IMP MPLEMENTATI TION of NE NEW Re Regu gula latio ion K5 " 1
Multi Disciplinary Science 2
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VALIDATED SAMPLING SYSTEM-Evalu luatio ion • What Technical Standard do I follow? Monitoring • What TLV’s Permissible limits do I follow? • Who Certifies my measurement? • What Technology is Available for Measurement? • What is the Accuracy? • What is the Certification? • How to Interpret results? • How to provide solution? 4
What is Industrial Hygiene Monitoring and What Value Is It Permenaker No. 5? • Industrial hygiene monitoring also known as exposure monitoring is a process of evaluating and documenting employee potential exposures to biological, chemical and physical hazards. Monitoring can be qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative. • Qualitative assessments involve observing the operation and the employee and noting the potential hazards. For each hazard the frequency and duration of the exposure is noted and the severity and probability of a negative outcome is estimated. Based on these assessments, determinations are made if further evaluation is necessary. 5
What is Industrial Hygiene Monitoring and What Value Is It Permenaker No. 5? • Semi-quantitative exposure assessments involve mathematical models to predict exposures or the use of direct-reading instruments. There are limitations to both activities, but the information can be very valuable in determining if quantitative assessments should be conducted. • Quanitative chemical assessments involve a pump that draws air through a collection media and a laboratory analysis of the collection media to determine the average airborne concentration of a particular chemical agent. During this process an employee wears the sampling equipment so their exposure during their normal workshift can be determined. Noise can also be measured in a similar fashion 6
The information obtained during these assessments can be used for the following: Increase Productivity/Minimize Liabilities • Demonstrate compliance with a particular Local standards • Protection against worker compensation claims alleging health effects due to exposures • Verification of effectiveness of engineering controls • Reassurance for workers that the workplace is safe • Establishing a program for periodic monitoring and remonitoring ‰ • Selection of appropriate respiratory protection • Determining need for ventilation installations. 7
TLV´s from ACGIH • Threshold Limit Values-for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents & Biological Exposure Index. 8
A few Key y Components s of Industria ial Hyg ygien iene • Noise: Long-term exposure to noise – both wanted and unwanted sound – can lead to hearing loss for workers. Noise issues can be addressed in several ways, including designing a facility to minimize noise, separating workers from noisy machinery as much as possible, and using devices, such as ear muffs or ear plugs, to protect workers. • Temperature: Both high and low temperatures can cause problems for workers. If temperatures are too high, workers are vulnerable to heat stroke or heat exhaustion; heat stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Workers should be allowed to slowly adapt to the heat (acclimatization) and drink small amounts of water frequently, and air should be cooled whenever possible. Prolonged exposure to low temperatures can lead to hypothermia or frostbite. Workers should be allowed to wear warm clothing, and take breaks in warmer temperatures when possible. 9
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Principle of the measurement of Human Vibrations Hand-Arm vibration measurement is based on international standards: • ISO 8041 (instrument / calibration) • ISO 5349-1 (Filters, indicators) • ISO 5349-2 (Measurement) 15
Human Vibrations Reduces sensitivity in the fingers Problems in the Column Pain attacks Comfort / Health of staff living in building White / Blue coloring of the fingertips 16
• Step by Step monitoring Strategy Identification of the of the Vibration that affects Human Beings Selection of the measurement method Selection of the measuring instrument Calibration and Configuration Measurement Verification of Results and Report Corrective actions 17
Key ey Componen ents of Industrial l Hyg ygie iene • Indoor air quality: Indoor air quality can be impacted by many factors, including pollution from machines or tools inside the building, highway pollution outside the building, dusts from mechanical processes, or gasses. Poor air quality can cause issues ranging from chronic coughs to nausea to severe headaches. Proper ventilation is important to ensure that fresh air is brought into the work area and air filtering in an HVAC system can help remove contaminants from the air. 18
Key ey Componen ents of Industrial l Hyg ygie iene • Chemical exposure: Chemical hazards can take many forms, from liquid to fumes to dusts, and can be absorbed, inhaled, or ingested into a worker’s system. Some common chemicals that can potentially be hazardous are cleaning products, gasoline, and pesticides. Many chemicals can be harmless in small doses, but even some common chemicals can cause symptoms in those who are particularly sensitive, and most chemicals can cause adverse effects in large doses or when proper safety precautions are not taken. These precautions include ventilation, personal hygiene such as hand washing, which can reduce the amount of chemicals absorbed by the skin, and maintaining equipment in order to prevent leaks and breakdowns. 19
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Effects of Inorganic Dusts Inorganic Dust Type of Disease Lung Reaction Asbestos Asbestosis Fibrosis Silica (Quartz) Silicosis Fibrosis Coal Coal Fibrosis Pneumoconiosis Beryllium Beryllium Disease Fibrosis Tungsten Carbide Hard Metal Fibrosis Disease Iron Siderosis No Fibrosis Tin Stannosis No Fibrosis Barium Baritosis No Fibrosis
Effects of Organic Dusts Organic Dust Type of Disease Lung Reaction Mouldy hay, straw and Farmer’s Lung Fibrosis grain Droppings and feathers Bird fancier's lung Fibrosis Mouldy sugar can Bagassosis Fibrosis Compost dust Mushroom worker's lung No Fibrosis Dust or mist Humidifier fever No Fibrosis Dust of heat-treated Sewage sludge disease No Fibrosis sludge Mould dust Cheese washers' lung No Fibrosis Dust of dander, hair Animal handlers' lung No Fibrosis particles and dried urine of rats
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Key ey Componen ents of Industrial l Hyg ygie iene • Biological hazards: Living organisms such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria, can enter the body and cause both acute and chronic infections. Workers who deal with plants or animals and laboratory or medical workers are particularly at risk for biological hazards, but all workers can be at risk for hazards such as mold, and bacteria that cause Legionnaire’s disease. Proper hygiene such as hand washing, ventilation, personal protective equipment such as gloves or respirators, and in certain cases, isolation of the hazard, can all help minimize the risks associated with biological hazards. 28
El Elim imin inatin ing or Controlli lling Hazards • Optimizing these components of industrial hygiene through monitoring and analyzing hazards and engineering solutions to minimize those hazards will help control potential health risks that impact both workers and your organization. • These hazards can cause a wide range of negative outcomes from disease and injury to lost time and reduced productivity in your organization. Understanding the principles of industrial hygiene will help you control these factors more effectively and thus have a healthier, more productive workplace. 29
How to make measurements: Standards • Instrumentation work analysis Selection of measurement strategy measurements Evaluation reports 30
Following ISO Technical Procedures-Benefit • Comfort-workers • Health-Workers • Productivity -Company • Profit-Company • Minimize Liabilities-Company 31
• Step by Step monitoring Strategy Identification of the of Chemical/Biological Agent that affects Human Beings Selection of the measurement method Selection of the measuring instrument Calibration and Configuration Measurement Verification of Results and Report Corrective actions 32
Monitoring Methods • Personal • Environmental • Biological • Medical Surveillance
Whom to Sample • Highest exposures (most common) • Representative task • Special circumstances
Er Errors • Accuracy- Relationship between measured- true • precision-degree of agreement • Systematic errors controllable (calibration) • Random errors not controllable • Instrument Certification
Walk Through Survey • Locate existing hazards • Review Process • See, Smell, feel (senses} • Control measures,
Hazard Recognition • Raw material • Finished product • By-products • Exposure standards • Length of shift • Physical environment
Field Survey • More Details • Monitoring • Normal and Abnormal conditions
How Many Samples • No set rule • Depends on purpose • Statistical valid (Confidence Intervals) • Worst case • Methods available 1 + 1 = 3
How Long To Sample • 8 hours • 15 minutes • Instantaneous (Peak)
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