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Bonnie Schrack
Bonnie Schrack
Have you heard from your project members: “Am I a Martian? I have no matches!”
DNA Project Results
Subgroup A Subgroup B
No Matches! (Orphans, Lost Tribes)
? ? ? ? ? ??? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
In Search of the Root: Discovery of a Highly Divergent Y Chromosome - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
In Search of the Root: Discovery of a Highly Divergent Y Chromosome - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
In Search of the Root: Discovery of a Highly Divergent Y Chromosome Lineage Bonnie Schrack Haplogroup A Project Admin Family Tree DNA 8th International Conference on Genetic Genealogy, 2012 Bonnie Schrack Have you heard from your project
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Bonnie Schrack
“I once was lost, but now am found…”
DNA Project Results New Clade 1 New Clade 2 New Clade 3 Subgroup A Subgroup B
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Bonnie Schrack
The Y-Haplogroup A Project
The majority of the members belonged to A1a or A3b2, but those at the top were unclassified. . .
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Bonnie Schrack
2010 – Before Cruciani
A and BT were two distinct, monophyletic clades Y-Adam
father of all of today’s Y-DNA lineages
Defined by A SNPs Defined by BT SNPs
M91, P97 SRY10831.1, M42
A BT
A1
A1a A1b A2 A3 B CT
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Bonnie Schrack
To which clade did they belong? Not A2 or A3. . .
Y-Adam
A BT
A1
A1a A1b A2 A3 B CT
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Bonnie Schrack
Not A1a…Could they be A1b?
Y-Adam
A BT
A1
A1a A1b A2 A3 B CT
?
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Bonnie Schrack
A Revolution in the Root of the Y Tree
“A Revised Root for the Human Y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree: The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa” Fulvio Cruciani et al, 2011
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Bonnie Schrack
2011 – After Cruciani
A1b is the earliest branch; BT is now a brother clade to A2 and A3!
A is no longer one, distinct monophyletic clade
Y-Adam A1a-T
A2-T – includes A2, A3, BT
A1b A1a A2 A3 BT
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Bonnie Schrack
Former A-defining SNPs M91 & P97 recognized as defining BT, with “reversed polarity”
Likewise, former A1 SNP, P108, recognized as reversed A2-T SNP
Y-Adam
A1a-T SNPs
A2-T SNPs: P108, V221
BT SNPs:
now incl. M91, P97
A1b A1a A2 A3 BT
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Bonnie Schrack
Our project members who aren’t A1a, A2, or A3. . .
Time to investigate!
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Bonnie Schrack
Another great study, with haplotype data!
“Signatures of the pre-agricultural peopling processes in sub- Saharan Africa as revealed by the phylogeography of early Y chromosome lineages” Chiara Batini et al, 2011 Map shows frequencies of haplogroups
A (yellow), B2a (light blue) and B2b (dark blue) in Africa
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Bonnie Schrack
One lineage matches with Batini’s A1b samples
Also matches with haplotypes from Cameroon in SMGF database, in the same location as the hg. A “Ruling Dynasty of the Nso′” described by Veeramah, 2008!
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Bonnie Schrack
We examine the others -- 1st WTY: Kit #N38376, African-American lineage from Virginia
Has matching haplotypes from Ghana in SMGF database
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Bonnie Schrack
Result: Our First New Branch!
Y-Adam
A1b new! A1a A2 A3 BT
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Bonnie Schrack
But what to call it?
Old nomenclature no longer make sense to us New proposal: Borrow from mtDNA nomenclature . . . “L0”
A0 A1
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Bonnie Schrack
2nd WTY: Kit #N14468, African-American lineage from Maryland
1 FTDNA match, but no matching haplotype in any known database or scientific paper!
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Bonnie Schrack
Result: Second New Branch!
Y-Adam
A0 A1
A1a A1b
A0a1 A0a2 A0b A1a A1b1 A1b2 BT
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Bonnie Schrack
Three-way branching under A1b resolved to two forks
Y-Adam
A0 A1
A1a A1b A1b1 BT
L419 P97
A0a1 A0a2 A0b A1a A1b1a A1b1b BT
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Bonnie Schrack
3rd WTY: Kit #215865, African-American lineage from So. Carolina
Has matching haplotypes from Cameroon in SMGF database
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Bonnie Schrack
Result: An Unforeseen Discovery --
The Earliest Branch on the Human Y Tree
A00
A0 A1 A00 A0a1 A0a2 A0b A1a A1b1a A1b1b BT
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Bonnie Schrack