International Migration and International Migration and Development - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

International Migration and International Migration and Development in Asia and the Pacific: Development in Asia and the Pacific: Key Issues Key Issues and Recommendations for Action and Recommendations for Action

Sabine Henning Sabine Henning Population Division Population Division UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS

Workshop on Workshop on “ “Strengthening dialogue between ESCWA and ESCAP countries Strengthening dialogue between ESCWA and ESCAP countries

• n international migration and development
• n international migration and development”

” Beirut, Lebanon, 28 Beirut, Lebanon, 28-

• 30 June 2011

30 June 2011

Outline

• Migration levels and trends

Migration levels and trends

• Migration on the agenda of the United Nations

Migration on the agenda of the United Nations

• Capacity

Capacity-

• development

development

• Recommendations

Recommendations

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

107 25 214 156 128 82 86 73 84 14 50 100 150 200 250 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

The number of international migrants in the The number of international migrants in the world increased between 1990 and 2010 world increased between 1990 and 2010

World More developed regions Less developed regions

Millions

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

ESCAP ESCWA

Two Two-

• thirds of countries recorded an increase

thirds of countries recorded an increase in the number of international migrants in the number of international migrants from 1990 to 2010 from 1990 to 2010

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Increased Decreased

The number of international migrants in Asia The number of international migrants in Asia increased between 1990 and 2010 increased between 1990 and 2010

Source: United Nations, , Population Division/DESA, 2011

Number of migrants

(thousands)

Increment

(thousand)

Average annual growth 1990 2010 1990-2010 1990-2010

ASIA 50,876 61,324 10,448 0.9

Central Asia 6,628 4,970 1,658

• 1.4

Eastern Asia 4,484 6,485 2,002 1.8

South-Eastern Asia 3,060 6,715 3,654 3.9

Southern Asia 20,196 14,304

• 5,892
• 1.7

Western Asia 16,508 28,850 12,342 2.8 OCEANIA 4,365 6,015 1,650 1.6

Australia/New Zealand 4,105 5,674 1,569 1.6 Melanesia 91 111 19 1.0 Micronesia 111 151 40 1.5 Polynesia 58 79 21 1.5 Northern Africa 2,278 2,010

• 268
• 0.6

28 28 39 40 41 44 46 69 70 87 Saudi Arabia Oman China, Hong Kong, SAR Israel Singapore Occupied Palenstinian Territory Jordan Kuwait United Arab Emirates Qatar

International migrants account International migrants account for a large share of the total population for a large share of the total population in some Asian countries in some Asian countries

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

International migrants as a percentage of the total population, 2010

(among those countries with at least one million inhabitants in 2010)

… …as South as South-

• North migration

North migration (based on migrant stock data)

(based on migrant stock data)

South South-

• South migration is as common

South migration is as common … …

North 72.7 million 73.6 million North South South

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

55 million 12.6 million

2010 2010

14% 36% 55% 57% 58% 63% 86% 64% 45% 43% 42% 37% From Latin America and the Caribbean From Northern America From Africa From Asia From Oceania From Europe

Most international migration occurs Most international migration occurs within within major areas rather than major areas rather than between between major areas major areas

Migrant stock by major area of origin and major area of destination, 2010 (per cent) Within major area To a different major area

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Workers from Bangladesh Workers from Bangladesh migrate primarily to Western Asia migrate primarily to Western Asia

100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

Western Asia Libya Malaysia South-Eastern Asia Others

Source: Bangladesh, Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training, June 2011

Countries of destination of overseas employed workers from Bangladesh

Workers from the Philippines Workers from the Philippines migrate primarily Western Asia migrate primarily Western Asia

100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Western Asia Libya Malaysia South-Eastern/Eastern Asia Others

Countries of destination of deployed and land based overseas Filipino workers

Source: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration, June 2011

Countries of destination of Countries of destination of workers from Bangladesh workers from Bangladesh

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

Saudi Arabia UAE Bahrain Qatar Kuwait Oman Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Malaysia Singapore Lebanon Others

Source: Bangladesh, Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training, June 2011

Countries of destination of overseas employed workers from Bangladesh (per cent)

Countries of destination of Countries of destination of workers from the Philippines workers from the Philippines

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Saudi Arabia UAE Bahrain Qatar Kuwait Oman Libyan Arab Jamahirya Malaysia Japan Hong Kong Singapore Taiwan Others

Source: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration, June 2011

Countries of destination of deployed and land based overseas Filipino workers (per cent)

Asia hosts the largest number of refugees Asia hosts the largest number of refugees in the world, 2010 in the world, 2010

Oceania, 0.4% Northern America, 5.0% Latin America and the Caribbean, 3.2% Europe, 9.7% Asia, 66.5% Africa, 15.7%

Of the 16.3 million refugees worldwide in 2010 ...

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

In 2010, about half of all In 2010, about half of all international migrants in the world international migrants in the world were female were female

49.0% 51.0%

More developed regions

Female migrants Female migrants Male migrants Male migrants

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

48.5% 51.5% 45.3% 54.7%

World Less developed regions

50.9% 49.1% 36.2% 63.8%

ESCAP ESCWA

Women account for less than half Women account for less than half

• f all international migrants
• f all international migrants

in many countries in Asia in many countries in Asia

Female migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock, 2010

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

55 per cent or more 50 to 55 per cent Less than 50 per cent

13.9 18.5 20.8 25.8 27.4 30.0 30.1 31.1 32.9

Bangladesh Bhutan Oman Qatar United Arab Emirates Kuwait Saudi Arabia Iraq Bahrain

For example, in these Asian countries, For example, in these Asian countries, women account for less than 33 per cent women account for less than 33 per cent

• f all international migrants
• f all international migrants

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Female migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock, 2010

International migrants in Africa and Asia are relatively young …

Percentage of migrant stock under age 20, 2010

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

40 per cent or more 20 to 40 per cent Less than 20 per cent

… while they are older in Latin America and Europe

Percentage of migrant stock age 65 or over, 2010

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

20 per cent or more 10 to 20 per cent Less than 10 per cent

The young are underrepresented among The young are underrepresented among all international migrants in the world all international migrants in the world

Total population Migrant stock

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

10 5 5 10 0-4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64

10 5 5 10

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Males Females

% Males and females as a percentage of the total population and the international migrant stock, 2010

The male working The male working-

• age population is overrepresented

age population is overrepresented among international migrants in Asia among international migrants in Asia

Total population Migrant stock

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

10 5 5 10 0-4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 10 5 5 10

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Males Females

% Males and females as a percentage of the total population and the international migrant stock, 2010

The male working The male working-

• age population is overrepresented

age population is overrepresented among international migrants among international migrants in Western Asia in Western Asia

Total population Migrant stock

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

10 5 5 10 0-4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64

10 5 5 10

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Males Females

% Males and females as a percentage of the total population and the international migrant stock, 2010

In 2009, some US$ 417 billion In 2009, some US$ 417 billion were remitted worldwide were remitted worldwide

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010e

World

Source: The World Bank, 2011

Less developed regions ESCWA More developed regions ESCAP US$ billion

Within Asia, Southern and Eastern Asia Within Asia, Southern and Eastern Asia benefit the most from remittances benefit the most from remittances

Source: The World Bank, 2011

US$ billion

3.8 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.0 8.0 11.8 12.3 14.3 21.7 21.9 23.8 26.5 30.3 35.1

Egypt Yemen Sudan Georgia Vietnam Sri Lanka Bangladesh Philppines Jordan Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Nepal Samoa Tonga Tajikistan

In many Asian countries remittances In many Asian countries remittances account for a significant share of GDP account for a significant share of GDP

Source: World Bank, 2011

Countries in Asia where remittance inflows account for a large share of GDP, 2009 (per cent)

After many years of growth, remittances After many years of growth, remittances declined during the economic crisis, declined during the economic crisis, but have since been recovering but have since been recovering

• 10

10 20 30 2000- 2001 2001- 2002 2002- 2003 2003- 2004 2004- 2005 2005- 2006 2006- 2007 2007- 2008 2008- 2009 2009- 2010

World More developed regions Less developed regions ESCAP ESCWA

Source: The World Bank, 2011

Per cent

Annual per cent change in remittance flows

In 2009 In 2009-

• 2010 remittance flows

2010 remittance flows to all regions in Asia have been recovering to all regions in Asia have been recovering

Source: World Bank, 2010

Per cent change in remittance flows (2008-2009 versus 2009-2010)

• 30
• 20
• 10

10 20 30

Central Asia Melanesia Polynesia Northern Africa Western Asia Australia and New Zealand South-Eastern Asia Eastern Asia Southern Asia

2008-2009 2009-2010

Ratification of relevant international instruments continues, yet remains uneven between instruments

50 100 150 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Refugee Convention 1951 Refugee Protocol 1967 ILO Convention Migrant Workers 1975 UN Migrant Worker Convention 1990 Human Trafficking Protocol 2000 Migrant Smuggling Protocol 2000

Number of States Parties

Source: United Nations, 2011

Ratification of Ratification of relevant international relevant international instruments instruments also varies by region also varies by region

23%

94% 4% 86% 29% 79% 51%

75% 76% 66%

92% 60% 69% 68% 57% 21% 14% 13% 51% 45%

Refugee Convention 1951 UN Migrant Worker Convention 1990 Human Trafficking Protocol 2000 Migrant Smuggling Protocol 2000

World More developed regions Less developed regions ESCWA ESCAP

Source: United Nations, 2011

Percentage share of United Nations State Members and ESCAP and ESCWA Member States, 21 June 2011

Migration Migration-

• related activities and events

related activities and events at the international level over time at the international level over time

GCIM

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Migration Migration-

• related activities and events

related activities and events at the international level over time at the international level over time

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Informal Thematic Debate on Informal Thematic Debate on International Migration and Development International Migration and Development 19 May 2011 19 May 2011

Convened by the GA (A/RES/63/225) Panel 1: The contribution of migrants to development International migration contributes to development. But in order to reap the full benefits of migration the following are needed:

• Better policies and programmes to:
• Reduce transaction costs of remittances
• Promote return and circular migration
• Promote migrant entrepreneurship
• Protect the rights of all migrants
• Facilitate the integration of migrants into host societies
• A sound evidence base

Source: United Nations, 2011

Informal Thematic Debate on Informal Thematic Debate on International Migration and Development International Migration and Development 19 May 2011 19 May 2011

Panel 2: Improving international cooperation on migration and development Optimisation of migrant contributions requires cooperation at all levels

• At the bilateral and regional levels progress has been made in

strengthening cooperation

• The GFMD has successfully promoted dialogue, but it is still a

fragile process, with insufficient support from Member States

• The GMG has an important role to play in fostering better

coordination and supporting the activities of Member States (for example, collaboration between UNHCR and IOM to evacuate foreign workers from Libya)

Source: United Nations, 2011

The five steps to improve migration data in the long term, with existing institutions and at low cost are …

A

• Ask basic census questions – country of birth, citizenship,

previous residence by age and sex – and tabulate and disseminate the answers

• Make better use of existing administrative data sources
• Compile existing data from surveys
• Provide access to micro data
• Build capacity to collect and disseminate data

M C P B

Source: Centre for Global Development, 2009; based on the Report of the Commission on International Development Research and Policy

Global Migration Database

• Repository of international

migrant stock data by country of birth, citizenship, sex and age

• >230 countries/territories

since 1960s

• Censuses, registers, surveys
• > 2.7 million records
• >600 subscribers
• UNSD, UNICEF, UNDP-

SU/SSC, WB www.unmigration.org

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Asia is lagging behind regarding data on the Asia is lagging behind regarding data on the total international migrant stock total international migrant stock

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Major area 1985-1994 1995-2004 2005-2014

Africa 62 69 22

Asia 74 87 42

Europe 96 99 85 Latin America and the Caribbean 85 95 9 Northern America 100 100 100

Oceania 100 100 95

World 86 93 68

Coverage based on migrant stock (per cent)

Asia is lagging behind regarding data on the Asia is lagging behind regarding data on the total international migrant stock by age total international migrant stock by age

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Major area 1985-1994 1995-2004 2005-2014

Africa 53 50 8

Asia 41 59 37

Europe 53 99 69 Latin America and the Caribbean 85 89 9 Northern America 100 100 100

Oceania 98 99 79

World 59 85 67

Coverage based on migrant stock (per cent)

Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusion and Recommendation

International migration is a critical issue of our time, today, possibly, more so than ever

Evidence Engagement Cooperation Capacity-building

Thank you! Thank you!

www.unmigration.org www.unmigration.org www.unpopulation.org www.unpopulation.org