Application & Performance of Interlocking Concrete Pavers (ICP) IR ANITA BT MOHAMED SHAFIE Jurutera Awam Penguasa Kanan Cawangan Kejuruteraan Awam & Struktur
Table of Content 01 Application of Interlocking Concrete Pavers Performance of Interlocking 02 Parlimen Malaysia Concrete Pavers
Application of ICP Tasik Kenyir
Application of ICP Why ICP? Replaceable/ Reusable Easy to lay Aesthetics Less Maintenance Immediate Use Skid & Algae Resistance Easy to access Durable
Application of ICP Where? Patios Containers/Bus Terminal Footpaths/Walkways Ports/Dock Yards Roadways Airport Apron Gardens/Parks Yards Parking Areas and etc.
Application of ICP Non-traffic • Gardens • Footpaths • Bicycle Track • Jogging Track • Pool Deck • Patios and etc. Legoland, Johor Sunway Montana, KL
Application of ICP Light Traffic • Housing driveway • Assembly area • Plaza • Buggy track • Boulevard and etc. Ara Damansara, Selangor Pusat Sains, Terengganu
Application of ICP Medium Traffic • Driveways • Dropoff area • Temporary access • Roundabouts • Junctions Jasper Square, Selangor • Back lane and etc. Langkawi Port, Kedah
Application of ICP Heavy Duty • Airport apron • Driveways • Ports • Industrial and etc. Westport, Selangor Subang Maritime, Selangor
Performance of ICP Langkawi Port
Performance of ICP Compressive Strength: 45 MPa Heavy Duty Thickness: 80 or 100 mm Compressive Strength: 45 MPa Medium Traffic Thickness: Z60 or 80 mm Compressive Strength: 30 MPa Light Traffic Thickness: 60 mm Taman Impian Emas, Johor Compressive Strength: 30 MPa Non-traffic Thickness: 60 mm
Performance of ICP Laying Pattern of ICP • Traffic area : herringbone bond Herringbone Bond 45° Herringbone Bond 90° • Pedestrian and light traffic area : stretcher bond Stretcher Bond • Non traffic : basket weave Basket Weave Bond
Performance of ICP Case study: Jalan Connaught Underpass (DBKL) • Road Pavement Material Previously : Asphalt Currently : ICP • Issue : Rutting and stripping of asphalt leads to potholes due to heavy traffic and overflow water from above highway further weakens the asphalt material over the time. Repetitive repair works are required. • Solution : Replace asphalt with ICP, tremendously reduced the frequency of pothole maintenance.
Performance of ICP Case study: Jalan Bukit Angin (Temerloh) • Road Pavement Material Previously : Asphalt Currently : ICP • Issue : Rutting and stripping of asphalt due to tyre forces pushing the asphalt thus, weakens the pavement and requires repetitive patching works. • Solution : Replace asphalt with ICP, reduce the frequency of patching up maintenance and have lesser rutting issue.
Performance of ICP Case study: Westport & Pelabuhan Tanjung Pelepas (PTP) • Road Pavement Material Previously : Asphalt/ Concrete Currently : ICP • Issue : Rutting of asphalt and potholes due to daily heavy traffic (min. 20 tonnes cargo) or concrete slab need days to be repaired before can be re-opened for traffic. Repetitive repair works are required. • Solution : Replaced with ICP, reduces the frequency resurfacing and can open to traffic immediately, thus reduce maintenance cost and time loss.
Performance of ICP Case study: Jalan Maran – Temerloh • Road Pavement Material Previously : Asphalt Currently : ICP • Issue : Vehicles not slowing down when approaching school zone area (30km/h). Speed hump not allowed on federal roads and is in front of a school. Road heading towards the school is downhill, add speed to the vehicles. • Solution : Replace asphalt with ICP, reduce the frequency of pothole patching and resurfacing. Also helps in reducing vehicle speed by up to 10km/h, approaching school zone.
Performance of ICP Case study: Subang Jaya • Road Pavement Material Previously : Asphalt Currently : ICP • Issue : Rutting of asphalt and potholes due to daily heavy traffic shorten the lifespan of the asphalt. Requires resurfacing frequently. • Solution : Replace asphalt with ICP, reduce the frequency of pothole patching and resurfacing leads to cost saving.
Permeable ICP Canary Garden
Permeable ICP Properties Fine Finish (Porosity 10 to 12%) (150Ltrs/m 2 /min) Rough Finish (Porosity 15 to 17%) (300Ltrs/m 2 /min) Normal Interlocking Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers Concrete Pavers
Performance of Permeable ICP Case study: Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) • Pavement Material Previously : Concrete (before 2012) Currently : ICP (since 2012) • Issue : Water ponding later water basin during heavy rain as surface runoff from Jalan Masjid & Jalan Utama Hospital flowed into this area (lower). • Solution : Redo the ground with subsoil pipe and laid with Permeable ICP, no more water basin since then.
Performance of Permeable ICP Case study: Monash University Malaysia Campus • Pavement Material Previously : Asphalt (before 2018) Currently : ICP (since 2018) • Issue : Water ponding at the staff parking area during heavy rain. • Solution : Redo the ground with subsoil pipe and laid with Permeable ICP and grass ICP, no more water ponding issue since then and added improved the landscape.
Performance of Permeable ICP Case study: Paradigm Mall JB • Pavement Material Proposed : Concrete cover Adopted : Permeable ICP • Issue : Product that can act as drain cover and allow water to flow through, blend in with surrounding pavement, and doesn’t pose hazard/risk to visitor walking over. • Solution : Permeable ICP, blend with the surrounding pavement design and doesn’t have huge gaps.
Road Marking & Delineation ICP Langkawi Port
Road Marking & Delineation ICP • Add aesthetic to the pavement • Glass beads is mixed with the concrete, will not scrape easily from its layer of 10mm thick • ICP compressive strength of 30 or 45 MPa • Reflective Index = 100mcd/m 2 /lx Parlimen Malaysia Westport Jalan Maran - Temerloh
Durability Tests of ICP Langkawi Port
Durability Test of ICP Compressive Strength • Is to determine how much load an ICP can withstand. 𝐷 = 𝑋 5 𝐵 × 𝐵 𝐼 + 1.87 C = Compressive strength (MPa) W = Total load specimen fails (N) A = Gross plan area (mm 2 ) H = Height of specimen (mm)
Durability Test of ICP Compressive Strength 𝐷 = 𝑋 5 𝐷 = 𝑋 5 𝐵 × 𝐵 × 𝐵 𝐵 𝐼 + 1.87 𝐼 + 1.87 𝐷 = 2 167 100 5 C = Compressive strength (MPa) × 2 167 100 W = Total load specimen fails (N) 40 000 40 000 𝐷 = + 1.87 A = Gross plan area (mm 2 ) (200 × 200) 80 H = Height of specimen (mm) 𝐷 = 54.2 𝑂/𝑛𝑛 2 (MPa) 𝐷 = 62.0 𝑂/𝑛𝑛 2 (MPa)
Durability Test of ICP Abrasion Resistance • Is to determine wearing down of the surface layer. • Using Wide Wheel Abrasion test Requirement Class Marking Measured in accordance with the test method described using wide wheel abrasion test 1 F No performance measured ≤ 23 mm 3 H ≤ 20 mm 4 I Before After
Durability Test of ICP Abrasion Resistance V = AB + (20.0 – CD) V = Value (mm) AB = distance between A to B (mm) CD = distance between C to D (mm) V = 20.9 + (20.0 – 20.4) V = 20.9 + (-0.4) V = 20.5 (rounded) V = 21.0mm (≤ 23.0mm)
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