1.16 85.86 ± 2.05c Average 79.24 ± 6.01a 84.82 ± 0.37c 82.99± 5.76b

Table 7. Effect of bioslurry as nutrient solution and seed density

n in vitro DM digestibility (%) of corn GHF

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Seed Density (g/ tray)

Bioslurry Percentage (%) Average 25 50

350 160.51 ± 27.91 147.96 ± 21.48 131.38 ± 32.16 146.62 ± 27.00

450 152.41 ± 23.94 132.44 ±32.39 130.91 ± 25.08 138.59 ± 25.90

500 193.81 ± 74.90 153.79 ± 16.84 167.73 ± 94.24 171.78 ± 63.27 Average 168.91 ± 21.94 144.73 ± 11.03 143.34 ± 21.12

Table 8. Effect of bioslurry as nutrient solution and seed density

n VFA concentration (mM ) of corn GHF

TOTAL VFA CONCENTRATION NH3 CONCENTRATION

Seed Density (g/ tray)

Bioslurry Percentage (%) Average 25 50

350 5.29 ± 0.37 4.23 ± 0.24 4.82 ± 0.46 4.78 ± 0.56 450 5.19 ± 0.99 5.21 ± 2.78 5.57 ± 2.37 5.32 ± 1.90 500 3.79 ± 0.22 4.70 ± 0.36 4.39 ± 2.23 4.29 ± 1.20 Average 4.76 ± 0.84 4.71 ± 0.49 4.93 ± 0.59

Table 9. Effect of bioslurry as nutrient solution and seed density

n NH3 concentration (mM ) of corn GHF

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CONCLUSIONS

 GHF increased CP content of corn grain from 8% to 14%,

without significant CF change.

 The application of 25% bioslurry as nutrient source and

medium seed density (45 g/ 100 cm2) produced highest corn GHF yield and higher digestibility.

FUNDING SUPPORTED BY:

 SNV – The Netherland  IPB Strategic Research 2013

Green house fodder pilot project in KPSBU Lembang-Bandung

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