IN5320 - Development in Platform Ecosystems Lecture 6: Information - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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IN5320 - Development in Platform Ecosystems Lecture 6: Information - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 24, 2023 211 likes •795 views

IN5320 - Development in Platform Ecosystems Lecture 6: Information systems and complexity 24th of September 2018 Department of Informatics, University of Oslo Magnus Li - magl@ifi.uio.no 1 Assignment 2 Collection of open APIs Tutorial for

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IN5320 - Development in Platform Ecosystems

Lecture 6: Information systems and complexity

24th of September 2018 Department of Informatics, University of Oslo Magnus Li - magl@ifi.uio.no

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Assignment 2

Collection of open APIs Tutorial for React-users Delivery in both Devilry and git Deadline moved one week! (to October 5th)

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Group project

Start to form groups now! You must register your group here before 5th of October Cases will be presented on the lecture October 8th (in two weeks) The week after, you will present initial requirements.

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Today’s lecture

Aim:

  • To provide context to platform concepts
  • Gain an understanding of basic concepts such as:
  • Information Systems
  • Complexity
  • Architectures
  • Standards

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Today’s lecture

1. Information Systems 2. Complexity 3. Socio-technical complexity 4. Standards 5. Architectures

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Information Systems

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ICT

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3200 B.C Ca 1450 A.C 1792 - 1881

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ICT

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Information Systems

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An information system is not the information technology alone, but the system that emerges from the mutually transformational interactions between the information technology and the

  • rganization.

(Allen S. Lee, 2004)

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Information Systems

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Information Technology

The study or use of systems (especially computers and telecommunications) for storing, retrieving, and sending

  • information. (Oxford english dictionary)
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Information Systems

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Information Technology - examples?

Laptops Smartphones Tablets Smartboards Servers SMS Software (email, calendars, snapchat, etc.) Paper forms Whiteboards Notepads Mail Pneumatic tubes

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Information Systems

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Information Technology - examples?

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Information Systems

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Why is analog technology of interest?

  • To understand how systems work
  • Why systems fail
  • Why systems succeed
  • How to design and integrate new systems
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Information Systems

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Information Technology

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Information Systems

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An information system is not the information technology alone, but the system that emerges from the mutually transformational interactions between the information technology and the organization.

(Allen S. Lee, 2004)

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Information Systems

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Organization An organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department. (Oxford english dictionary) Institution An established law or practice. (ibid.)

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Information Systems

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Organization

An organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department. (Oxford english dictionary) Humans Routines Hierarchies Norms Rules Politics Motives Buildings Products Information Technology Culture Language

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Information Systems

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What makes an organization?

Organizations and institutions are, as many social phenomenon, an inter-subjective entity. “You could kill every employee and stakeholder in Peugeot, but the corporate entity would still exist. The building isn’t Peugeot — it can move offices. Peugeot could make planes rather than cars, so it isn’t what they do that defines them. The only thing that makes Peugeot Peugeot is everyone’s agreement that Peugeot exists, duly noted in the papers of some lawyer”

Corey Breier, 2016 paraphrasing from “Sapiens” by Yuval Harari

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Information Systems

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Why are organizations and institutions of interest?

  • To understand how systems work
  • Why systems fail
  • Why systems succeed
  • How to design and integrate new systems
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Information Systems

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Imbrication “if we were to examine routines and technologies under a microscope, we would find that each is made up of the same basic building blocks: human and material agencies” Leonardo 2011 p 151

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Theorizing Information Systems

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Structuration theory: Intersubjective social structures. Institutional theory: Organizations consists of webs of values, norms, and beliefs. Actor network theory: Net of “actors” that together form systems (work net). Information Infrastructure: Open, shared, and heterogeneous installed base enabled by standards.

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Complexity

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Complexity

Complicated systems Linear behavior Total is equal to the sum of its parts

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Complex systems Non-linear behavior (change in input is not proportional to new output) System can not be fully understood by investigating its parts.

“Complexity stems from the number and type of relationships between the systems’s components and between the system and its environment” (Hanseth & Lyytinen, 2010)

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Complicated or complex system?

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A bike US politics One computer A human The internet Climate and weather Cosmos (space)

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Why is it complex?

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  • Too many unknowns
  • Too many interrelated factors
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Why is it complex?

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Our system Other system Other system Other system

  • Too many unknowns
  • Too many interrelated factors
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Why is it complex?

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Bygstad (2007)

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Why is it complex?

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Inherent complexity How the system behaves is dependent on the environment. Epistemic complexity The system consist of such an amount of components that knowing the workings of all, and how they will interact is “impossible”.

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Socio-technical complexity

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Socio-technical complexity

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Our system Other system Other system

  • Information systems do not only consist of

technical components.

  • They do not exist in a “digital vacuum”
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Socio-technical complexity

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Our system

  • Information systems do not only consist of

technical components.

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Socio-technical complexity

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Our system

  • Information systems do not only consist of

technical components.

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Socio-technical complexity

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Our system

  • They do not exist in a “digital vacuum”

Other system Other system Other system

Organization

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Socio-technical complexity

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  • They do not exist in a “digital vacuum”

Our organization Other organization Other organization Other organization

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Socio-technical complexity

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  • They do not exist in a “digital vacuum”

Country / region / continent Culture Politics Legal frameworks Competition Discourses Economics

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Socio-technical complexity

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Socio-technical complexity

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(Sommerville et al., 2012)

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Standards

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Standards

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  • How to communicate?
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Standards

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  • How to communicate?
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Stockholm, 3 September 1967

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Standards

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  • How to communicate?
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Standards

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Braa & Sahay 2012

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Standards

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Rolland & Monteiro (2011) describe a standardization initiative by a large international maritime classification company. Located on 300 sites in 100 countries. Information system to support surveying of ships. Balance between global uniform standards and local particularities.

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Standards

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“We are adding a lot of functionality to the system—some work arounds disappear after doing these modifications—but new

  • nes tend to turn up. It’s an ongoing battle. “

(Quoted manager in Rolland & Monteiro, 2011, p97)

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Architecture

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Architecture

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The complex or carefully designed structure of something. The conceptual structure and logical organization of a computer or computer-based system.

Oxford english dictionary

  • A “blueprint” of a systems modules and relations.
  • Maybe technical or/and socio-technical
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Architecture

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A good architecture must exhibit four simple properties that it shares with the architecture of modern cities: simplicity, resilience, maintainability, and evolvability.

Tiwana 2012 p77

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Architecture

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Silo-systems

System 1 System 2 System 5 System 6 System 7 System 3 System 4 System 8 New system New system

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Architecture

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Service-oriented architectures

Service bus System 1 Web interface Android interface IOS interface Sales interface System 1 System 1 System 1

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Architecture

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Modularization / partitioning

Module

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Architecture

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Modularization / partitioning

Tiwana 2012 p 80

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Architecture

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Platforms

DHIS2 platform core API Bundled apps Third-party apps

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Architecture

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Platforms

Tiwana 2012 p 85

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