Indoor Lighting Controls California Statewide Utility Codes and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program

4/27/2010

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Lighting Stakeholder Meeting

Indoor Lighting Controls

Heschong Mahone Group, Inc. Clanton & Associates, Inc. Integrated Lighting Concepts, Inc. M.Neils Engineering February 24, 2011

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Indoor Lighting Controls

• Summary of Code Change Proposals
• Cost Savings Results/Summary
• Summary of Cost Effectiveness
• Specifics of Code Change Proposals

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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

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Summary of Code Change Proposals

• New Power Adjustment Factors for open office lighting

controlled by occupancy sensors.

• Reduction in office lighting power densities.
• New requirement for manual (timer) switch in primary

sidelit daylit zones <250sf.

Workstations per occupancy sensor 1 2 4

• Approx. area per occupancy sensor

(ft²) 125 250 500 Calculated lighting energy savings 52% 40% 23% PAFs (tuned down from savings) 0.40 0.30 0.20

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Energy Savings Results—Manual Switch

• Prediction of manual switching behavior from Hunt (1979, 1980).

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To calculate savings, we took the average daily lighting energy use profile for “all commercial space” from CEUS (Itron 2005) and subtracted out manual switching prediction and “night lighting”.

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Costs—Manual Switch

• The total cost of the measure for a typical space

is $82.85. This includes:

• $40 for a timer switch
• $19.50 labor to install timer switch
• $23.35 to add 30’ of wire to supply the switch
• Costs are based on RS Means’ costs for new

construction

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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

• The average savings is 17% of the installed load, or 1.05

kWh/sf/yr at 1.0 W/sf. This is equal to TDV $3.11/sf over the 15-year measure life.

• Therefore, for a 100sf private office, the measure would

save approximately TDV $311 over its life.

• The measure is cost-effective with a B:C ratio of 3.8.

Cost Effectiveness Results—manual switch

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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

• The measure is cost-effective for all control group sizes.
• 1 Workstation B:C ratio=1.3
• 2 Workstations B:C ratio=1.9
• 4 Workstations B:C ratio=2.6

Cost Effectiveness Results—occ sensors

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Control Group Size # workstations Occupancy Sensor ($) Labor ($) Total Cost of Measure ($) Area covered by

• ccupancy

sensor (sf) TDV of Savings from PAF, per sf TDV of Savings from PAF, per sensor 1 $49.91 $66.22 $116.13 125 $1.21 $151.47 2 $49.91 $66.22 $116.13 250 $0.89 $223.65 4 $49.91 $66.22 $116.13 500 $0.59 $296.39

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Energy Savings Results—LPD Reduction

• LPD Calculations based on large office and small office models

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Lighting Power Density (W/sf) Maintained illuminance on desk surface (fc) System efficacy (W/sf per maintained footcandle) LPD at 40 fc (W/sf) Typical office fixtures, recessed 0.87 43.9 0.0198 0.79 Typical office fixtures, suspended 0.9 42.2 0.0213 0.85 Task Ambient (Recessed Overhead + LED Task) 0.51 + 0.13 40 0.0128(1) 0.51 Task Ambient (Suspended Overhead + LED Task) 0.75 + 0.13 41.1 0.0182(1) 0.73 High Efficiency Recessed 0.52 40.5 0.0128 0.51 High Efficiency Suspended 0.68 42.7 0.0159 0.64 (1). These values are calculated using only the wattage of the ambient (overhead) luminaires, not the task luminaires, since the task luminaire power is exempt from the calculation of actual lighting power density in Title 24 Section 146.

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Energy Savings Results—LPD Reduction

• All six options achieve less than the proposed LPD except the

“typical” suspended fixture

• This fixture type can achieve 38fc at 0.8 W/sf in the prototype space.
• “Real” illuminances depend on space geometry, surface reflectances, and

luminaire reflector/diffuser options. In practice these factors can be optimized to achieve the required illuminance levels and uniformity.

• Another option for designers who want to make use of higher

lighting power densities is to take advantage of power adjustment factors (PAFs), which include:

• Manual Dimming
• Demand Response
• Proposed additional PAFs for occupancy sensors
• PG&E’s field studies on Task-Ambient lighting (PG&E 2009a,

2009b) found that task lighting using conventional (fluorescent) lighting may require up to 0.3 W/sf

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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Energy Savings Results—LPD Reduction

• Proposed change to Complete Building LPD for offices
• Areas based on DEER (Itron 2005, see CASE report)
• The Complete Building Method provides designers with an easier

compliance path in return for a slightly lower lighting power density than is allowed under Area Category

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Area Type Area (ft²) % Area 2008 Area Category LPD (W/ft²) Proposed 2013 Area Category LPD (W/ft²) Conference Room 7,000 4% 1.2 1.2 Copy Room 3,500 2% 0.6 0.6 Corridor 17,500 10% 0.6 0.6 Lobby 8,750 5% 1.1 1.1 Mechanical/Electrical 7,000 4% 0.7 0.7 Private Office 43,750 25% 1.1 1.1 Open Office 78,750 45% 0.9 0.8 Restrooms 8,750 5% 0.6 0.6 Total/Area-weighted building-level LPD 175,000 100% 0.913 0.86

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Specifics of Code Change Proposals

• Change to Table 146-F Area Category Method - Lighting

Power Density Values

• Change to Table 146-E Complete Building Method

Lighting Power Density Values

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Offices > 250 square feet 0.9 0.8 ≤ 250 square feet 1.1 1.0 Office buildings 0.85 0.8

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Specifics of Code Change Proposals

• Change to Table 146-C Lighting Power

Adjustment Factors

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Occupancy Sensors In open plan offices > 250 ft². Sensor is shielded/tuned to cover only workstation area. At least one occupancy sensor per 1 to 125 ft² 0.4 At least one occupancy sensor per 126 to 250 ft² 0.3 At least one occupancy sensor per 251 to 500 ft² 0.2

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Indoor Lighting Controls

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Specifics of Code Change Proposals

• Addition to Section 131(c) 2

2. Luminaires providing general lighting that are in or are partially in the skylit daylight area and/or the primary sidelit daylight area and which are not controlled by an automatic daylighting control device shall be controlled as follows:

• A. Primary sidelit and skylit daylight areas shall have at least one manually actuated

lighting control that: i. Controls at least 50 percent of the general lighting power in the primary sidelit and skylit daylight areas separately from other lighting in the enclosed space.

ii.

Controls luminaires in primary sidelit areas separately from skylit areas.

iii.

Is located within the primary sidelit or skylit area

iv.

Requires manual actuation at least once every four hours to maintain the lighting in the energized state.

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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

Indoor Lighting Controls

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QUESTIONS & COMMENTS

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