HUB 10 4 March 2014 1 Good typography is legible because of a - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A quick romp in typography Tom Grace HUB 10 4 March 2014

1 Good typography is legible because of a balanced contrast between the text (‘black’) and the space within and around it (‘white’).

adhesion LATELY

adhesion LATELY

adhesion LATELY

adhesion LATELY

adhesion LATELY

adhesion LATELY

gothic, ca. 1450 (textura)

Les cortèges du 1er mai partout en France ont réuni 350.000 manifestants, selon une estima- tion défjnitive de la CGT, contre 1,2 million de personnes revendiqué par les syndicats en 2009, le syndicat évoquant samedi « une étape sup- plémentaire dans la mobilisation ». Selon le ministère de l’Intérieur, les cortèges du 1er mai ont réuni 195.000 participants, dont 21.000 à humanist, ca. 1500 (Palatino Nova)

Les cortèges du 1er mai partout en F réuni 350.000 manifestants, selon une estima on défjnitive de la CGT, contre 1,2 mill de personnes revendiqué par les syndicats en le syndicat évoquant samedi « une étape supplémentaire dans la mobilisati le ministère de l’Intérieur, les cortèges du 1er mai ont réuni 195.000 participants modern, ca. 1790 (Didot)

Les cortèges du 1er mai partout en Fr éuni 350.000 manifestants, selon une es timation défjnitive de la CGT, contre 1,2 mil lion de personnes revendiqué par les syndi cats en 2009, le syndicat évoquant samedi une étape supplémentaire dans la mobili . Selon le ministère de l’Intérieur cortèges du 1er mai ont réuni 195.000 partic grotesk, ca. 1950 (Frutiger)

ca. 1994 (Comic Sans)

In many cases, these analyses have concluded that the most grotesk likely explanation for the phylogenetic distribution of these gene (Helvetica Neue) or protein families involves one or more ancient HGT events. In this article, we review these previous studies, focusing in par- ticular on two aspects of their results and conclusions. Firstly, we highlight, as reported by the authors, that the divergence of PVC and eukaryotic/archaeal members of these families are ancient events. Secondly, most of these studies conclude that one or more HGT events are likely to have occurred during the evolution of these families; we discuss three issues that make us cautious humanist In many cases, these analyses have concluded that the most likely expla- (Minion) nation for the phylogenetic distribution of these gene or protein families involves one or more ancient HGT events. In this article, we review these previous studies, focusing in particular on two aspects of their results and conclusions. Firstly, we highlight, as reported by the authors, that the di- vergence of PVC and eukaryotic/archaeal members of these families are ancient events. Secondly, most of these studies conclude that one or more HGT events are likely to have occurred during the evolution of these families; we discuss three issues that make us cautious about making such inferences, i.e., that (i) it is diffjcult to obtain accurate inference of phy-

In many cases, these analyses have concluded that the most likely explanation for the phylogenetic distribution of these gene or protein families involves one or more ancient HGT events. In this article, we review these previous studies, focusing in particular on two aspects of their results and conclu- sions. Firstly, we highlight, as reported by the authors, that the divergence of PVC and eukaryotic/ archaeal members of these families are ancient events. Secondly, most of these studies conclude that one or more HGT events are likely to have occurred during the evolution of these families; we discuss three issues that make us cautious about making such inferences, i.e., that (i) it is diffjcult to obtain accurate inference of phylogenetic tree topologies for single gene families that diverged over the time-scales involved in these analyses (ii) inference of HGT also requires an estimate of the species tree for the organisms involved in the analysis, which is also diffjcult, and (iii) the need for increased use and further development of probabilistic models of the difgerent kinds of genetic events that can shape the taxonomic distribution of gene families (i.e., gene duplication, vertical in- heritance, gene loss, and HGT). Tierefore, we encourage caution in the inference of ancient HGT events to explain unexpected character distributions, and look forward to the further development of probabilistic models for comparing HGT and non-HGT-based models. Additionally, we think that it is important for such analyses to consider alternatives to the three-domain 16sRNA-based ToL when assessing the evidence for HGT in general. In the case of the PVC characters, alternatives include the possibility that the engulfment of a thaumarchaeon by a PVC bacterium was involved in the origin of the eukaryotes (Forterre, 2010), a stepwise vertical evolution of archaea and eukary- otes from a PVC common ancestor (Devos and Reynaud, 2010; Reynaud and Devos, 2011), or the reductive evolution of Planctomycetes from a complex proto-eukaryote-like last universal common ancestor (Fuerst and Sagulenko, 2011, 2012). Many of these issues are generally relevant to inference of HGT events, not just in the context of unexpected character distributions involving PVCs. Esti- mating patterns of genetic information transfer, i.e., phylogenetic tree topologies, that include an- cient lineage divergences is diffjcult (Gribaldo and Philippe, 2002; Delsuc et al., 2005). In particular, efgect of long line lengths

In many cases, these analyses have concluded that the most likely explanation for the phylogenetic distribution of these gene or protein families involves one or more ancient HGT events. In this article, we review these previous studies, focusing in particular on two aspects of their results and conclu- sions. Firstly, we highlight, as reported by the authors, that the divergence of PVC and eukaryotic/ archaeal members of these families are ancient events. Secondly, most of these studies conclude that one or more HGT events are likely to have occurred during the evolution of these families; we discuss three issues that make us cautious about making such inferences, i.e., that (i) it is diffjcult to obtain accurate inference of phylogenetic tree topologies for single gene families that diverged over the time-scales involved in these analyses (ii) inference of HGT also requires an estimate of the species tree for the organisms involved in the analysis, which is also diffjcult, and (iii) the need for increased use and further development of probabilistic models of the difgerent kinds of genetic events that can shape the taxonomic distribution of gene families (i.e., gene duplication, vertical in- heritance, gene loss, and HGT). Tierefore, we encourage caution in the inference of ancient HGT events to explain unexpected character distributions, and look forward to the further development of probabilistic models for comparing HGT and non-HGT-based models. Additionally, we think that it is important for such analyses to consider alternatives to the three-domain 16sRNA-based efgect of long line lengths

In many cases, these analyses have concluded that the most likely explana- tion for the phylogenetic distribution of these gene or protein families involves one or more ancient HGT events. In this article, we review these previous studies, focusing in particular on two aspects of their results and conclusions. Firstly, we highlight, as reported by the authors, that the divergence of PVC and eukary- otic/archaeal members of these families are ancient events. Secondly, most of these studies conclude that one or more HGT events are likely to have occurred during the evolution of these families; we discuss three issues that make us efgect of short line lengths

In many cases, these analyses have concluded that the most likely explana- tion for the phylogenetic distribution of these gene or protein families involves one or more ancient HGT events. In this article, we review these previous studies, focusing in particular on two aspects of their results and conclusions. Firstly, we highlight, as reported by the authors, that the divergence of PVC and eukary- otic/archaeal members of these families are ancient events. Secondly, most of these studies conclude that one or more HGT events are likely to have occurred during the evolution of these families; we discuss three issues that make us cautious about making such inferences, i.e., that (i) it is diffjcult to obtain ac- curate inference of phylogenetic tree topologies for single gene families that diverged over the time-scales involved in these analyses (ii) inference of HGT also requires an estimate of the species efgect of short line lengths

phylogenetic tree topologies efgect of text size

phylogenetic tree topologies efgect of text size

phylogenetic tree topologies efgect of color (hue + tone)

phylogenetic tree topologies efgect of color (tone)

black (%) phylogenetic tree topologies 100 phylogenetic tree topologies 80 phylogenetic tree topologies 60 42 phylogenetic tree topologies 40 phylogenetic tree topologies 20 phylogenetic tree topologies 0 efgect of color (tone)

phylogenetic tree topologies phylogenetic tree topologies phylogenetic tree topologies efgect of color (hue + tone)

2 Good typography is helpful because its arrangement, like the content you want to share, is information .