In In-Pl Place St Stre rength Wi h Withou out Tes esting Co - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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In In-Pl Place St Stre rength Wi h Withou out Tes esting Co Cores es: The he Pul Pullou out T Test Nicholas J. Carino, PhD Consultant, Chagrin Falls, OH, USA 6 th International Seminar on Advances in Cement & Concrete

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SLIDE 1

In In-Pl Place St Stre rength Wi h Withou

  • ut

Tes esting Co Cores es: The he Pul Pullou

  • ut T

Test

Nicholas J. Carino, PhD

Consultant, Chagrin Falls, OH, USA 6th International Seminar on Advances in Cement & Concrete Technology for Sustainable Development

1

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SLIDE 2

Curren ent P t Practic tice f e for Acceptan tance ce Testing ng of

  • f Conc
  • ncre

rete

  • Standardized testing of specimens made

from concrete delivered to the project

  • Standard consolidation
  • Standard curing
  • Provides assurance that correct concrete

was delivered

  • Indicates potential strength
  • Does not account for actual consolidation and

curing

2

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SLIDE 3

Fut Futur ure P Perf rformanc nce-Bas ased ed Specif ifica icati tions

  • Measure in-place properties of concrete to

ensure structure will perform as intended

  • Methods for estimating in-place strength
  • Testing drilled cores
  • Rebound number method
  • Probe penetration test
  • Ultrasonic pulse velocity
  • Pullout test

3

High cost Requires correlation testing for each concrete mixture Reliable estimates

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SLIDE 4

Out Outline ne

  • Explain pullout test
  • Strength correlation and failure mechanism
  • Describe CAPO-Test
  • Case study
  • Summary

4

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SLIDE 5

Pu Pullout T t Test est

ASTM C C 900 00

Measure force to pullout an insert anchored in concrete.

  • Cast-in-place (CIP): LOK-Test
  • Post-installed (PI): CAPO-Test

5

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SLIDE 6

25 mm 25 mm

CIP IP-Pullout Pullout T Test

Insert Insert Formwork

6

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SLIDE 7

CIP IP-Pullout Pullout T Test

Insert Insert Pullout Force Reaction Ring

7

55 mm

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SLIDE 8

CIP IP-Pullout Pullout T Test

st

Insert Reaction Ring Pullout Force Insert

8

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SLIDE 9

Pul Pullou

  • ut T

Test

Apply Pullout Load Conical Fragment

COMA-meter

9

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SLIDE 10

20 40 60 80 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Compressive Strength, MPa Pullout Load, kN

Esti timate Co e Concr crete S e Str tren ength

10

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SLIDE 11

Correla elati tion T Testin ting ACI CI 228. 228.1R

  • Prepare cylinders (or cubes) for standard

compressive strength testing

  • Prepare 200-mm cubes with inserts
  • Cure all specimens under same conditions

11

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SLIDE 12

Correla elati tion T Testin ting

  • At ages of 1, 2, 3,

7, 14 and 28 days:

  • Test 2 cylinders

(or cubes) for compressive strength

  • Perform 8 pullout

tests (2 cubes)

200 mm 200 mm

12

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SLIDE 13

Example o le of C Correlatio lation

http://www.nrmca.org/research/HVFAC_Final_Report_final.pdf

13

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 10 15 20 25 30

Cylinder Strength, MPa Pullout Force, kN

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SLIDE 14

Why Why i is t the here a corre

  • rrelation
  • n?
  • Analytical studies of pullout test have

been done

  • Plasticity theory
  • Compression-strut theory
  • Aggregate-interlock theory
  • Pullout strength is related fundamentally

to concrete strength

14

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SLIDE 15

Pull llout F Fail ailure M Mech echan anism

Compression strut theory

15

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SLIDE 16

Pull llout F Fail ailure M Mech echan anism

Compression strut theory

16

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SLIDE 17

Com

  • mpression
  • n St

Strut rut

17

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SLIDE 18

Robust C t Correlatio elation

Not affected by:

  • Type of cementitious materials
  • Water-cement ratio
  • Age
  • Air entrainment
  • Types of admixtures
  • Shape or size of normal density aggregate

up to 40 mm

  • Lightweight aggregate, however, produces

significantly different correlation

18

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SLIDE 19

Cub ube St Stre rength C h Corre

  • rrelations

19 20 40 60 80 100 120 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Johansen - LOK core Gerhard - LOK Winden - LOK Winden - LOK Bellander - CAPO core Bellander - LOK core Bellander - CAPO Bellander - LOK Worthers - CAPO Moczko - CAPO core Price - LOK Price - LOK General Correlation

Cube or Core Strength, MPa Pullout Force, kN

fcube = 0.76 F1.16

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SLIDE 20

Cylin inder er S Stren ength th C Correlatio elations

20

20 40 60 80 100 120 20 40 60 80 100

Gay - LOK Bickley - LOK Krenchel - LOK Krenchel - CAPO Krenchel - LOK Jensen - LOK Drake - LOK Drake - LOK Poulsen - LOK Kierkegaard - LOK Lekso - LOK Lekso - LOK Krenchel - LOK Krenchel - CAPO McGee - LOK Bickley - LOK AEC - LOK & CAPO Obla - LOK General Correlation

Cylinder Strength, MPa Pullout Force, kN

fcyl = 0.69 F1.12

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SLIDE 21

Manufactu acturer er’s General C al Correlatio elations

20 40 60 80 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Compressive Strength, MPa Pullout Load, kN

General Correlations for Cylinder and Cube Strength

f

cube= 0.76 F 1.16

f

cyl= 0.69 F 1.12

21

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SLIDE 22

Pos Post-Insta tall lled ed P Pullo lout T t Test CAPO PO-Te Test

  • Does not require pre-planning test

locations

  • Can perform test at any accessible

location

  • Permits testing of existing structures
  • Immediate test results compared with

cores

22

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SLIDE 23

Pre Prepare C Conc

  • ncre

rete

Plane surface 25 mm 25 mm Cut slot

23

Drill hole

18 mm

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SLIDE 24

Surf Surface Pl Plani ning

24

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SLIDE 25

25

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SLIDE 26

Cut ut Sl Slot

  • t

25 mm

26

3.5 mm

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SLIDE 27

Cut ut Sl Slot

  • t

27

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SLIDE 28

Cut ut Sl Slot

  • t

28

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SLIDE 29

Ins nsert Exp Expansion C n Cone

  • ne

and Coiled led S Split lit-Ri Ring g

Coiled ring Cone

29

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SLIDE 30

Ring E Expans nsion H n Hard rdware re

Coiled ring Cone Nut

30

Bevel

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SLIDE 31

Exp Expand R Ring ng

Nut

31

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SLIDE 32

Pul Pullou

  • ut t

the he Exp Expanded R Ring ng

32

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SLIDE 33

33

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SLIDE 34

CAPO PO-Tes est t vs L LOK-Te Test st

34

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Krenchel Bellander Best-fit line

CAPO-Test Load, kN LOK-Test Load, kN

CAPO = b*LOK Error Value 0.0051703 1.0038 b 1.3 kN 112.19 Chisq 0.99593 R

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SLIDE 35

Cas Case S e Stu tudy

35

November/December 2016

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SLIDE 36

Pol Polish Bri ridge St Stud udy

  • Tested 15 bridges: ages 25 to 52 years
  • Measured depth of carbonation (2 to 35 mm)
  • Tested drilled cores with L/D = 1 to represent

cube strength

  • Conducted companion CAPO tests
  • Used manufacturer’s correlation to estimate

cube strength from CAPO-Test

  • Investigated effect of carbonation depth

36

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SLIDE 37

Corre

  • rrelation
  • n

37

10 20 30 40 50 60 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Core Strength Best fit curve: fcore= 0.77F1.15 Upper Confidence Limit Lower Confidence Limit General Correlation: fcube= 0.76F1.16

Core Strength, MPa CAPO-TEST, kN

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SLIDE 38

Relativ ative E e Error

38

100 %

CT

Estimated Cube Strength Core Strength Core Strength α − = ×

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SLIDE 39

Sum Summary f for

  • r 15 Bri

ridges

39

Bridge No. Carbonation depth, mm Average core strength, MPa Average CAPO-TEST, kN Estimated compressive strength, MPa Relative error, αCT, % 1 2 34.2 28.1 36.4 6.4 2 4 24.7 21.4 26.6 7.7 3 5 46.4 37.3 50.6 9.1 4 5 34.2 28.7 37.3 9.1 5 7 37.1 27.5 35.5

  • 4.3

6 7 42.0 30.1 39.4

  • 6.2

7 7 37.5 29.2 38.1 1.6 8 8 35.4 28.3 36.7 3.7 9 10 42.4 30.6 40.2

  • 5.2

10 19 33.3 24.9 31.7

  • 4.8

11 20 29.7 24.6 31.2 5.1 12 20 28.5 24.3 30.8 8.1 13 22 31.7 26.1 33.4 5.4 14 26 31.7 26.5 34.0 7.3 15 35 19.6 16.4 19.5

  • 0.5
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SLIDE 40

Error Error v

  • vs. C

Carb rbon

  • nation
  • n D

Depth

40

  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Relative Error, % Carbonation Depth, mm

Linear Fit Error Value 2.5763 3.2683 Intercept 0.15923

  • 0.033116

Slope NA 441.56

  • Sq. Error

NA 0.057588 R

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SLIDE 41

Sum Summary

  • Pullout test offers the possibility of estimating

in-place concrete with acceptable reliability

  • Stress state created by reaction ring leads to a

compression strut that explains the good correlation with compressive strength

  • CAPO-Test allows testing without pre-placing

inserts

  • Polish bridge study
  • On average, CAPO-Test estimate was 3 % greater

than core strength

  • Carbonation did not appear to affect CAPO-Test

results

41

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SLIDE 42

Tha hank nk Y You !

  • u !

42

谢谢