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How market influences undermine traditional modes of regulation. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 31, 2022 38 likes •298 views

Joachim H. Spangenberg UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environment Research, Dept. Community Ecology, Halle/Saale Joachim.Spangenberg [at] ufz.de or [at] gmail.com, Vorsterstr. 97-99, 51103 Kln, Germany, Tel. +49-221-2168-94 How market influences

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

How market influences undermine traditional modes

  • f regulation.

Observations from Kenya, Mongolia and the Philippines

Joachim H. Spangenberg

UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environment Research, Dept. Community Ecology, Halle/Saale

Joachim.Spangenberg [at] ufz.de or [at] gmail.com, Vorsterstr. 97-99, 51103 Köln, Germany, Tel. +49-221-2168-94

6th Annual International ESP Conference 2013 Making Ecosystem Services Count!

Session 30 “Rice Ecosystem Services “

Pan Pacific Nirwana Bali Resort Hotel, Bali, Indonesia, August 26th – 30th, 2013

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

The ESS Definition “Ecosystem Services are the benefits that humans recognise as obtained from an ecosystem and that support, directly or indirectly, their survival and quality of life”. No recognition, no service, no price.

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

They are defined as traits

  • f ecosystems which exist independent of

human action, but can be modified by human intervention.

The chicken and the eggs We chose a stepwise order, starting with ecosystem functions.

In the beginning, there was an ecosystem function? an ecosystem service? or what?

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

The ESS Cascade

(Potschin & Haines-Young, modified) A focus on the process: attributing values, mobilising, appropriating, commercialising services

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Case 1: Massai Mara, Kenya

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Massai life

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Attracting herbivores…

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

…which attracts carnivors, and they attract tourists.

Dr Joach m H Spangenberg, B od vers ty and SPAC Be grade 9 10 07

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Case Ecosystem Function UVA Ecosystem Service Potential Mobili- sation Ecosystem Service Exploi- tation Welfare Gain 1 Kenya former Diverse savannah landscape, high biodiversity  Grazable grass, Edible fruits and game, Stems for construction Herding, Gathering and hunting, Logging Cattle feed, Fruit & meat Constructio n material Herd manage ment, Cooking Con- struction Milk, blood Other food Housing 1 Kenya current Landscape increasingly grassland character  Grazable grass, game tourists pay to see Burning the savannah Increased number of grazing animals and their predators Tourism marke- ting Cash income from tourism

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Nakuru National Park, Kenya

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Case 2: Mongolia

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Dr Joach m H Spangenberg, B od vers ty and SPAC Be grade 9 10 07

Vulnerable ecosystems sustainably used

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Modernising or abandoning traditional life?

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Case Ecosystem Function UVA Ecosystem Service Potential Mobilisation Ecosystem Service Exploitation 2 Mongolia former Vulnerable grassland Temporary water scarcity  Nurturing herds, in particular horses representing wealth Herding mainly horses Herds of many horses Milking Socio- cultural valuation 2 Mongolia current Vulnerable grassland, eroding. Temporary and local water scarcity  Nurturing goats for Kashmir production Stocking up

  • n goats in

herds Grazing many goats Shearing the goats

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

What is the future

  • f herding?

(Uranium and rare earth mining is a separate issue)

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Case 3: I fugao, Philippines

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Dr Joach m H Spangenberg, B od vers ty and SPAC Be grade 9 10 07

2000 years of Banaue Rice Terraces

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Dr Joach m H Spangenberg, B od vers ty and SPAC Be grade 9 10 07 Dr Joach m H Spangenberg, B od vers ty and SPAC Be grade 9 10 07

Regulating services: mountain forest safeguards freshwater supply

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Benefits are recognised

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Case Ecosystem Function UVA Ecosystem Service Potential Mobili- sation Ecosyste m Service Exploi- tation Welfare Gain 3 Philip- pines former Rice terraces Sweet potato fields Woodlots and forests  Suitable for producing rice and sweet potatoes Water regulation and supply for rice fields Sustaining terraces for rice planting. Protecting forest against

  • veruse

Rice and sweet potato production mostly sufficient water supply Drying rice, storing it in the houses hand thres before use Basis of subsisten ce existence Preparing aromatic rice dishes 3 Philip- pines current Rice terraces Rich cultural heritage Increasing erosion  Attracting tourists ready to spend money Source of wood Logging and carving souvenirs Tourists demanding souvenirs, willing to pay Selling craft work Cash income

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Dr Joach m H Spangenberg, B od vers ty and SPAC Be grade 9 10 07

Strong traditions: souvenir carving’s cultural basis

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Conclusion

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Ecosystem services: no free gifts of nature but a human view on nature’s riches

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Diverging preferences

  • f different social

groups lead to different service potentials attributed to the same functions. Environmental conflicts begin right here. It’s a socio- cultural and political balancing act.

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

Monetisation comes last – if at all necessary

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  • Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg, Biodiversity and SPAC, Belgrade 9.10. 07

“ We h e have e beco ecom e e far t oo cl clev ever er t o t o s survi vive ve w it hou

  • ut w isdo

dom ”

  • E. F. S

Schum acher

Thank you

  • u fo

for you

  • ur at t e

t t ent i t ion. Fo For t h t he ex ext en ended ed present a t at i t ion an and

  • t her

er paper ers see ee

http://seri.academia.edu/JoachimHSpangenberg