Interm Meeting of the Regional Experts Advisory Working Group - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Interm Meeting of the Regional Experts Advisory Working Group (REAWG) on Wine Prof. Dr Vesna Mara, Director of Development Sector MSc Jovana Raievi, Project manager in Development Sector Culture of grapevine growing in Montenegro
MSc Jovana Raičević, Project manager in Development Sector
form the pre-roman period. At the time of the Illyrian state in today’s Montenegro, vines are grown on the coast of Skadar lake.
Romans, who have left numerous inscriptions about varieties and modes of cultivation of vineyards.
Rijeka Crnojevića to monastery in Cetinje.
testaments and vineyards in the area of Tivat, Kotor
began during the reign of King Nikola (1860- 1918)
each groom had to prove that before the marriage - if it was from one of the viticultural areas of Montenegro, and according to his possessions planted from 100 to 1 000 vines
first regulations in the production of wine were established
(Godinje-Crmnica, 1911) was opened and the foundations for modern viticulture and wine production in Montenegro are set.
vineyards
characterized by the further development of viticulture
Awards for quality
Crmnica’s wines in that period:
exibition
wines from Balcan countries, in London - the first award;
exibition
wines in Belgrade - among six best wines in country.
The realization of the project „Ćemovsko field" (1977-1982) was a turning point in the further development of Montenegrin viticulture and wine production.
Within the project "Ćemovsko polje" (1977-1982), Montenegro has got 1500 ha of vineyards, as well as a modern wine cellar with a capacity of 2000 wagons
"13. Jul Plantaže "a.d. - the biggest producer of grapes and wines in Montenegro The largest vineyard in Europe in one complex with a surface of 2310 ha
"Lješkopolje" and "Šipčanik" with a production capacity of 30 million liters of wine
„13. jul Plantaže "a.d. - the largest grape and wine producer
wine production
9001, ISO 14001, ISO 22000 and HACCP)
standard quality
world, with sales of around 14.5 million bottles - about 60% of total annual production
wine evaluations – with over than 1000 international and domestic awards
gold and silver medals at international trade fairs, such as Decanter World Wine Awards London, Decanter Asia, AWC Vienna, BIWC Bulgaria, Mondus Vini Germany, Vino Ljubljana.
Wine exporting countries of Plantaže
The company „13. jul Plantaže“ has recognized the importance of science and scientific research for the development of innovation and competitiveness, and represents a positive example of linking science and the economy and includes all relevant entities for the development of the sector in the country.
It is well known that the grape variety is related to territory, history and tradition. All this contributes to the emphasing of autochthonous and the importance
terroir in the manifestation of its best characteristics. In this way, the national product becomes a powerful marketing tool because it represents the value of origin, tradition, history, hard work, care and knowledge.
GENETIC IDENTIFICATION In period (2004-2008) in cooperation with Italian partners (Instituto Sperimentale per la Viticultura-Susegana-Conegliano (TV) was done the identification of Montenegrin autochthonous grape varieties.
and Žižak. Analyzes have shown that the variety Kratošija has the same genetic profile as Zinfandel from California, Primitivo from Italy and Crljenak Kaštelanski from Croatia, which confirmed the thesis of academician M. Ulićević (1959, 1966) that this is the same variety. The research also confirmed that the Vranac variety in close genetic relation (parent-offspring) with the Kratošija variety. Antonio Calò, Angelo Costacurta, Vesna Maraš, Stefano Meneghett and Manna Crespan (2008): Molecular Correlation of Zinfandel (Primitivo) with Austrian, Croatian, and Hungarian Cultivars and Kratosija, an Additional Synonym American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, Am. J.
The
written document that points to the importance of cultivating vines and wine production on the territory of Montenegro is the medieval Budva’s statute from 1426-1431 (written in Italian) Head CCLXI
vineyards indicates the importance of grape and wine production, as well as the significance of the variety Kratošija for viticulture and winemaking of Montenegro in this period. The Budva Statute contains 20 heads dedicated to viticulture, grape and wine; Chapter 261 – Kratošija’s vineyards
with all its biotypes, was cultivated in Montenegro for centuries. Bearing in mind its presence in the past in all viticultural areas of Montenegro, the variability of its population, the existence of 17 biotypes, a close genetic relation with Vranac, and its presence in all vineyard regions of Montenegro, indicate that Montenegro can be considered as a country of origin of this variety and the starting point of spread this variety to other countries of the region.
REALIZED PROJECTS:
autochthonous vine varieties in Eastern European countries'’
free material of endangered grapevine cultivars in Croatia and Montenegro'' ERA 91/04
within the mentioned projects, Montenegro is the first time in 2012. presented its autochthonous varieties and officially joined the EU Vitis database.
Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding) (2012-2014)
genetic resources in Europe – InWiGrape project (2016)
Vitis Database – GrapeOnFarm (2017)
and Wine (ICVV) in La Rioja, Spain (2013 - 2017) The company "13. jul Plantaže“ (Development Sector) in 2011, the Ministry of Science received a license for performing scientific - research activities in the field of agricultural science and participated in numerous international projects related to grapevine characterization and identification.
Project: "Genetic diversity of grapevine in Montenegro“ 2013-2017
varieties continued through the cooperation with Spanish Institute for grapevine and wine from La Rioja (ICVV).
Agriculture and Ministry of Science, National Association of winegrowers and winemakers
Montenegro.
localties from all Montenegrin viticulture regions, both cultivated and wild (Vitis sylverstris).
related varieties
Montenegrin viticulture
genotypes were not found in any database.
The one of results of work on characterisation of grapevine germplasm is the formation of National Collection of autochthonous grapevine varieties, on Ćemovsko field. The Collection is planted with confirmed genotypes of autochthonous, neglected and indigenous grapevine varieties in Montenegro. The formation of the collection began in 2016. So far, a total of 160 have been planted, it will be continuously planted.
“The First International Conference on Vranac and other autochthonous montenegrin grapevine varieties” 20. -
Organizer: ’’13. Jul Plantaže’’ Co-organizers: Montenegrin Academy
Science and Ministry of agriculture and rural development.
Conference was included 4 sections: Genetic diversity of grapevines – Understanding of Montenegrin varieties Grapevine varieties in viticulture regions Grapevine varieties of Balcan peninsula Characteristics and quality of grapes and wines of Vranac variety
It was held 28 presentation from participants from 17 countries: Spain, Italy, France, Canada, Germany, Belgium, Slovenia, Switzerland, Great Britain, Georgia, Greece, Albania, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro.
Old grape varieties characteristic is that they show heterogeneity in term of manifesting its features, that gradually lead to variety degradation and to the occurence of a series of biotypes with noticeable differences within population, this is observed within our authochthonous grape varieties. In order to increase the grape production and improve the agrobiological, technological and economic characteristics of a variety
grapevines, beside hybridization, in the world is increasingly being used the method of individual selection or clonal selection.
Clonal selection of autochthonous grape varieties in Montenegro
Recognized clones of grapevine variety VRANAC – 2014 In 2019 in Cemovsko polje 55 ha of vineyards will be planted with clonal material
Implented legal regulations EU (CR (EC), No. 407/2009; R (EU), No. 1308/2013; R (EU), No. 251/2014) / OIV (Resolution OIV-VITI 423-2012) Study implemented by Centro di Ricerca Sperimentazione e Formazicone in Agricoltura „Basile Caramia“, Locorotondo (Bari, Italy)
Study developed within the Europe Aid / 136071 / DH / SER / ME project financed by the European Union
Montenegrin viticulture regions were explored:
(sub regions: Podgorički, Crmnički, Riječki, Bjeloplavićki, Katunski, Kučki and Piperski)
(sub regions: Bokokotorski, Budvansko-Barski, Ulcinjski, jadransko zaleđe)
(sub regions: Nikšićki, Bjelopoljski, Šćepan polje i Dragaljsko polje)
* Source: "Study of the zoning viticultural geographic production area of Montenegro" (2017)
2561.33 ha – Total vineyard surface ( Plantaže – 90 %, Private – 10%) 501 - Registered producer 0.3 ha – The average area of the vineyard (excluding the area of the company „13. jul Plantaže“)
Montenegrin coast and Nudo – 19.33 ha (3%) Montenegrin Basin of Skadar Lake – 2542 ha (97%)
Table grape varieties – 7,89 % White grape varieties – 23,11%
Black grape varieties – 69,01%
* Source: "Study of the zoning viticultural geographic production area of Montenegro" (2017)
* Source: "Study of the zoning viticultural geographic production area of Montenegro" (2017)
Foreign/internation al varieties – 13,75% Autochthon
varieties – 86,25%
Current legislation acts on wine in Montenegro The Low on Wine (Official Gazzete of the MNE, No 41/2016) The By – Low on oenological practices for the production of wine and other products originated by grapes (Official Gazzete of the MNE, No 10/2017) The By – Low on the content and manner of keeping the Vineyards register (Official Gazzete of the MNE, No 63/2016) The By – Low on quality, labeling packaging and presentations of wine and
92/2017) The By – Low on the manner of keeping the Register of PDOs and PGIs of wine and other products originated by grapes (Official Gazzete of the MNE, No 22/2018)
EU requirements related with Vineyards register and Compulsory declarations are regulated by mentioned legislation. Grape producers have obligation to send data about vineyards but the system of GPS measuring is not set up yet. Compulsory declarations (harvest declarations, production declarations and stock declarations) are regulated by mentioned legislation but in this moment there is no electronic system but it is planned to be implemented. In line with mentioned Low on wine all wines before the market have be quality tested which include: physical – chemical analyzing (in line with Standard 17025), sensorial testing and determination Gls. Oenological practices are regulated in line with EU/OIV ligislation, and only the newest oenological practices are not updated in legislation of Montenegro. There are two designated laboratories for the analysis report of VI-1 documents: Biotechnical faculty Center for Ecotoxicological Researches of Montenegro
New zoning of viticulture growing areas in Montenegro creates base for implementatiom of georaphical indication system of wines. Geographical indication system in Montenegro is harmonized with EU PDO/PGI system. Association of grape and wine producers of Podgorica subregion was organized in 2018. The documentation for the wines designation of origin (PDO) is transmitted to the Ministry of Agriculture and is being processed.