into useful electrical energy using piezoelectric 2D materials G. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Conversion of mechanical noise into useful electrical energy using piezoelectric 2D materials G. Abadal and F. Torres NOEMS for ENERGY LABORATORY (NANERG LAB) Departament dEnginyeria Electrnica, Escola dEnginyeria, Universitat Autnoma

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SLIDE 1

Conversion of mechanical noise into useful electrical energy using piezoelectric 2D materials

  • G. Abadal and F. Torres

NOEMS for ENERGY LABORATORY (NANERG LAB) Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), SPAIN

  • M. López-Suárez and L. Gammaitoni

NiPS Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisica - Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, ITALY

W.J. Venstra

Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CJ, THE NETHERLANDS

  • R. Rurali

Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain 7th International Conference on Unsolved Problems on Noise Barcelona, Casa Convalescència, Spain, July 13-17 2015

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SLIDE 2

Thomas, J., M. Qidwai, and J. Kellogg, Energy scavenging for small-scale unmanned systems. Journal of Power Sources, 2006. 159(2): p. 1494-1509.

Energy Harvesting (EH)

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SLIDE 3

Thomas, J., M. Qidwai, and J. Kellogg, Energy scavenging for small-scale unmanned systems. Journal of Power Sources, 2006. 159(2): p. 1494-1509.

Energy Harvesting (EH)

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SLIDE 4

Thomas, J., M. Qidwai, and J. Kellogg, Energy scavenging for small-scale unmanned systems. Journal of Power Sources, 2006. 159(2): p. 1494-1509.

Vibration Energy Harvesting (VEH)

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SLIDE 5

Vibration Energy Harvesting (VEH)

From S. Roundy et al., Computer Communications, 26, 1131–1144, 2003

Characteristic frequencies Narrow band sources Running car

From: Neri, I., Travasso, F., Mincigrucci, R., Vocca, H., Orfei, F., & Gammaitoni, L.; Journal

  • f Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2012

Running train NO Characteristic frequencies Wide band sources

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SLIDE 6

Vibration Energy Harvesting (VEH)

From S. Roundy et al., Computer Communications, 26, 1131–1144, 2003

Characteristic frequencies Narrow band sources Running car

From: Neri, I., Travasso, F., Mincigrucci, R., Vocca, H., Orfei, F., & Gammaitoni, L.; Journal

  • f Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2012

Running train NO Characteristic frequencies Wide band sources

Convert efficiently the energy from mechanical NOISE (wide band spectrum) into electrical energy

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SLIDE 7

Outline

 Introduction. Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting (WBVEH)  From mm-scale to mm-scale bistable WBVEH  nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials  Conclusions

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SLIDE 8

Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting. Bistable approach Frequency (a.u.) Vibration amplitude (a.u.) Velocity (a.u.) Position (a.u.)

Position Energy

Linear resonator

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SLIDE 9

Frequency (a.u.) Vibration amplitude (a.u.) Velocity (a.u.) Position (a.u.)

Position Energy Position Energy

Non-Linear resonator Linear resonator Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting. Bistable approach

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SLIDE 10

Frequency (a.u.) Vibration amplitude (a.u.) Velocity (a.u.) Position (a.u.)

Position Energy Position Energy Position Energy

Non-Linear resonator Non-Linear resonator Linear resonator Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting. Bistable approach

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SLIDE 11

Outline

 Introduction. Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting (WBVEH)  From mm-scale to mm-scale bistable WBVEH  nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials  Conclusions

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SLIDE 12

Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting. Bistable approach

  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

2 4 6

  • 0,1

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 Total Potential Energy (pJ) Cantilever vertical displacement, z (mm)

q=10 fC

d=10 mm d=3 mm d=2 mm

d

1

q

2

q

Counter Electrode (CE) Cantilever z x y

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SLIDE 13

Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting. Bistable approach

  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

2 4 6

  • 0,1

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 Total Potential Energy (pJ) Cantilever vertical displacement, z (mm)

q=10 fC

d=10 mm d=3 mm d=2 mm

d

1

q

2

q

Counter Electrode (CE) Cantilever z x y

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SLIDE 14

Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting. Bistable approach

  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

2 4 6

  • 0,1

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 Total Potential Energy (pJ) Cantilever vertical displacement, z (mm)

q=10 fC

d=10 mm d=3 mm d=2 mm

d

1

q

2

q

Counter Electrode (CE) Cantilever z x y

Lateral view Top view

cantilever CE gap

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SLIDE 15

Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting. Bistable approach

  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

2 4 6

  • 0,1

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 Total Potential Energy (pJ) Cantilever vertical displacement, z (mm)

q=10 fC

d=10 mm d=3 mm d=2 mm

d

1

q

2

q

Counter Electrode (CE) Cantilever z x y 0,00 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04

  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

2 4 6 Time (s) Vertical cant. displ., z (mm)

d=2,5mm d=10,0mm d=3,6mm

Frms=4nN

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SLIDE 16

Outline

 Introduction. Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting (WBVEH)  From mm-scale to mm-scale bistable WBVEH  nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials  Conclusions

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SLIDE 17

w l

x

  • 1.5
  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

  • 0.05

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

Elastic potential energy (aJ) Displacement (nm)

V 

     

x

nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials

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SLIDE 18

dE nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials

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SLIDE 19

kBT

) ( ) ( t F z b z z E z m

rms eff

         

e=0.27% e=0% e=0.12%

K T TbB k F

B th rms

300 @ 4  

nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials. GRAPHENE Langevin equation Spring-mass model

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SLIDE 20

nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials. GRAPHENE

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SLIDE 21

PD*=15 mW/cm3

*A realistic V=10mm3 is considered to include mechanical anchors

P=0.15 pW Frms=5 pN

nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials. h-BN

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SLIDE 22

nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials. h-BN

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SLIDE 23

nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials. h-BN

233x30 supercell of the rectangular 4-atom unit: 100.8nm x 7.5nm armchair nanoribbon 27,960 atoms. Snapshot of the dynamics of a BN nanoribbon subjected to a compression of 1.5%.

Molecular dynamics: NVT ensemble using LAMMPS code and Langevin thermostat.

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SLIDE 24

nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials. h-BN

P=8 pW Frms=1.3 nN PD*=80 mW/cm3

*A realistic V=100mm3 is considered to include mechanical anchors

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SLIDE 25

nm-scale bistable WBVEH: NEMS based on piezoelectric 2D materials. h-BN

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SLIDE 26
  • Non-linear based strategies for the implementation of WBVEH can be downscaled to the

mm-scale using MEMS and to the nm-scale using NEMS.

  • The advantages of downscaling are:

– The adaption to low intensity mechanical noise sources. – The enhancement of the harvested power density.

Conclusions

200 nm

10

  • 12

10

  • 10

10

  • 8

10

  • 6

10

  • 4

10

  • 2

10 10

2

10

  • 6

10

  • 5

10

  • 4

10

  • 3

10

  • 2

Power density (W·cm

  • 3)

Volume (cm

3)

10

  • 14

10

  • 12

10

  • 10

10

  • 8

10

  • 6

10

  • 4

Power (W)

10

  • 12

10

  • 10

10

  • 8

10

  • 6

10

  • 4

10

  • 2

Lopez-Suarez '14 nm-scale Lopez-Suarez '13

mm-scale

Frms (N)

Gammaitoni '09 mm-scale

  • However, there is a lack of experimental results to validate the predicted performance
  • f the studied nanoelectromechanical converters based on piezoelectric 2D materials.
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SLIDE 27

http://grupsderecerca.uab.cat/nanerglab/

NOEMS for ENERGY LABORATORY

NANO-OPTOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY LABORATORY

Francesc Torres Miquel López-Suárez NiPS Lab, U.Perugia Italy Gabriel Abadal Warner Venstra TU-Delft The Netherlands Riccardo Rurali ICMAB Spain Luca Gammaitoni NiPS Lab, U.Perugia Italy