COLD WEATHER CONCRETE-ROCK INTERFACE RESEARCH PROJECT CENE 486C Presentation Technical Advisor & Client: Dr. Chun-Hsing Ho Strong-Crete: Mitch Geier Instructor: Kenya Avina Dr. Wilbert Odem Joshua Barger 1
Geier, 2 Figure 1: Concrete tunnel cross-section [1]
Create a Modified Representation of Tunnel Lining Rock Type: Flagstone • Conventional Concrete • Modification: Admixture and Fiber • Reinforcement Analyze the Effect of Cold Weather at the Interface Modified Freeze-Thaw Cycles • Figure 2: Concrete tunnel cross-section [2] Cause Fracture at the Seam • Share Findings Based on Observations and Analytical Data Geier, 3
Studies the Deterioration of Concrete Due to Moisture and Freezing Temperatures [3] Freezing and Thawing is the Most Common • Deteriorating Factor Research Shows That Admixtures Can Improve Resistance Concrete Subjected to Cold Weather [4] Most Common Point of Failure Occurs at Excavated Surface Figure 3: Cracking due to freezing and thawing over time [5] Geier, 4
Creation of Concrete-Rock Block Specimens Constants: Concrete Design Mix • Variable: Rock Surface • Cold-Weather Simulation 300 Modified Freeze-Thaw Cycles • Strength Testing Modified Direct Compression • Figure 4: Freeze-thaw machine at coldest Modified Splitting Tensile • point in cycle [6] Geier, 5
Rough - Saw cuts at ¼" Semi-rough - Saw cuts at ½" Smooth - No cuts Figure 5: Flagstone surfaces: rough (left), semi-rough Figure 6: Model of Specimen Design [8] (middle), smooth (right) [7] Avina, 6
Concrete Design Mix • ASTM C116 – Direct Compression • Figure 7: Specimens for preliminary testing, original design mix (farthest left), modification improvements (left to right) [9] Avina, 7
• QUIKRETE Commercial grade blend • ~ 20 -30% Cement [11] • • Water Water/ Cement Ratio: 0.48 • • AKKRO-7T Liquid bonding admixture [12] • • FIBERMESH 150 Concrete reinforcement [13] • Figure 8: Design mix proportions [10] Avina, 8
4 Day Curing Sample: 3.6 KSI Failure • 7 Day Curing Sample: 4.4 KSI Failure • Figure 9: Compressive curing strength by percent [25] Figure 10: 7 day cure compression failure [14] Avina, 9
Modified ASTM C666 Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing Temperature 4 to -18 ⁰ C • Total of 300 Cycles • Figures 11: Specimens undergoing freeze - thaw cycles [15] Barger, 10
Modified ASTM C496 Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens Testing Performed at 50-Cycle Intervals • Figure 14: Illustration of the load Figure 15: Specimen, before test, with placed distribution throughout the specimen [16] extensometers on each side [17] Barger, 11
Figure 17: Stress vs strain data points of interface tension failure [19] Figure 16: Specimen tensile failure [18] Barger, 12
Smooth 0.25 KSI • Semi-rough 0.24 KSI • Rough 0.18 KSI • Figure 18: The failed interfaces of the smooth, semi-rough, and rough specimen interfaces [20] Barger, 13
Table 2: Actual material costs Table 1: Predicted material costs Geier, 14
Table 3: Preliminary staffing costs Table 4: Actual staffing costs Geier, 15
Figure 19: Gantt chart schedule with delays [21] Avina, 16
Continued by Dr. Ho & a Volunteer Grad Student Goals: 300 cycles (one year) Tests • Publish Findings in an Academic • Paper Figure 22: Cold Region magazine cover [15] Figure 23: Freeze-thaw machine cycling [16] Avina, 18
Economics Reduction Cost in repairs • Transportation of goods • Social Share analytical data for future • research Accessibility of Nearby Cities • Linking two cultures • Environmental Figure 20: Chenani-Nashri tunnel connecting between Jammu and Srinagar [24] Less carbon emissions • Reduces fuel usage • Barger, 17
"C ITE A W EBSITE - C ITE T HIS F OR M E ", I. PINIMG . COM , 2017. [O NLINE ]. A VAILABLE : HTTPS :// I . PINIMG . COM /736 X /98/ F 0/90/98 F 090 CC 512234475764 C 5 DF 00 A 526 C 8-- SNOW - MOUNTAIN - MOUNTAIN - RANGE . JPG . [A CCESSED : 18- N OV - 2017]. [3] K UOSA , H., F ERREIRA M., L EIVO M., "F REEZE -T HAW T ESTING ," VTT. [O NLINE ]. A VAILABLE : HTTP :// WWW . VTT . FI / INF / JULKAISUT / MUUT /2012/VTT-R-07364- 12. PDF [4] C. K. N MAI , “C OLD W EATHER C ONCRETING A DMIXTURES ,” M ASTER B UILDER ’ S I NC ., 23700 C HAGRIN B LVD ., C LEVELAND , OH, 199 [5] B LOXIMAGES . CHICAGO 2. VIP . TOWNNEWS . COM . (2017). C ITE A W EBSITE - C ITE T HIS F OR M E . [ ONLINE ] A VAILABLE AT : HTTPS :// BLOXIMAGES . CHICAGO 2. VIP . TOWNNEWS . COM / TRIBDEM . COM / CONTENT / TNCMS / ASSETS / V 3/ EDITORIAL /5/3 A /53 A 71 CCA -9 B 92-11 E 4-85 DB - B 3047 FDF 3344/54 B 5 CFD 946382. IMAGE . JPG [A CCESSED 18 N OV . 2017]. [6] B ARGER , J OSHUA . (2017). F REEZE -T HAW M ACHINE . [I MAGE ]. [7] B ARGER , J OSHUA . (2017). S ANDSTONE S URFACE . [I MAGE ]. [8] G EIER , M ITCHELL . (2017). S PECIMEN M ODEL . [I MAGE ]. [9] B ARGER , J OSHUA . (2017). S AMPLE T RIALS . [I MAGE ]. [10] A VINA , K ENYA . (2017). C ONCRETE DESIGN MIX P ROPORTIONS . [I MAGE ]. [11] QUIKRETE, “P ORTLAND C EMENT B ASED C ONCRETE PRODUCTS ,” GHS SAFETY DATASHEET , [R EVISED J AN . 2016]. [12] PROPEX, “FIBERMESH 150F S YNTHETIC F IBER ,” PCS -1145E-002 DATASHEET , [R EVISED MAR. 2017]. [13] EUCLID CHEMICAL, “AKKRO -7T A CRYLIC L ATEX L IQUID B ONDING A DMIXTURE ,” AKKRO -7T DATASHEET , [R EVISED MAR. 2017]. [14] B ARGER , J OSHUA . (2017). C OMPRESSION F AILURE . [I MAGE ]. [15] B ARGER , J OSHUA . (2017). S PECIMENS IN F REEZE -T HAW M ACHINE . [I MAGE ]. [16] A VINA , K ENYA . (2017). L OAD I LLUSTRATION . [I MAGE ]. [17] A VINA , K ENYA . (2017).S PECIMEN P RIOR TO S PLIT T EST . [I MAGE ]. [18] B ARGER , J OSHUA . (2017). S PECIMEN A FTER TO S PLIT T EST . [I MAGE ]. [19] A VINA , K ENYA . (2017). S TRESS V S . S TRAIN . [G RAPH ]. [20] B ARGER , J OSHUA . (2017). I NTERFACE F AILURES . [I MAGE ]. [21] A VINA , K ENYA . (2017). G ANTT C HART . [G ANTT C HART ]. [22] "J OURNAL OF C OLD R EGIONS E NGINEERING | ASCE L IBRARY ", A SCELIBRARY . ORG , 2017. [O NLINE ]. A VAILABLE : HTTP :// ASCELIBRARY . ORG / JOURNAL / JCRGEI . [A CCESSED : 16- N OV - 2017]. [23] B ARGER , J OSHUA . (2017). T HAWED S PECIMENS . [I MAGE ]. [24] K HAJURIA , R., “PM I NAGURATES I NAUGURATES I NDIA ’ S L ONGEST T UNNEL IN J-K: H ERE ARE 10 F ACTS A BOUT C HENANI -N ASHRI ”. [O NLINE ]. A VAILABLE : HTTP :// WWW . HINDUSTANTIMES . COM / INDIA - NEWS / MODI - TO - INAUGURATE - INDIA - S - LONGEST - TUNNEL -10- FACTS - ABOUT - THE - ENGINEERING - MARVEL / STORY -Y W LJX WK DDV TC 79 O JE GV Y M O. HTML [25] C E . MEMPHIS . EDU . (2017). C ITE A W EBSITE - C ITE T HIS F OR M E . [ ONLINE ] A VAILABLE AT : HTTP :// WWW . CE . MEMPHIS . EDU /1101/ NOTES / CONCRETE / GRAPHICS / CONC 3. GIF [A CCESSED 17 N OV . 2017]. 19
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