Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS WORKSHOP: Exploring technical cooperation among Regional Leaders Cape Town, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Research in Bio-fuels in Bavaria Jürgen Karl Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 1. The Role of Biofuels for Germanys “ Energiewende ” Role of Biofuels Situation of Europe’s gas supply Technologies Gaps to fill by means of Biofuel 2. State-of-the-art of Biofuels and Second Generation Fuels Bavarian Projects Opportunities • Methanation of Biomass Conclusion • Other synthetic Energy Carriers • Key Technologies for Second Generation Fuels 3. Hydrogen and Second Generation Fuels in Bavaria • Gasification Research (Biomass Heatpipe Reformer) • Bavarian Hydrogen Center (BHC) • Hydrogen and Methanation projects at the Chair of Energy Process Engineering 4. Research Needs and Opportunities • Outline for a Joint Research program Folie 2 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Role of Biofuels 1. The Role of Biofuels for Germanys Technologies Bavarian Projects Opportunities “ Energiewende ” Conclusion • Situation of Europe’s gas supply • Gaps to fill by means of Biofuel Folie 3 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Upcoming Role of Biofuels in the Energy sector Biofuels … Role of Biofuels Role of Biofuels • … have to substitute fossile fuels in order to improve security-of-supply Technologies Bavarian Projects Opportunities Conclusion Folie 4 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Situation of Europe’s Estimated natural gas reserves 1999 Russia gas supply Norway UK • Reserves-to-production ration is 8 years for Europe and 10 years Uzbekistan Kasakhsta Ukraine for the USA (status 2012) NL • Europe will depend completely on Russian natural gas supplies Turkmenistan Tunesia Egypt Algeria 2025 Russia Turkmenistan Folie 5 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Situation of Europe’s gas supply • Reserves-to-production ration is 8 years for Europe and 10 years for the USA (status 2012) • Europe will depend completely on Russian natural gas supplies Gasprom Gasprom Folie 6 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Situation of Europe’s gas supply Possible Solution • Substitution of natural gas with Biomass • Methanation makes Biomass transportable • Biomass may be used in urban areas with high efficiency due to favorable conditions for CHP and Gasprom without fine dust emissions Gasprom Folie 7 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Situation of Europe’s gas supply Possible Solution • Substitution of natural gas with Biomass • Methanation makes Biomass transportable • Biomass may be used in urban areas with high efficiency due to favorable conditions for CHP and without fine dust emissions Folie 8 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Upcoming Role of Biofuels in the Energy sector Biofuels… Role of Biofuels Role of Biofuels • …have to substitute fossil fuels in order to improve security-of-supply Technologies • … shall back -up increasing shares of wind and photovoltaics (PV) with highest flexibility Bavarian Projects Opportunities Conclusion Folie 9 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 A Summer Week • Renewables cover 25% of Germanys power production in Germany… • Increasing the share of wind and PV requires affordable and most flexible back- up capacities… up to 30 GW Renewables Power Production In GW 70 PV 60 50 Wind Natural 40 Gas bituminous 30 still > 50 GW coial fossile and nuclear 20 lignite for baseload 10 Nuclear Hydro Mo Tue Wed Thu Fr Sat Su 15.07. 16.07. 17.07. 18.07. 19.07. 20.07. 21.07.2013 Folie 10 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Upcoming Role of Biofuels in the Energy sector Biofuels… Role of Biofuels Role of Biofuels • …have to substitute fossil fuels in order to improve security-of-supply Technologies • … shall back -up increasing shares of wind and photovoltaics (PV) with highest flexibility Bavarian Projects • … have to use existing infrastructures Opportunities and storage capacities Conclusion Liquid fuel Natural gas grid 2500 GWh 2170 GWh Reference: pumped storage hydro power stations in Germany 1 Mio. electrical vehicles 40 GWh 10 GWh Quelle: M.Specht, Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung mit Biomasse, Augsburg, 10.03.2010 Folie 11 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Role of Biofuels Technologies Technologies 2. State-of-the-art of Bavarian Projects Opportunities Biofuels and Second Generation Fuels Conclusion Methanation of Biomass Other synthetic Energy Carriers Key Technologies for Second Generation Fuels Folie 12 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Examples for Second Generation Fuels: Substitute Natural Gas Role of Biofuels (SNG) Technologies Technologies • Production of synthetic „ natural gas" from Bavarian Projects 1. Step: biomass ("Methanation") Opportunities Thermal gasification Conclusion gasification CH x O y + H 2 O CO + 3 H 2 + CO 2 , H 2 O, etc. (Biomass) CO CH 4 + 3 + hydrogenation H 2 O, CO 2 , … heat hydrogen 2. Step: Methanation Folie 13 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Examples for • „ Polygeneration “ is Second Generation Fuels: particularly interesting… Role of Biofuels Technologies Technologies + CH 4 + 2 H 2 O + heat 4 H 2 CO 2 Bavarian Projects Opportunities + + H 2 O + heat CH 4 3 H 2 CO Conclusion Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) syngas + + H 2 O 2,2 H 2 CO + heat Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL) + 4 H 2 2 CO Dimethylether (DME) + 2 H 2 O CH 3 -O-CH 3 + heat snygas Carbazol + H 2 „synthetic fuels“ „energy carriers“ Folie 14 further examples: hydrogen , alcohols, ammonia… Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Key Technologies for Second Generation Fuels: Role of Biofuels Technologies Technologies 1. Gasification Bavarian Projects 2. Gas cleaning 3. Synthesis Opportunities • Syngas production • Syngas cleaning • Synthesis Second Conclusion • Hydrogen production Generation Fuel Raw gas Syngas Biomass Catalytic • Particle removal synthesis • Desulphurization with defined • Tar scrubbing pressure and • Conditioning temperature stochiometry and excess steam • … Folie 15 Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de
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