INDIAN POWER SECTOR AN OVERVIEW P. ESTHER KAMALA DIRECTOR(IRP) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

INDIAN POWER SECTOR AN OVERVIEW

• P. ESTHER KAMALA

DIRECTOR(IRP) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

Structure of Indian Electricity Sector

Peculiarities of Regional Grids in India

SO SOUTH THERN ERN REG REGION ION WES WESTE TERN RN REG REGION ION

EA EASTER STERN N REGI EGION ON

NORTH THERN ERN REG REGION ION

NORTH- EASTERN REGION

REGIONAL GRIDS

Defic icit it Regio ion Snow

• w fed

ed – run-of

• f –the

he –riv iver er hydr dro Highly hly weat athe her r sens nsitiv itive load ad Adver erse e weat athe her r cond ndit itio ions ns: Fog g & Dust Storm

• rm

Very ry low load ad High h hydro dro pot

• ten

entia ial Evac acuat uatio ion n proble

• blems

Indus ndustrial ial load ad and d agri ricultura ultural l load ad Low load ad High h coal

• al res

eser erves Pit head ead base load ad plant ants High h load ad (40% 0% agri ricultur ultural al load) ad) Mons nsoon

• on depen

pende dent nt hydro dro

CHICKEN-NECK

En Ener ergy gy Re Resou source rce Ma Map

• Hydro

potential in NER and upper part of NR

• Coal reserves mainly in

ER

(Source CWET, Chennai)

WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY RESOURCE MAP OF INDIA

WIND POTENTIAL 103 GW SOLAR POTENTIAL 749 GW

14,497 236

112 144

314

35071

93 5685

91

13593 837 2,931

56 16 1,384 5,050

98

14,152

1,260 534

22 120

38,440 8,650 13,760 11,200 18,2 70

880

35,770

4,560

33,840

1,11,050

24,700

6,110 61,660

5,961

64,320 10,630 5,860 9,090 7,290

25,780

2,810

1,42,310

4,940 17,670 20,410 2,080 22,830 16,800

6,260

2,050

OTHER--790

TOTAL---7,48,991

Renewable Energy Potential in India(source:MNRE)

Dimension Numbers Area Footprint 3.2 Million Km2 Population Served > 1.3 Billion Peak Demand Met (2018-19) 175.5 GW Annual Energy Met (2018-19) 1267.5 BU Installed Capacity as on 31.07.2019 360 GW Renewable Energy Capacity 79 GW HVDC Transmission 15,556 CKm Transmission Network (EHV &HVDC) as on 31.03.2019 681611 CKm Inter-Regional Transmission Capacity 99 GW International Exchange with Neighbouring Countries ~ 3 GW PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION (2018-19) 1181 KWH T&D LOSSES (2017-18) 21.04% AT&C LOSSES (2015-16) 23.98% Annual Trading Volume 56 TWh Power Exchanges 2

Key Dimensions of Indian Grid

GROWTH OF INDIAN POWER SECTOR

INSTALLED CAPACITY

TOTAL: 3,60,456 MW

Central 90176.9 25% State 102817.61 29% Private 167461.8 46%

Sector-wise All India Installed Capacity (in MW) AS ON 30.07.2019

Coal 202069 56% Hydro 45399.22 13% Diesel 637.63 0% Nuclear 6780 2% Gas 24937.22 7% RES 80632.8 22%

Fuel-wise Total All India Installed Capacity (MW) As on 30.07.2019

INSTALLED CAPACITY- RES

FIG IN MW

Small Hydro Power 4604.8 6% Wind Power 36686.82 46% Bio-Power 9269.8 11% Solar Power 30070.38 37%

RES Installed capacity in MW as on 30.07.2019

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 31st March 2008 31st March 2012 31st March 2017 31st March 2019 31st July 2019 2.12 941.3 12288.83 28180.71 30070.38 766.84 16896.6 32279.77 35625.97 36686.82 2045.07 3410.5 4379.855 4593.15 4604.8 1411.38 3255 8311.78 9241.8 9269.8

Development of RE in India

Solar Wind Small Hydro(SHP) Bio-Power

Total : 80,632.8 MW

1362 1713 2886 4653 9027 12957 16664 26680 28448 42585 63636 69065 85795 105046 132329 199877 326833 344002 356100 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 31.12.47 31.12.50 End of Ist Plan (31.03.56) End of the IInd Plan (31.03.61) End of the IIIrd Plan (31.03.66) End of the Annual Plan (31.03.69) End of the IVth Plan (31.03.74) End of the Vth Plan (31.03.79) End of the Annual Plan (31.03.80) End of the VIth Plan (31.03.85) End of the VIIth Plan (31.03.90) End of the Annual Plan (31.03.92) End of the VIIIth Plan (31.03.97) End of the IXth Plan (31.03.02) End of Xth Plan (31.03.07) End of XIth Plan (31.03.12) End of XIIth Plan (31.03.17) As on 31.03.2018 As on 31.03.2019

Installed Capacity (MW) Plan/Year

Planwise Growth of Installed Capacity in the Country (Utilities)

63721 65512 66582 67505 69161 73235 73579 77523 79309 82905 87417 85919 89125 92265 95079 101790 103967 103975 105076 9936 10800 11351 12325 13718 14135 16713 20511 22879 29014 35450 54276 68859 88164 107304 127076 142608 155511 164428 27969 28734 29944 32854 35547 36917 42037 45027 45777 47479 50759 59682 65360 68126 72521 76297 80257 84517 86597

20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

MW Year

Sector wise Growth of Installed Capacity (MW) 2000-01 to 2018-19

Private

State Central

GENERATION(2018-19)

ALL FIGURES IN GWh

Coal 1022265.33 74% Hydro 134893.61 10% Diesel 124.8 0% Nuclear 37812.59 3% Gas 49833.75 4% RES 126759.09 9%

Gross Electricity Generation in India Mode wise - (Utilities) (31.03.2019)

Coal Hydro Diesel Nuclear Gas RES

TOTAL 1371689 GWh

100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000

Sector wise Growth of Energy Generation (GWh) 2002-03 to 2018-19

State Private Central

Prvate Central State

Installed Generating Capacity and Generation of Captive Power Plants in Industries having Demand of 1MW & Above - Mode wise (31.03.2019)@

Steam 34833.08 MW 60.06% Diesel 13484.90 MW 23.25% Gas 7752.96 MW 13.37% Hydro 48.26 MW 0.08% RES 1880.80 3.24% Steam Diesel Gas Hydro RES @-Estimated

TOTAL = 58000 MW

HYDRO 97.00 GWh 0.09% Steam 141137.00 80.65% Diesel 7723.00 GWh 4.41% Gas 23785.00 13.59% RES 2258.00 1.29% Hydro Steam Diesel Gas RES

Total = 175000

@ Estimated

Electricity(Supply) Act,1948 State sector Dominant. Private Sector Participation- licensed Constant Peak and energy deficit. Low growth for Central sector

1950 All India IC 1713 MW End of IV Plan (1973-74) End of IX Plan (2001-02)

Inadequate Resources led Constitution of Central companies: NTPC, NHPC , NEEPCO , NPCIL. Large Capacities(200/210 MW) Regional Projects-Regional grid. Rate of growth of Central sector

• utpaced State Sector.

Major Challenges :

Lack of Inter-Regional Transmission Network. Default in Payments by SEBs and lack of liquidity-Single point tariff.

Central Sector IC 2507.5 MW Central Sector IC 31605.5 MW (30%) :

Few Regulations: Two-part tariff introduced in 1992 CERC was established ABT introduced in 2000

Huge Demand for CGS Power

BROAD TIMELINE

Timeline: X–XII Plan (2002-2017)

X plan Begin (2002-03)

Electricity Act,2003. Delicensed Regime. Promoted Competition, Open Access. Private Sector Participation Relevant Regulations: National Tariff Policy 2006-Competitive Bidding. Multi YearTariff regulations 2004-09. Huge investment planning: 61000 MW PPAs signed by states with NTPC. High Participation by Private sector - Attractive ROE. Better performance by Central sector plants. Regulations insulated Cent. Generating Comp. from Losses

XI plan Begin (2007-08)

Regulations: Tariff Regulation 2009-14(ROE=15.5 %). Surrender of firm allocation by a beneficiary as per tariff regulations 2009.

XII plan Begin (2012-13)

Current scenario

Highest ever capacity addition - private sector. Power Exchanges flourished. Power tariffs have reduced in open market. High Tariffs for non-pit head CGSs. Surplus power for many states. Surrendering of firm power by states to the tune of 3890 MW. XII Plan Demand of Power from CGSs

52.40 53.20 56.50 55.00 56.50 53.90 55.30 57.10 61.00 60.00 63.00 64.40 64.70 64.60 67.30 69.00 69.90 72.20 72.70 74.80 74.30 76.80 78.60 77.20 77.68 74.97 73.47 70.13 65.56 64.25 62.24 59.88 60.72 61.07 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 PLF (%) Years

All India PLF (%) of Thermal Power Stations (Coal and Lignite based)

18

Size MW Efficiency (%) Year 30-50 ~31 1950 60-100 32-33 1960 110 to150 35-36 1970 200/210 36.3 -37.8 1977 250 38.3 1995 500 38.5 1984 500 38.7 2010 660 39.5 2010 660/800 40.5 2012

Major Unit Sizes and Steam parameters

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Coal+Lignite Gas+Diesel Hydro Nuclear RES

CAPACITY MIX (SINCE MARCH,1981)

Domestic, 296219, 24.76% Com merc ial, … Industrial, 492361, 41.16% Tracti

• n,

1818 8, … Agric ulture , … Misc., 79309, 6.63%

Domestic Commercial Industrial Traction Agriculture Misc.

@ Estimated

All India Electricity Consumption Sector Wise (Utilities & Non- Utilities) 2018-19@

TOTAL = 1196309 GWh

4182 5610 10150 16804 30455 41392 55557 84005 85334 124569 195098 231201 315294 374670 525672 785194 1061183 1123427 1196309 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 31.12.47 31.12.50 End of Ist Plan (31.03.56) End of the IInd Plan (31.03.61) End of the IIrd Plan (31.03.66) End of the Annual Plan (31.03.69) End of the IVth Plan (31.03.74) End of the Vth Plan (31.03.79) End of the Annual Plan (31.03.80) End of the VIth Plan (31.03.85) End of the VIIth Plan (31.03.90) End of the Annual Plan (31.03.92) End of the VIIIth Plan (31.03.97) End of the IXth Plan (31.03.02) End of Xth Plan (31.03.07) End of XIth Plan (31.03.12) End of XIIth Plan (31.03.17) 2017-18 2018-19 @

GWh Plan/Year

Planwise Growth of All India Total Electricity Consumption (Utilities & Non-Utilities)

@ Estimated

Power Supply Position in the country

• 1. At present, demand supply gap at an all time low of less than 1%. This gap is on account of factors other than non-

availability of power.

• 2. Adequate power available in the country.

11.8 13.8 10.6 9 4.5 4.7 3.2 1.6 2 0.8

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2001-02 2006-07 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Power Supply Position in terms of Peak

Peak Demand (GW) Peak Demand Met(GW) Demand Not Met (%)

11.8 13.8 10.6 9 4.5 4.7 3.2 1.6 2 0.8

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2001-02 2006-07 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Power Supply Position in terms of Energy

Peak Demand (GW) Peak Demand Met(GW) Demand Not Met (%)

16.3 in DEC,1947

592 612.5 631.5 671.9 717.1 733.54 778.63 818.8 883.64 914.41 956.64 1010 1075 1122 1149 1181 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 KWh

PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

16808 21000 68875 131181 495671 771990 1435659 2037225 2236578 3056035 4215213 4358297 4886800 5725890 6563065 8280037 10061205 11301486 11755241 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,000 10,000,000 12,000,000 14,000,000 31.12.47 31.12.50 End of Ist Plan (31.03.56) End of the IInd Plan (31.03.61) End of the IIIrd Plan (31.03.66) End of the Annual Plan (31.03.69) End of the IVth Plan (31.03.74) End of the Vth Plan (31.03.79) End of the Annual Plan (31.03.80) End of the VIth Plan (31.03.85) End of the VIIth Plan (31.03.90) End of the Annual Plan (31.03.92) End of the VIIIth Plan (31.03.97) End of the IXth Plan (31.03.02) End of Xth Plan (31.03.07) End of XIth Plan (31.03.12) End of XIIth Plan (31.03.17) As on 31.03.2018 As on 31.03.2019

Circuit kms

Plan/Year

Planwise Growth of Transmission Lines in the Country below 66 kV

@ Estimated

@

6430 8271 16552 26706 46033 63311 83225 108694 115031 155921 192288 215903 254613 304258 376829 446055 625243 657026 681611 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 31.12.47 31.12.50 End of Ist Plan (31.03.56) End of the IInd Plan… End of the IIIrd Plan… End of the Annual Plan… End of the IVth Plan… End of the Vth Plan… End of the Annual Plan… End of the VIth Plan… End of the VIIth Plan… End of the Annual Plan… End of the VIIIth Plan… End of the IXth Plan… End of Xth Plan (31.03.07) End of XIth Plan (31.03.12) End of XIIth Plan… As on 31.03.2018 As on 31.03.2019

Circuit km

Plan/Year

Planwise Growth of Transmission Lines in the Country 66 kV and above

@ Estimated

@

Evolution of the Grid

26

Pre 1991:

Five Regional Grids - Five Frequencies

October 1991:

East and Northeast synchronized

March 2003:

West synchronized with East & Northeast

August 2006: North

synchronized with Central Grid

Dec 2013:

All India Synchronized Grid

Maps not to scale

Electricity Act, 2003, Open Access Merchant Power Merging of Markets, Power Exchanges

Addition of large 500 MW & above gen. units and 765 kV trans. Lines, Ultra Mega Power Projects

INTER REGIONAL TRANSFER CAPACITY

As on march 2017

22,530 MW

2,860 MW

21,190 MW 29,520 MW

12,120 MW 7,830 MW

SOUTHERN RN REG REGION ION WES WESTE TERN RN REG REGION ION NORTHERN RN REG REGION ION

NORTH- EASTERN REGION

EAST EASTERN ERN REG REGION ION

3000 MW TOTAL: 99,050 MW

Bangladesh

1160MW

Nepal

570 MW

Myanmar

2-3 MW

Bhutan

1500MW

Transmission links have been established between border states in Indian territory (Bihar, UP, Uttarakhand, Tripura, Manipur, West Bengal, and Assam) with neighbouring countries (synchronous/asynchronous /radial links). Cross Border Trade of Electricity

Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS)

 Scheme approved on 20.11.2014 with a total outlay of Rs 32,612 crore which includes a budgetary support of Rs 25,354 crore from Govt. of India.  The objectives of scheme are:  Strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution networks in the urban areas;  Metering of distribution transformers / feeders / consumers in the urban area.  IT enablement of distribution sector and strengthening of distribution network  The component of IT enablement of distribution sector and strengthening of distribution network approved in June, 2013 in the form of RAPDRP for 12th and 13th Plans got subsumed in this scheme and approved scheme outlay of Rs 44,011 crore including a budgetary support of Rs 22,727 crore carried over to the new scheme of IPDS.

Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY)

Scheme approved on 20.11.2014 with a total outlay of Rs 44,033 crore which includes a budgetary support of Rs 33,453 crore from Govt. of India. The objectives of scheme are:  Separation of agriculture and non-agriculture feeders  Strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution networks in the rural areas;  Metering of distribution transformers / feeders / consumers in the rural area.  Rural Electrification The component of Rural Electrification approved in August, 2013 in the form of RGGVY for 12th and 13th Plans got subsumed in this scheme and approved scheme cost of Rs 39275 crore including a budgetary support of Rs 35447crore carried over to the new scheme of DDUGJY.

Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana(UDAY)

Launched by the Government of India on 20th November 2015 for operational and financial turnaround of state-owned Power Distribution Companies (DISCOMs). Objectives (i) Improving operational efficiency of DISCOMs; (ii) Reduction in cost of power; (iii) Financial Turnaround - Reduction in interest cost of DISCOMs; (iv) Enforcing financial discipline on DISCOMs through alignment with State finances.

Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (SAUBHAGYA) 99.99% of our households are electrified Objectives (i) To provide electricity for every household

FUTURE SCENARIO

226 299 370 448

1,566 2,047 2,531 3,049

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500

2021-22 2026-27 2031-32 2036-37

PEAK DEMAND GW ENERGY REQUIREMENT BU

YEAR

PEAK DEMAND ENERGY REQUIREMENT

Growth Rate (%) 2016-17 to 2021-22 2021-22 to 2026-27 CAGR of Electrical Energy Requirement 6.18 5.51 CAGR of Peak Electricity Demand 6.88 5.77

PROJECTIONS OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND-19TH ELECTRIC POWER SURVEY

Solar 57% Wind 34% Biomass 6% Small hydro 3%

Renewable ble Installed Capacity Target by 2022

57,260 71,768 95,319 120,772 147,541 174,998 12,289 25,475 43,035 61,693 80,899 100,000 32,280 33,578 39,078 45,305 52,258 60,000

• 10,000

40,000 90,000 140,000 190,000

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

MW

YEAR

Projected Growth of RES Installed Generating Capacity (MW) WIND SOLAR TOTAL

Year Installed capacity of RES (GW) Expected Generation in (BU) Solar Wind Biomass SHP Total Total Energy Requirement (BU) Contribution

• f RES to

Total Energy Demand(%) 2021-22 175 162 112 37 15 326 1,566 20.8% 2026-27 275 243 188 63 24 518 2,047 25.3%

Estimated Electricity Generation from RES in years 2021-22 and 2026-27

Solar 50% Wind 34% Biomass 11% SHP 5%

PROJECTED ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RES BY 2021-22

TYP TYPICAL ICAL ALL ALL INDIA INDIA DEM DEMAND AND & NET & NET LOAD AD CUR CURVE VE (2021 (2021-22) 22)

37

203675 200324 196901 194771 195354 199412 204988 205598 205194 207161 209487 210331 208052 205204 204551 205389 205410 202824 202370 220798 225751 221086 217790 215702 196801 194356 191176 188876 188636 192483 198726 194079 172674 156613 147147 141050 136740 137938 145695 160706 179418 193163 194362 210323 215326 211214 207765 207085

111,000 131,000 151,000 171,000 191,000 211,000 231,000 251,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

MW HOUR

ALL INDIA DEMAND VS. NET DEMAND OF PEAK DAY ALL INDIA DEMAND NET DEMAND

DUCK CURVE

38

India’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)

40 % cumulative power installed capacity from non-fossil fuels by 2030.

Year Likely IC (GW) Likely IC of Fossil Fuel (GW) Likely IC of Non-Fossil Fuel (GW) % of Non-Fossil Fuel in IC March 2022 479.4 243.0 236.4 49.3% March 2027 619.0 263.9 355.1 57.4%

OPTIMUM GENERATION MIX IN THE YEAR 2029-30

To find out the least cost optimum generation mix in the year 2029-30 considering possible/feasible technology

• ptions,

fuel constraints if any, intermittency associated with Renewable energy sources etc.

39

Likely Gross Generation (MU) in 2029-30

Nuclear 4% Coal 50% Gas 2% Biomass 1% Hydro 8% Wind 12% Solar 23%

Nuclear Coal Gas Biomass Hydro Wind Solar

Likely Installed Capacity (MW) in 2029-30

Hydro,73,445, 9% Coal, 266,827, 32% Gas,24,350, 3% Nuclear, 16,880, … Solar, 300,000, 36% Wind, 140,000, 17% Biomass,10,000, 1%

TOTAL IC : 8,31,502 MW Battery : 34,000MW/136,000MWh

Peak Demand/ Maximum Net Demand Day (7th Oct)

41

Peak Demand 340 GW

Demand Curve

Peak Demand – 340 GW, Energy Req- 7.21 BU

MILE STONES OF INDIAN POWER SECTOR THERMAL

• In 50s Stoker fired thermal units were in

use Upto 30MW

• In 60s Pulverised Coal Technology

introduced

• In 70s

First 60 MW indigenous Pulverised Coal boiler Commissioned

• In Late 70s 200/210MW units were

synchronized

• In 80s

500MW units introduced

`

HYDRO

• In 1947 508 MW Hydro capacity
• In early 60s 1050 MW Bhakra Nangal

Complex commissioned

• In 60s First Under Ground Hydro Station at

Koyna commissioned

• In 70s Water from river Beas diverted to

river Satluj through tunnels and Dehar Power Station (990MW) constructed

• In 80s

First pump storage scheme at Kadamparai commissioned

NUCLEAR`

• In 60s First Nuclear Power Station at Tarapur

(2x160MW) using enriched Uranium commissioned

• In 70s

RAPP using natural Uranium (2x220MW) commissioned

• In 90s RAPP-I refueled indigenously

423 525 934 1492 2355 3184 4645 7576 8402 15506 29577 35854 55267 79694 111002 171104 183700 199842 217405 238876 259311 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 1947 1950 1955-56 (End of 1st Plan) 1960-61 (End of 2nd Plan) 1965-66 (End of 3rd Plan) 1968-69 (End of 3 Annual Plans) 1973-74 (End of 4th Plan) 1978-79 (End of 5th Plan) 1979-80 (End of Annual Plan) 1984-85 (End of 6th Plan) 1989-90 (End of 7th Plan) 1991-92 (End of 2 Annual Plans) 1996-97 (End of 8th Plan) 2001-02 (End of 9th Plan) 2006-07 (End of 10th Plan) 2011-12 (End of 11th Plan) 2012-13 (Ist year of 12th Plan) 2013-14 (IInd year of 12th Plan) 2014-15 (IIIrd year of 12th Plan) 2015-16 (IVth year of 12th Plan) 2016-17 (End of 12th Plan)@ GWh

Plan wise Growth of Electricity Consumption in India Domestic Sector

Plan/Year @ Estimated

Year 1947-50 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 2000-10 2010-17 % Growth 11.87 10.14 9.73 9.18 13.41 9.08 7.21 9.57

178 309 546 848 1650 2126 2988 4330 4657 6937 9548 12032 17519 24139 40220 65381 72794 74247 78391 86037 98333 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 1947 1950 1955-56 (End of 1st Plan) 1960-61 (End of 2nd Plan) 1965-66 (End of 3rd Plan) 1968-69 (End of 3 Annual Plans) 1973-74 (End of 4th Plan) 1978-79 (End of 5th Plan) 1979-80 (End of Annual Plan) 1984-85 (End of 6th Plan) 1989-90 (End of 7th Plan) 1991-92 (End of 2 Annual Plans) 1996-97 (End of 8th Plan) 2001-02 (End of 9th Plan) 2006-07 (End of 10th Plan) 2011-12 (End of 11th Plan) 2012-13 (Ist year of 12th Plan) 2013-14 (IInd year of 12th Plan) 2014-15 (IIIrd year of 12th Plan) 2015-16 (IVth year of 12th Plan) 2016-17 (End of 12th Plan)@ GWh

Plan wise Growth of Electricity Consumption in India Commercial Sector Chart : 20

Plan/Year @ Estimated Year 1947-50 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 2000-10 2010-17 % Growth 3.18 9.50 11.78 7.15 7.45 8.28 11.47 7.69

2960 4057 7514 12547 22596 29931 37791 54440 53206 73520 100373 110844 139253 159507 241216 352291 365989 384418418346 423523426665 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 1947 1950 1955-56 (End of 1st Plan) 1960-61 (End of 2nd Plan) 1965-66 (End of 3rd Plan) 1968-69 (End of 3 Annual Plans) 1973-74 (End of 4th Plan) 1978-79 (End of 5th Plan) 1979-80 (End of Annual Plan) 1984-85 (End of 6th Plan) 1989-90 (End of 7th Plan) 1991-92 (End of 2 Annual Plans) 1996-97 (End of 8th Plan) 2001-02 (End of 9th Plan) 2006-07 (End of 10th Plan) 2011-12 (End of 11th Plan) 2012-13 (Ist year of 12th Plan) 2013-14 (IInd year of 12th Plan) 2014-15 (IIIrd year of 12th Plan) 2015-16 (IVth year of 12th Plan) 2016-17 (End of 12th Plan)@ GWh

Plan wise Growth of Electricity Consumption in India Industrial Sector Chart : 21

Plan/Year @ Estimated Year 1947-50 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 2000-10 2010-17 % Growth 11.08 10.40 11.57 5.02 6.55 4.43 10.36 4.70

277 308 405 454 1057 1247 1531 2186 2301 2880 4070 4520 6594 8106 10800 14206 14100 15540 16177 16594 17217 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 1947 1950 1955-56 (End of 1st Plan) 1960-61 (End of 2nd Plan) 1965-66 (End of 3rd Plan) 1968-69 (End of 3 Annual Plans) 1973-74 (End of 4th Plan) 1978-79 (End of 5th Plan) 1979-80 (End of Annual Plan) 1984-85 (End of 6th Plan) 1989-90 (End of 7th Plan) 1991-92 (End of 2 Annual Plans) 1996-97 (End of 8th Plan) 2001-02 (End of 9th Plan) 2006-07 (End of 10th Plan) 2011-12 (End of 11th Plan) 2012-13 (Ist year of 12th Plan) 2013-14 (IInd year of 12th Plan) 2014-15 (IIIrd year of 12th Plan) 2015-16 (IVth year of 12th Plan) 2016-17 (End of 12th Plan)@ GWh

Plan wise Growth of Electricity Consumption in India Traction Sector

Plan/Year @ Estimated Year 1947-50 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 2000-10 2010-17 % Growth 3.60 12.71 48.63 4.74 5.87 7.10 4.33 4.17

125 162 316 833 1892 3465 6310 12028 13452 20961 44056 58557 84019 81673 99023 140960 147462 152744 168913 173185 195473 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 200000 1947 1950 1955-56 (End of 1st Plan) 1960-61 (End of 2nd Plan) 1965-66 (End of 3rd Plan) 1968-69 (End of 3 Annual Plans) 1973-74 (End of 4th Plan) 1978-79 (End of 5th Plan) 1979-80 (End of Annual Plan) 1984-85 (End of 6th Plan) 1989-90 (End of 7th Plan) 1991-92 (End of 2 Annual Plans) 1996-97 (End of 8th Plan) 2001-02 (End of 9th Plan) 2006-07 (End of 10th Plan) 2011-12 (End of 11th Plan) 2012-13 (Ist year of 12th Plan) 2013-14 (IInd year of 12th Plan) 2014-15 (IIIrd year of 12th Plan) 2015-16 (IVth year of 12th Plan) 2016-17 (End of 12th Plan)@ GWh

Plan wise Growth of Electricity Consumption in India Agriculture Sector Chart : 23

Plan/Year @ Estimated Year 1947-50 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 2000-10 2010-17 % Growth 9.03 66.96 71.06 13.55 12.60 7.52 2.05 7.81

Probable reasons for Change in scenario

Huge Generation Capacity Addition Seller’s Market to Buyers Market Open Market Platform Actual Demand Vs 18th EPS projections 175 GW RES Capacity Achievement by 2022 8% of solar RPO by the year 2022 as per Tariff Policy 2016 Low PLF of Coal based Capacity

Highlights of 12th Plan (2012-17)

Capacity Addition from Conventional sources of 99,209 MW against target

• f 88,537

MW.(112% of the Target) Private sector to have 56 % contribution in the Total capacity addition. Super-critical technology based coal power plants to contribute around 39% of the total capacity addition from coal based plants. Highest ever Conventional Capacity addition achieved in one year-23,976MW in 2015-16. Capacity Addition from RES of 32,757 MW against target

• f 30,000 MW.

(109% of the Target) Largest Wind & Solar capacity addition of 3,300 MW and 3,019 MW respectively achieved in 2015-16.

52

756 1004 1597 2436 4417 6640 8652 14875 15991 26311 41237 44791 54154 62131 71121 112022 192163 197172

20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 200000

31.12.47 31.12.50 End of 1st Plan (31.03.56) End of 2nd Plan (31.03.61) End of 3rd Plan (31.03.66) End of 3 Annual Plans (31.03.69) End of 4th Plan (31.03.74) End of 5th Plan (31.03.79) End of Annual Plan (31.03.80) End of 6th Plan (31.03.85) End of 7th Plan (31.03.90) End of 2 Annual Plans (31.03.92) End of 8th Plan (31.03.97) End of 9th Plan (31.03.02) End of 10th Plan (31.03.07) End of 11th Plan (31.03.12) End of 12th Plan (31.03.17) 31.03.2018

MW Plan/Year

Plan wise Growth of Installed Capacity in India Coal/ Lignite based Plants

134 134 165 168 268 542 2343 3095 6562 11163 13692 18381 25329 24897 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 31.12.47 31.12.50 End of 1st Plan (31.03.56) End of 2nd Plan (31.03.61) End of 3rd Plan (31.03.66) End of 3 Annual Plans (31.03.69) End of 4th Plan (31.03.74) End of 5th Plan (31.03.79) End of Annual Plan (31.03.80) End of 6th Plan (31.03.85) End of 7th Plan (31.03.90) End of 2 Annual Plans (31.03.92) End of 8th Plan (31.03.97) End of 9th Plan (31.03.02) End of 10th Plan (31.03.07) End of 11th Plan (31.03.12) End of 12th Plan (31.03.17) 31.03.2018 MW

Plan/Year

Plan wise Growth of Installed Capacity in India Gas/ Liquid based Plants

98 149 228 300 352 276 241 164 165 177 165 168 294 1135 1202 1200 838 838 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 31.12.47 31.12.50 End of 1st Plan (31.03.56) End of 2nd Plan (31.03.61) End of 3rd Plan (31.03.66) End of 3 Annual Plans (31.03.69) End of 4th Plan (31.03.74) End of 5th Plan (31.03.79) End of Annual Plan (31.03.80) End of 6th Plan (31.03.85) End of 7th Plan (31.03.90) End of 2 Annual Plans (31.03.92) End of 8th Plan (31.03.97) End of 9th Plan (31.03.02) End of 10th Plan (31.03.07) End of 11th Plan (31.03.12) End of 12th Plan (31.03.17) 31.03.2018 MW

Plan/Year

Plan wise Growth of Installed Capacity in India Diesel based Plants

508 560 1061 1917 4124 5907 6966 10833 11384 14460 18308 19194 21658 26269 34654 38990 44478 45293 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 31.12.47 31.12.50 End of 1st Plan (31.03.56) End of 2nd Plan (31.03.61) End of 3rd Plan (31.03.66) End of 3 Annual Plans (31.03.69) End of 4th Plan (31.03.74) End of 5th Plan (31.03.79) End of Annual Plan (31.03.80) End of 6th Plan (31.03.85) End of 7th Plan (31.03.90) End of 2 Annual Plans (31.03.92) End of 8th Plan (31.03.97) End of 9th Plan (31.03.02) End of 10th Plan (31.03.07) End of 11th Plan (31.03.12) End of 12th Plan (31.03.17) 31.03.2018 MW Plan/Year

Plan wise Growth of Installed Capacity in India Hydro Electric Power Stations

Canada USA Australia Japan France Germany Korea UK Russia Italy South Africa Brazil China India* World 2014 15544 12962 10002 7829 6955 7035 10564 5131 6603 5002 4240 2578 3927 1010 3030 2015 15188 12833 9892 7865 7043 7015 10558 5082 6588 5099 4148 2516 4047 1075 3052 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

kWh

PER CAPITA ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES IN 2014 & 2015

Source : IEA publication 'Key World Energy Statistics 2014 website (other than India) * Per capita consumption = (gross electrical energy avaibality /mid year population)

Salient Features of UDAY

 States shall take over 75% of DISCOM debt as on 30 September 2015 over two years - 50% in 2015-16 and 25% in 2016-17.  Government of India will not include the debt taken over by the States as per the above scheme in the calculation of fiscal deficit (FRBM Limit) of respective States in the financial years 2015-16 and 2016-17.  States will issue non-SLR including SDL bonds in the market or directly to the respective banks / Financial Institutions (FIs) holding the DISCOM debt to the appropriate extent.  DISCOM debt not taken over by the State shall be converted by the Banks / FIs into loans or bonds with interest rate not more than the bank’s base rate plus 0.1%. Alternatively, this debt may be fully or partly issued by the DISCOM as state-guaranteed DISCOM bonds at the prevailing market rates which shall be equal to or less than bank base rate plus 0.1%.  UDAY is optional for all States. However, States are encouraged to take the benefit at the earliest as benefits are dependent on the performance.  Outcomes of operational improvements will be measured through following indicators:  Reduction of AT&C loss to 15% by 2018-19 as per the loss reduction trajectory to be finalized by Ministry of Power (MoP) and States; and  Reduction in gap between Average Cost of Supply (ACS) & Average Revenue Realized (ARR) to zero by 2018-19 as finalized by MoP and States.