In Inter-varietal Hybrid id Dougla las-Fir ir Growth Potential - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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In Inter-varietal Hybrid id Dougla las-Fir ir Growth Potential - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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In Inter-varietal Hybrid id Dougla las-Fir ir Growth Potential of Coastal Sources and Winter Hardiness of Interior Sources Marcus Warwell, PhD Russel Graham, PhD Geneticist Research Forester marcus.v.warwell@usda.gov

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In Inter-varietal Hybrid id Dougla las-Fir ir

Growth Potential of Coastal Sources and Winter Hardiness of Interior Sources

Marcus Warwell, PhD Geneticist marcus.v.warwell@usda.gov Russel Graham, PhD Research Forester russell.t.graham@usda.gov

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Key Management Point:

  • Hybrid Douglas-fir is outperforming interior and

coastal parent sources in Northern Idaho.

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Outline

  • Background on Hybrid

Douglas-fir

  • Overview of published

research

  • Current work
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Douglas-Fir Varieties

Coastal Interior Growtha Rhabdocline pseudotsugae Tolerance Cold Hardiness Drought Hardiness Shade Tolerancea

Coastal Variety Interior Variety

  • Coastal Douglas-fir: Second tallest Conifer
  • Interior Douglas-fir: - 40 ° C
  • Varieties are completely interfertile
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Genetic Structure of Douglas-Fir

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Genetic Structure of Douglas-Fir

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Genetic Structure of Douglas-Fir

  • Clinal Variation in Growth Potential
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Management opportunities:

  • Increased climatic resilience
  • Increased productivity

“…Thus it seems likely that planting stock combining specific site adaptation and rapid growth can be produced by racial crossing.

– Duffield, 1950

Jerry Rehfeldt

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Growth and Cold Hardiness Testing of Inter-varietal Hybrid Douglas-fir

Moscow, ID Lacomb, OR Valsetz, OR Lake Cowichan, BC Clarkia, ID

  • Coastal Douglas-fir
  • 15 Paternal half-sib

families

  • Interior Douglas-fir
  • 18 Maternal half-sib

families

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Hybrid Douglas-fir Test Results

  • Planted as seed in 1971
  • 70 full-sib hybrid families
  • 33 half-sib families from

parental lines

  • Coeur d’ Alene

Nursery

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Hybrid Douglas-fir Test Results

  • Winter drought in 1972
  • as low as - 26 °C
  • Interior: 44% Survival
  • Hybrid: 44% Survival
  • Coastal: 9% Survival
  • Traits
  • Specific Combining

effects

  • Weak additive for

Growth Potential

  • Intermediate for other

adaptive traits

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Rehfeldt, 1977

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  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10

Temperature (°C)

24-25 Sept 15-16 Oct 4-5 Nov 28-29 Nov Interior Var. Coastal Var. Hybrid

Cold Hardiness Development Through Fall

Rehfeldt, 1977

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Green Creek Field Test

Elevation : 3400 feet Latitude: 46 degrees Longitude:116 degrees

  • 3 year-old (1-2) stock

planted in 1975

  • 70 full-sib hybrid

families

  • Fewer than 33 half-sib

families from parental lines

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  • 10 year field trial:
  • Hybrid survival =

interior parents

  • Hybrid height was ~2 x

height of interior parents Gree een Cr Cree eek Fie Field d Tes est

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  • Douglas-fir introduced/naturalized

in > 30 European countries

  • intraspecific genetic admixture

contributes significantly to the invasive success of non-native species

  • Increased pool of raw material for

adaptive evolution

(by T. Eckhart)

Naturaliz izatio ion in Eu Europe

(Spiecker et al., 2019)

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Coastal Interior. Hybrid

Braun, 1998

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Braun, 1998

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Hybrid forward selection(s) in the BC Ministry breeding

  • rchard at Kalamalka.

Photo by: Florian Deisenhofer

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Gree een Cr Cree eek Fie Field d Tes est t 44 years after planting

Excellent growth and survival of the Hybrid families was obvious. “Realization of the tremendous potential of

hybridization for improvement of the interior variety will requireat least one backcross generation or additional crosses utilizing introgressed populations.” – Rehfeldt, 1977

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Gree een Cr Cree eek Fie Field d Tes est t 44 years after planting

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Surv = 29% n = 87 Surv = 50% n = 587 Surv = 13% n = 43

Preliminary results based on ¾ of test measured, does not consider density dependent competition

9.5 10.5 7.7

DBH (inches)

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Photo by: Florian Deisenhofer

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Hybrid Douglas-fir Moscow Forest Sciences Laboratory Moscow, Idaho Planted: ~ 1975

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Hybrid Douglas-fir Moscow Forest Sciences Laboratory Moscow, Idaho Planted: ~ 1975 DBH: 23.1 inches

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PREF Clonal Orchard

  • Planted in 1996 using best

performing crosses and parent clones at Green Creek

  • Assess Trait Segregation
  • Assessing Backcross

Performance

  • Hybrid Breakdown
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IETIC working with NWTIC (Northwest Tree Improvement Coop) to cross top performers from the inland and the coast

  • Medford OR orchard will be used

to create hybrid crosses this spring. Potential Production Approaches:

  • Top Grafting ?
  • Controlled Mass Pollination ?
  • Micropropagation via somatic

embryogenesis ?

Photo by: Nathan Hanzelka

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Florian Deisenhofer Silviculture Manager Hancock Forest Management, A Manulife Investment Management Company

  • E

fdeisenhofer@hnrg.com T 360 635 5804 (office) T 360 949 2393 (cell) 17700 SE Mill Plain Blvd., Suite 180 Vancouver, WA 98683

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Acknowledgements

Eric Berard Silvicultural Forester Hancock Forest Management

Jerry Rehfeldt Research Geneticist, RET. USDA FS, RMRS Russ Graham Research Forester USDA FS, RMRS Ross Applegren Forester IETIC

Marc Rust Director IETIC

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Key Management Point:

  • Hybrid Douglas-fir is outperforming interior and

coastal parent sources in Northern Idaho.

Marcus Warwell, PhD Geneticist USDA FS RMRS marcus.v.warwell@usda.gov